Pegasus-class hydrofoil

The Pegasus-class hydrofoils were a series of fast attack patrol boats employed by the U.S. Navy. They were in service from 1977 through 1993. These hydrofoils carried the designation "PHM" for "Patrol, Hydrofoil, Missile." The Pegasus-class vessels were originally intended for NATO operations in the North Sea and Baltic Sea. Subsequently, participation by other NATO navies, including Germany and Italy, ceased and the U.S. Navy proceeded to procure six PHMs, which were highly successful in conducting coastal operations, such as narcotics interdiction and coastal patrol, in the Caribbean basin.

Class overview
Name: Pegasus-class hydrofoil
Builders: Boeing Marine Systems, Renton, Washington
Operators:  United States Navy
Built: 1973–1982
In commission: 1977–1993
Completed: 6
Retired: 6
Preserved: 1
General characteristics
Displacement: 237.2 long tons (241 t)
Length: 133 ft (41 m)
Beam: 28 ft (8.5 m)
Propulsion:
  • 2 × Mercedes-Benz MTU marine diesels (hullborne), 1,600 bhp (1,193 kW)
  • 1 × General Electric LM2500 gas turbine (Foilborne), 18,000 shp (13,423 kW)
Speed:
  • 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) hullborne
  • 48 knots (89 km/h; 55 mph) foilborne
Complement: 4 officers, 17 enlisted
Sensors and
processing systems:
Armament:
  • 2 × quad RGM-84 Harpoon
  • 1 × Mk 75 76 mm OTO Melara, 62 cal. gun
All six members of the Pegasus class of armed hydrofoils.
Three Pegasus-class hydrofoils tied up in port with their foils out of the water.

History

In the late 1960s, NATO developed a requirement for a small, fast warship to counter large numbers of Warsaw Pact missile boats, such as the Komar and Osa classes, deciding that a hydrofoil would be the best way to meet this requirement. In 1970 Admiral Elmo Zumwalt, the new Chief of Naval Operations (CNO), keen to increase the Navy's number of surface vessels in a cost-effective manner, committed the United States to the NATO program for a hydrofoil. The U.S. Navy proposed the PHM design as a NATO standard, with the program being led by the U.S. Navy, and an order placed for two prototypes in 1972.[1] The Italian Navy and the West German Bundesmarine signed letters of intent to participate in the programme, with other NATO navies, including the Royal Navy and Canadian Forces studying the project.[2] The U.S. Navy planned to buy up to 30 PHMs, with 10 to be purchased by West Germany and four by Italy.[2][3][4]

After Zumwalt's retirement, the Navy chose to funnel most of the money for the PHMs into larger vessels. This delayed the ongoing construction of Pegasus, and the other vessels were not started. Congress eventually forced the Navy to complete the vessels. The difficulties in project progression forced the other involved navies to abort their participation.

The Pegasus-class ships were powered by two 800 horsepower (600 kW) twin turbo-charged Mercedes-Benz diesel engines when waterborne, using water jets (designed by Aerojet),[5] giving them a speed of 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph). When foilborne, the ships were powered by a General Electric LM2500 gas turbine and a very large water jet, giving them a speed of over 48 knots (89 km/h; 55 mph).

Pegasus ships were well armed for their size, carrying two four-rack RGM-84 Harpoon anti-ship missiles and an Oto Melara 76 mm gun. The Harpoons, specifically, were capable of sinking far larger ships at distances in excess of 60 nautical miles (110 km). The West German version would have carried the MM38 Exocet.

As Pegasus was constructed several years before the rest of the series, there are some slight differences, such as the fire-control system.

All six vessels were constructed by Boeing, in Seattle at the Renton plant at the south end of Lake Washington. They were stationed at NAS Key West. Principal contractors, along with Boeing, were Sperry Corporation for MK 92 Mod 1 fire control system, Hollandse Signaalapparaten and Sperry Corp. (under license) for WM 28 fire control system, OTO-Melara for 76 mm gun, and NAVSEC for design support.[6]

The technology was first pioneered by USS Tucumcari (PGH-2), where it successfully operated in Vietnam, but ultimately ran aground off Puerto Rico. It was judged to be more advanced than the Grumman Flagstaff which was built at the same time to the same requirements. The primary technology, also used in the Boeing Jetfoil ferries, used submerged flying foils with waterjet propulsion.

The ships were retired because they were not judged cost effective for their mission in a Navy with primarily offensive missions rather than coastal patrol. USS Aries PHM-5 Hydrofoil Memorial, Inc. obtained Aries for rehabilitation as a memorial located on the Grand River in Brunswick, Missouri at 39°25′15″N 93°7′47″W. All other PHMs in the class were sold for scrap. In the early 2000s Gemini was converted into a yacht, but was abandoned by its owners in the 2010s and scrapped in 2017.[7]

List of ships
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gollark: i.e. demonstrate that they can actually function well, enforce the law reasonably, have reasonable laws *to* enforce in the first place, with available resources/data, **before** invading everyone's privacy with the insistence that they will totally make everyone safer.
gollark: Reduced privacy in return for more safety and stuff might be better if governments had a track record of, well, actually doing that sort of thing effectively.
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gollark: Invading people's privacy a lot allows you to get somewhat closer to "perfect enforcement".

See also

References
  1. Jenkins 2000, p. 1–2.
  2. McLeavy 1975, pp. 279–280.
  3. Jenkins 2000, p. 2.
  4. Gardiner and Chumbley 1995, p. 625.
  5. Testimony of Rear Adm. G. G. Halvorson, Fiscal year 1974 authorization for military procurement, pt. 4, p. 2392
  6. Testimony of Rear Adm. G. G. Halvorson, Fiscal year 1974 authorization for military procurement, pt. 4, p. 2379
  7. "USS Gemini, yacht on Cape Fear, sold for scrap metal". StarNews Online. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
  • Gardiner, Robert and Stephen Chumbley. Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. Annapolis, Maryland, USA: Naval Institute Press, 1995. ISBN 1-55750-132-7.
  • McLeavy, Roy. Jane's Surface Skimmers: Hovercraft and Hydrofoils 1975–76. Jane's Yearbooks, 1975. ISBN 0 354 00525 1.
  • Jenkins, George. "Patrol Combatant Missile (Hydrofoil): PHM History 1973–1995" (pdf). Foils.com, 1 November 2000. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
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