Waipawa (New Zealand electorate)

Waipawa was a parliamentary electorate in the Hawke's Bay Region of New Zealand, from 1881 to 1946.

Population centres

The previous electoral redistribution was undertaken in 1875 for the 1875–1876 election. In the six years since, New Zealand's European population had increased by 65%. In the 1881 electoral redistribution, the House of Representatives increased the number of European representatives to 91 (up from 84 since the 1875–76 election). The number of Māori electorates was held at four. The House further decided that electorates should not have more than one representative, which led to 35 new electorates being formed, including Waipawa, and two electorates that had previously been abolished to be recreated. This necessitated a major disruption to existing boundaries.[1]

The legislation defined the area as follows:[2]

This district is bounded towards the North by the Hawke's Bay Electoral District; towards the East by the sea; towards the South by the Waimata Stream to its source; thence by a right line to Trig. Station No. 41a; thence by a right line to Trig. Station on Whahatuaro; then by the Manawatu River to the Manawatu Gorge; thence towards the West by lines from peak to peak along the summit of the Ruahine Range to the Hawke's Bay Electoral District,

History

The Waipawa electorate was established for the 1881 election.[3]

William Cowper Smith was the first representative. He was re-elected in 1884.[4] From 1887 to 1890 Smith represented the Woodville electorate, which only existed for those three years.[5]

The representative for Waipawa for the period from 1887 to 1890 was Thomas Tanner; he retired at the end of the parliamentary term.[6] Tanner was succeeded by Smith in the 1890 election; Smith retired at the end of the parliamentary term.[4]

Charles Hall represented Waipawa for the Liberal Party from 1893 to 1896, when he was defeated by George Hunter.[7] Hall in turn defeated Hunter in the 1899 election and then served the electorate until 1911, when he retired.[7] The 1911 election was won by Hunter, who continued to represent the electorate until 1930.[8]

An interesting situation arose in 1928. D. B. Kent was originally announced as an independent Liberal-Labour candidate.[9] He was then approached by the United Party and became their official candidate. The local supporters of the United Party had not been consulted on this, and did not support Kent, but backed Ernest Albert Goodger instead. Goodger thus stood as an independent United candidate.[10] This split the United Party vote, but Hunter again won with an absolute majority.[11]

Hunter's death on 20 August 1930[8] caused the 1930 by-election, which was won by Albert Jull.[12] Jull was confirmed by the voters in the 1931 election, but was defeated in 1935 election by Max Christie.[13] Jull in turn defeated Christie in 1938, but he died on 24 September 1940.[13] Jull was succeeded by Cyril Harker, who won the 1940 by-election. Harker was confirmed by the voters in the 1943 election. He served until the end of the parliamentary term in 1946,[14] when the electorate was abolished.[3]

Members of Parliament

The electorate was represented by seven Members of Parliament:[3]

Key

  Independent     Liberal     Conservative     Reform     United     Labour     National  

Election Winner
1881 election William Cowper Smith
1884 election
1887 election Thomas Tanner
1890 election William Cowper Smith
1893 election Charles Hall
1896 election George Hunter
1899 election Charles Hall
1902 election
1905 election
1908 election
1911 election George Hunter
1914 election
1919 election
1922 election
1925 election
1928 election
1930 by-election Albert Jull
1931 election
1935 election Max Christie
1938 election Albert Jull
1940 by-election Cyril Harker
1943 election
(Electorate abolished in 1946; see Hawkes Bay)

Election results

1943 election
1943 general election: Waipawa[15]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
National Cyril Harker 5,546 60.98 -0.34
Labour Archie Low 3,455 37.99
Informal votes 93 1.02 +0.60
Majority 2,091 22.99 +1.71
Turnout 9,094 91.71 +15.57
Registered electors 9,915

