Hugh R. Wilson

Hugh Robert Wilson (January 29, 1885 – December 29, 1946) was a member of the United States Foreign Service, who headed the U.S. mission to Switzerland for ten years beginning in 1927. He became Assistant Secretary of State in 1937[1] and served for several months in 1938 as U.S. Ambassador to Germany.

Hugh R. Wilson
Wilson in 1927
United States Ambassador to Germany
In office March 3, 1938 – November 16, 1938
President	Franklin D. Roosevelt
Preceded by	William E. Dodd
Succeeded by	Alexander Comstock Kirk (Acting)
United States Assistant Secretary of State
In office August 23, 1937 – January 17, 1938
President	Franklin D. Roosevelt
Preceded by	George S. Messersmith
Succeeded by	Adolf A. Berle
United States Minister to Switzerland
In office June 11, 1927 – July 8, 1937
President	Calvin Coolidge Herbert Hoover Franklin D. Roosevelt
Preceded by	Hugh S. Gibson
Succeeded by	Leland B. Harrison
Personal details
Born	Hugh Robert Wilson (1885-01-29)January 29, 1885 Evanston, Illinois
Died	December 29, 1946(1946-12-29) (aged 61) Bennington, Vermont
Nationality	United States
Spouse(s)	Katherine Boyle
Education	Yale University École Libre des Sciences Politiques
Occupation	Diplomat

Overview

Wilson was born on January 29, 1885, in Evanston, Illinois, to Hugh Robert and Alice W. Wilson.[2] He attended The Hill School for four years and graduated in 1902.[3] He attended Yale University graduating in 1906.[4] He worked in business for a few years and studied at the École Libre des Sciences Politiques, Paris in 1910.[2] He served briefly in the U.S. delegation in Lisbon until, upon passing examinations for the Diplomatic Service, he was appointed Secretary to the U.S. delegation in Guatemala.[5] While in that post, Wilson married Katherine Boyle in London on April 25, 1914.[6] He later served in Buenos Aires, Berlin, Vienna, Tokyo, and Berne.[7] From 1924 to 1927 he worked in Washington as Chief of the Division of Current Information of the U.S. Department of State.[2]

He held the position of Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Switzerland from 1927 to 1937, and during those years represented the United States at many international conferences.[2] On August 23, 1937, he became Assistant Secretary of State.[8] He served as U.S. Ambassador to Germany from March 3, 1938, to November 16, 1938.

He attended the congress of the Nazi Party in Nuremberg in September 1938, breaking with the precedent established by his predecessor, William E. Dodd, who had refused to attend. In Dodd's absence, the embassy's chargé d'affaires had attended the previous year.[9] President Roosevelt called Wilson home for urgent consultations in November 1938 following the anti-Jewish attacks of Kristallnacht and he never returned to Germany.[10]

Wilson coined the phrase "pretty good club" while describing the foreign service. When he was the ambassador to Germany he sought to emphasize the positive aspects of Nazi Germany. He accused the American press of being "Jewish controlled" and of singing a "hymn of hate while efforts are made over here to build a better future." He praised Hitler as the man who has pulled his people from moral and economic despair into the state of pride and evident prosperity they now enjoyed." [11]

Yale awarded Wilson an honorary Doctor of Laws degree in 1939.[12] Bryant College awarded him an honorary degree the same year.[13]

Wilson held the title Advisor to Secretary of State until he retired from the Foreign Service on December 31, 1940.[14] He returned to government service following the attack on Pearl Harbor and worked at the Office of Strategic Services from 1941 to 1945. He then accepted an appointment as chief of the foreign affairs section of the Republican National Committee.[15]

With Pierre Cot, a French Cabinet Minister throughout the 1930s, Wilson taught a course at Yale in the spring of 1941.[16]

Wilson died on December 29, 1946, in Bennington, Vermont, following a long illness.[17] He is buried in Chicago's Rosehill Cemetery.[18]

Wilson's son Hugh R. Wilson, Jr., deposited his fathers papers at the Herbert Hoover Presidential Library in 1968.[2]

Works

• The Education of a Diplomat (NY: Longmans, Green and Co., 1938)[19]
• Diplomat between Wars (NY, Longmans, Green & Co., 1941)[20]
• A Career Diplomat: The Third Chapter, The Third Reich (NY: Vantage Press, 1960)
• Disarmament and the Cold War in the Thirties (NY: Vantage Press 1963)
• Descent into Violence - Spain, January–July 1936 (Ilfracombe, Stockwell, 1969)

Sources

1. New York Times: "Hugh R. Wilson Takes Oath," August 24, 1937, accessed August 31, 2011
2. Herbert Hoover Presidential Library and Museum: "Hugh R. Wilson Papers" Archived 2011-08-20 at the Wayback Machine, accessed August 31, 2011
3. Hannan, Caryn (January 2008). Illinois Biographical Dictionary. ISBN 9781878592606.
4. New York Times: "Wilson to Attend Party," December 2, 1938, accessed August 31, 2011
5. New York Times: "Win Diplomatic Posts," January 9, 1912, accessed August 31, 2011
6. "Hugh R. Wilson Weds". The New York Times. 1914-04-26. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2019-09-28.
7. TIME: "Chameleon & Career Man," December 20, 1937, accessed August 31, 2011
8. New York Times: "Hugh R. Wilson Takes Oath," August 24, 1937, accessed September 1, 2011
9. New York Times: "Wilson to Attend Rally," August 26, 1938, accessed September 1, 2011; New York Times: "Nazi Victory in Austria Stressed as Nuremberg Congress Opens," September 6, 1938, accessed September 1, 2011
10. New York Times: "U.S. Envoy Arrives to Report on Reich," November 26, 1938, accessed September 1, 2011
11. In the Garden of Beasts, Erik Larson
12. New York Times: "2,700 Cheer Benes Getting Yale LL.D.," June 22, 1939, accessed September 1, 2011
13. Bryant Alumni Bulletin: Deaths, January 1947, accessed September 1, 2011
14. New York Times: "H.R. Wilson Retires; Was Envoy to Reich," November 25, 1940, accessed September 1, 2011
15. New York Times: "Hugh R. Wilson Joins Republican Advisers," April 12, 1945, accessed August 31, 2011
16. New York Times: Pierre Cot Appointed to Give Course at Yale," January 27, 1941, accessed September 1, 2011
17. TIME: "Milestones," January 6, 1947, accessed September 1, 2011
18. Find a Grave: Hugh Robert Wilson, accessed August 31, 2011
19. New York Times: J. Donald Adams, "A Diplomat's Formative Years," March 27, 1938, accessed August 31, 2011
20. New York Times: C. Hartley Grattan, "A Diplomat's Experience between Wars," March 30, 1941, accessed August 31, 2011

External links

• Media related to Hugh R. Wilson at Wikimedia Commons
• Newspaper clippings about Hugh R. Wilson in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW
• Hugh R. Wilson at the Office of the Historian

Diplomatic posts
Preceded by William Dodd	United States Ambassador to Germany March 3, 1938–November 16, 1938	Succeeded by Alexander C. Kirk