Hawkes Bay (New Zealand electorate)

Hawke's Bay was a parliamentary electorate in the Hawke's Bay Region of New Zealand from 1881 to 1996. In 1986 it was renamed Hawkes Bay (without an apostrophe).

Population centres

The previous electoral redistribution was undertaken in 1875 for the 1875–1876 election. In the six years since, New Zealand's European population had increased by 65%. In the 1881 electoral redistribution, the House of Representatives increased the number of European representatives to 91 (up from 84 since the 1875–76 election). The number of Māori electorates was held at four. The House further decided that electorates should not have more than one representative, which led to 35 new electorates being formed, including Hawke's Bay, and two electorates that had previously been abolished to be recreated. This necessitated a major disruption to existing boundaries.[1]

Prior to the 1881 electoral redistribution, the Napier electorate covered not just the town of Napier, but also its rural hinterland. The northern boundary was the 39th latitude, the arbitrary line established in 1853 that formed the boundary between the original Wellington and Auckland Provinces.[2][3] In 1881, this arbitrary boundary line was abolished, and the East Coast electorate came across this line to the south. Inland, the Hawke's Bay electorate went across the line to the north and took up most of the rural part of the former Napier electorate, but it also went into the area of the Rangitikei electorate, and the town of Hastings was gained from the Clive electorate, which was abolished and replaced with Waipawa. Other settlements that belonged to the Hawke's Bay electorate in its initial shape were Bay View, Fernhill, and Havelock North.[4]

History

The electorate was represented by twelve Members of Parliament:[5]

The 1996 general election was held early, on 12 October, to avoid the need for a by-election after the resignation of Michael Laws.

Members of Parliament

Key

  Independent     Liberal     Labour  

  Conservative     Reform     National     NZ First  

Election	Winner
1881 election		Fred Sutton
1884 election		William Russell
1887 election
1890 election
1893 election
1896 election
1899 election
1902 election
1905 election		Alfred Dillon
1908 election
1911 election		Hugh Campbell
1914 election		Robert McNab
1917 by-election		John Findlay
1919 election		Hugh Campbell (2nd period)
1922 election		Gilbert McKay
1925 election		Hugh Campbell (3rd period)
1928 election
1931 election
1935 election		Ted Cullen
1938 election
1943 election
1946 election		Cyril Harker
1949 election
1951 election
1954 election
1957 election
1960 election
1963 election		Richard Harrison
1966 election
1969 election
1972 election
1975 election
1978 election
1981 election
1984 election		Bill Sutton
1987 election
1990 election		Michael Laws
1993 election
(Electorate abolished in 1996; see Tukituki

Election results

1943 election

1943 general election: Hawkes Bay[6]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	Ted Cullen	6,852	54.10	-6.26
	National	Eric N. Pryor	5,216	41.18
	Democratic Labour	D H Butcher	273	2.15
	Independent	J H Winter	149	1.17
Informal votes			174	1.37	+0.91
Majority			1,636	12.91	-8.27
Turnout			12,664	93.91	+0.46
Registered electors			13,485

1938 election

1938 general election: Hawkes Bay[7]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	Ted Cullen	7,572	60.36	+5.94
	National	George Maddison	4,911	39.15
Informal votes			58	0.46	-0.14
Majority			2,658	21.18	+12.35
Turnout			12,544	93.45	+4.02
Registered electors			13,422

1935 election

1935 general election: Hawkes Bay[8]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	Ted Cullen	6,222	54.42	+15.73
	Reform	Hugh Campbell	5,212	45.58	-15.73
Informal votes			69	0.60	+0.07
Majority			1,010	8.83
Turnout			11,434	89.43	+9.18
Registered electors			12,784

1931 election

1931 general election: Hawke's Bay[9]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Reform	Hugh Campbell	6,124	61.31
	Labour	Ted Cullen[10]	3,865	38.69
Informal votes			53	0.53
Majority			2,259	22.61
Turnout			10,042	80.25
Registered electors			12,514