1940 by-election
1940 Waipawa by-election[16]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
National Cyril Harker 4,913 60.64
Labour Max Christie 3,189 39.36 -7.93
Majority 1,724 21.28
Informal votes 34 0.42 -0.41
Turnout 8,136 76.14 -18.77
Registered electors 10,685
National hold Swing

1938 election
1938 general election: Waipawa[17]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
National Albert Jull 5,070 51.86 +18.95
Labour Max Christie 4,624 47.29 +11.37
Informal votes 82 0.83 +0.28
Majority 446 4.56
Turnout 9,776 94.91 +1.54
Registered electors 10,300

1935 election
1935 general election: Waipawa[18]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Max Christie 3,089 35.92
United Albert Jull 2,830 32.91 -19.71
Independent John Davies Ormond, Jr.[lower-alpha 1] 2,121 24.66 -22.72
Democrat W L Barker 559 6.50
Informal votes 48 0.55 -1.04
Majority 259 3.01
Turnout 8,599 93.37
Registered electors 9,209

1931 election
1931 general election: Waipawa[19]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
United Albert Jull 3,870 52.62
Reform John Davies Ormond, Jr.[lower-alpha 1] 3,484 47.38
Informal votes 119 1.59
Majority 386 5.25
Turnout 7,473 80.99
Registered electors 9,227

1930 by-election
1930 Waipawa by-election[20]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
United Albert Jull 3,747 52.06
Reform William Tucker 3,450 47.93
Majority 297 4.12
Turnout 7,197
United gain from Reform Swing

1928 election
1928 general election: Waipawa[11]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Reform George Hunter 3,983 53.33 -9.05
Independent Ernest Albert Goodger[21] 2,123 28.43
United Douglas Barrington Kent 1,362 18.24
Informal votes 77 1.02 -0.22
Majority 1,860 24.91 +0.14
Turnout 7,545 85.80 -4.34
Registered electors 8,794

1925 election
1925 general election: Waipawa[22]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Reform George Hunter 4,486 62.38 +4.31
Liberal William Ashton Chambers 2,705 37.62
Informal votes 90 1.24 +0.06
Majority 1,781 24.77 +8.62
Turnout 7,281 90.13 +3.77
Registered electors 8,078

1922 election
1922 general election: Waipawa[23]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Reform George Hunter 3,870 58.07 +6.01
Liberal John Joshua Langridge 2,794 41.93
Informal votes 79 1.17 +0.10
Majority 1,076 16.15 +12.02
Turnout 6,743 86.36 +1.20
Registered electors 7,808

1919 election
1919 general election: Waipawa[24]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Reform George Hunter 3,458 52.06 +0.99
Liberal Albert Jull 3,184 47.94 -0.99
Informal votes 72 1.07 -0.38
Majority 274 4.13 +1.98
Turnout 6,714 85.16 -1.12
Registered electors 7,884

1914 election
1914 general election: Waipawa[25]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Reform George Hunter 3,282 51.07 -3.51
Liberal Albert Jull 3,144 48.93 +3.51
Informal votes 95 1.46 -0.03
Majority 138 2.15 -7.02
Turnout 6,521 86.28 +4.69
Registered electors 7,558

1911 election
1911 general election: Waipawa, first ballot[26]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Reform George Hunter 3,389 54.58 +4.08
Liberal Albert Jull 2,820 45.42
Informal votes 94 1.49
Majority 569 9.16 +8.16
Turnout 6,303 81.59 +2.75
Registered electors 7,725

1908 election
1908 general election: Waipawa, first ballot[27]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Charles Hall 2,507 50.50 +11.13
Conservative George Hunter 2,457 49.50 -11.13
Turnout 4,964 78.84 -8.09
Majority 50 1.01 -20.25
Registered electors 6,296

1905 election
1905 general election: Waipawa[28]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Charles Hall 3,576 60.63 -11.49
Conservative George Hunter 2,322 39.37
Informal votes 51 0.86
Majority 1,254 21.26 -22.98
Turnout 5,949 86.94 +18.49
Registered electors 6,843

