Henry Compton (bishop)

Henry Compton (1632 – 7 July 1713) was the Bishop of London from 1675 to 1713.

The Right Reverend and Right Honourable Henry Compton
Bishop of London
Church	Church of England
Diocese	Diocese of London
Appointed	6 December 1675
In office	1675-1713
Predecessor	Humphrey Henchman
Successor	John Robinson
Orders
Consecration	6 December 1674 by Gilbert Sheldon
Personal details
Born	1632 Compton Wynyates, Warwickshire, England
Died	(1713-07-07)7 July 1713 Fulham, London, England
Buried	All Saints Church, Fulham
Nationality	English
Denomination	Anglican
Parents	Spencer Compton, 2nd Earl of Northampton Mary Compton (née Beaumont)
Previous post	Bishop of Oxford (1674–1675)
Alma mater	The Queen's College, Oxford

Arms of Compton: Sable, a lion passant guardant or between three esquire's helmets argent

Arms of Henry Compton (See of London impaling Compton) between portraits of deposed King James II (with falling crown) and his successor Queen Mary II. St Mary's Church, Harlow, Essex

Early life

Compton was born the sixth and youngest son of the 2nd Earl of Northampton. He was educated at The Queen's College, Oxford, but left in 1654 without a degree, and then travelled in Europe.[1] After the restoration of Charles II in 1660 he became a cornet in his brother Charles's troop of the Royal Regiment of Horse,[2][3] but soon quit the army for the church. After a further period of study at Cambridge and again at Oxford, he graduated as a D.D. in 1669. He held various livings, including rector of Cottenham, and Witney.[1]

Episcopal career

He was made Bishop of Oxford in 1674, and in the following year was translated to the see of London, and also appointed Dean of the Chapel Royal.[1] He was also appointed a member of the Privy Council, and entrusted with the education of the two princesses, Mary and Anne. He showed a liberality most unusual at the time to Protestant dissenters, whom he wished to reunite with the established church. He held several conferences on the subject with the clergy of his diocese; and in the hope of influencing candid minds by means of the opinions of unbiased foreigners, he obtained letters treating of the question (since printed at the end of Stillingfleet's Unreasonableness of Separation) from Le Moyne, professor of divinity at Leiden, and the famous French Protestant divine, Jean Claude.

In 1676 he was instructed by Lord Danby to conduct an ecclesiastical census of the population, which became known as the Compton Census.[4]

In contrast to his liberality about Protestant dissent, Compton was strongly opposed to Roman Catholicism. On the accession of James II in February 1685 he consequently lost his seat in the council and his position as Dean of the Chapel Royal; and for his firmness in refusing to suspend John Sharp, rector of St Giles's-in-the-Fields, whose anti-papal preaching had rendered him obnoxious to the king, he was himself suspended by James's Court of High Commission in mid-1686.[5] The suspension was lifted in September 1688, two days before the High Commission was abolished.[6]

At the Glorious Revolution Compton embraced the cause of William III and Mary II, being one of the Immortal Seven who invited William to invade England; he performed the ceremony of their coronation; his old position was restored to him; and among other appointments, he was chosen as one of the commissioners for revising the liturgy. During the reign of Anne he remained a member of the privy council, and was one of the commissioners appointed to arrange the terms of the union of England and Scotland; but, to his bitter disappointment, his claims to the primacy were twice passed over. He died at Fulham on 7 July 1713, and was buried at All Saints Church, Fulham.

Works

Henry Compton circa 1675

Compton was a successful botanist. He also published, besides several theological works, A Translation from the Italian of the Life of Donna Olympia Maladichini, who governed the Church during the time of Pope Innocent X, which was from the year 1644 to 1655 (1667), and A Translation from the French of the Jesuits' Intrigues (1669).

References

1. "Compton, Henry (CMTN661H)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
2. Arthur, Sir George (1909). The Story of the Household Cavalry. Vol. I. London: Archibald Constable. p. 205.
3. Dalton, Charles, ed. (1892). English Army Lists and Commission Registers, 1661–1714. I 1661–1685. London: Eyre & Spottiswode. p. 5.
4. Carpenter, Edward (1956). The Protestant Bishop: Being the Life of Henry Compton, 1632–1713, Bishop of London. London: Longmans, Green and Co. p. 31.
5. Macaulay, Thomas Babington (1878). The History of England from the Accession of James II. Vol. II. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co. p. 76.
6. Macaulay (1878), pp. 362–363.

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Compton, Henry". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

External links

• "Archival material relating to Henry Compton". UK National Archives.
• Works by Henry Compton at Post-Reformation Digital Library

Church of England titles
Preceded by The Lord Crew	Bishop of Oxford 1674–1676	Succeeded by John Fell
Preceded by Humphrey Henchman	Bishop of London 1675–1713	Succeeded by John Robinson