1928 election

1928 general election: Hawke's Bay[11]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Reform	Hugh Campbell	3,953	38.72
	Labour	Jack Lyon	3,263	31.97
	United	Gilbert McKay	2,992	29.31
Majority			690	6.76
Informal votes			92	0.89
Turnout			10,300	85.55
Registered electors			12,040

1922 election

1922 general election: Hawke's Bay[12][13][14]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal	Gilbert McKay	3,982	46.28
	Independent Reform	Andrew Hamilton Russell	3,665	42.60
	Labour	Charles Henry Chapman	957	11.12
Informal votes			105	1.21
Majority			317	3.68
Turnout			8,709	85.58
Registered electors			10,177

1919 election

1919 general election: Hawke's Bay[15]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Reform	Hugh Campbell	3,234	41.99
	Liberal	Gilbert McKay	2,292	29.76
	Labour	Charles Henry Chapman	2176	28.25
Majority			942	12.23
Informal votes			86	1.10
Turnout			7,788	72.96
Registered electors			10,675

1917 by-election

1917 Hawkes Bay by-election[16]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal	Sir John Findlay	2,635	54.24
	Liberal–Labour	H. Ian Simpson	2,164	44.54
	Liberal	Alfred Fraser	9	0.18
Informal votes			50	1.02
Majority			471	9.69
Turnout			4,858	48.82
Registered electors			9,950

1893 election

1893 general election: Hawke's Bay[17][18][19]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	William Russell	1,874	40.76	-25.54
	Liberal	Charles William Reardon	1,804	39.23	+5.53
	Liberal	Thomas Tanner	920	20.01
Majority			70	1.52	-31.08
Turnout			4,598	93.19	+34.73
Registered electors			4,934

1890 election

1890 general election: Hawke's Bay[20]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	William Russell	1,340	66.30
	Liberal	Charles William Reardon	681	33.70
Majority			659	32.60
Turnout			2,021	58.46
Registered electors			3,457

Notes

1. McRobie 1989, pp. 43–48.
2. McLintock, A. H., ed. (22 April 2009) [First published in 1966]. "Auckland Province and Provincial Districts". An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand. Ministry for Culture and Heritage / Te Manatū Taonga. Retrieved 1 December 2013.
3. McRobie 1989, p. 42.
4. McRobie 1989, pp. 42, 46.
5. Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First ed. published 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. p. ?. OCLC 154283103.
6. "The General Election, 1943". National Library. 1944. p. 11. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
7. "The General Election, 1938". National Library. 1939. pp. 1–6. Retrieved 8 February 2012.
8. The General Election, 1935. National Library. 1936. pp. 1–35. Retrieved 3 August 2013.
9. The General Election, 1931. Government Printer. 1932. p. 3. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
10. "A Coalition Certainty". The Evening Post. CXII (120). 17 November 1931. p. 10. Retrieved 29 June 2014.
11. Skinner, W. A. G. (1929). The General Election, 1928. Government Printer. p. 3. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
12. Hislop, J. (1923). The General Election, 1922. Government Printer. p. 3. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
13. "Hawke's Bay Seat". Auckland Star. LIII (260). 2 November 1922. p. 7. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
14. "Hawke's Bay Seat". Hawera & Normanby Star. XLII. 1 November 1922. p. 7. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
15. Hislop, J. (1921). The General Election, 1919. National Library. p. 2. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
16. "The Final Figures". Sun. IV (960). 9 March 1917. p. 11. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
17. The General Election, 1893. Government Printer. 1894. p. 1. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
18. "The General Election". Otago Daily Times. 28 November 1893. p. 6. Retrieved 28 November 2013.
19. "Hawke's Bay Electorate". Hawke's Bay Herald. XXVIII (9544). 2 December 1893. p. 3. Retrieved 30 November 2013.
20. "The General Election, 1890". National Library. 1891. Retrieved 25 February 2012.

References

• McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)