1902 election
1902 general election: Waipawa[29]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Charles Hall 2,556 72.12 +15.34
Independent Liberal James Taylor 988 27.88
Majority 1,568 44.24 +30.68
Turnout 3,544 68.44 -15.27
Registered electors 5,178

1899 election
1899 general election: Waipawa[30]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Charles Hall 2,332 56.78 +9.62
Conservative George Hunter 1,775 43.22 -9.62
Majority 557 13.56 +7.88
Turnout 4,107 83.71 -0.88
Registered electors 4,906

1896 election
1896 general election: Waipawa[31]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative George Hunter 1,961 52.84 +11.58
Liberal Charles Hall 1,750 47.16 -3.58
Majority 211 5.69 -3.79
Turnout 3,711 84.59 +3.22
Registered electors 4,387

1893 election
1893 general election: Waipawa[32][33]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Charles Hall 2,024 50.74
Conservative George Hunter 1,646 41.26 -4.54
Independent William Warrand Carlile[34] 319 8.00
Majority 378 9.48 -6.89
Turnout 3,989 81.37 +28.16
Registered electors 4,902

1890 election
1890 general election: Waipawa[35]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal William Cowper Smith 1,297 57.77
Conservative George Hunter 948 42.23
Majority 349 15.55 +10.04
Turnout 2,245 60.92 -5.81
Registered electors 3,685

1887 election
1887 general election: Waipawa[36][37]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Independent Thomas Tanner 695 44.02 +5.60
Independent John Harker 608 38.51
Independent Fred Sutton 236 14.95
Independent Arthur Rowley William Lascelles 40 2.53
Majority 87 5.51 -17.67
Turnout 1,579 66.74 -0.49
Registered electors 2,366

1884 election
1884 general election: Waipawa[38]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Independent William Cowper Smith 768 61.59 +10.48
Independent Thomas Tanner 479 38.41
Majority 289 23.18 +20.97
Turnout 1,247 67.22 -4.21
Registered electors 1,855

1881 election
1881 general election: Waipawa[39]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Independent William Cowper Smith 579 51.10
Independent John Davies Ormond 554 48.90
Majority 25 2.21
Turnout 1,133 71.44
Registered electors 1,586

Table footnotes
  1. Ormond was the son of John Davies Ormond and the father of John Ormond

Notes
  1. McRobie 1989, pp. 43–48.
  2. "Representation Act 1881(45 VICT 1881 No 14)". New Zealand Legal Information Institute. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
  3. Wilson 1985, p. 274.
  4. Wilson 1985, p. 235.
  5. Wilson 1985, pp. 235, 277.
  6. Wilson 1985, p. 238.
  7. Wilson 1985, pp. 202, 207.
  8. Wilson 1985, p. 207.
  9. "A Change in Name". Auckland Star. LIX (251). 23 October 1928. p. 5. Retrieved 20 December 2014.
  10. "Waipawa Seat". The Evening Post. CVI (90). 27 October 1928. p. 10. Retrieved 20 December 2014.
  11. AtoJs 1928 election 1929, p. 5.
  12. Wilson 1985, p. 209.
  13. Wilson 1985, pp. 189, 209.
  14. Wilson 1985, p. 203.
  15. "The General Election, 1943". National Library. 1944. p. 11. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
  16. "Final Figures". Gisborne Herald. LXVII (20413). 25 November 1940. p. 11. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
  17. "The General Election, 1938". National Library. 1939. pp. 1–6. Retrieved 8 February 2012.
  18. The General Election, 1935. National Library. 1936. pp. 1–35. Retrieved 3 August 2013.
  19. The General Election, 1931. Government Printer. 1932. p. 5. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
  20. "Waipawa Seat". Auckland Star. LXI (243). 14 October 1930. p. 11. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  21. "Personal Items". The Evening Post. CIX (72). 26 March 1930. p. 13. Retrieved 20 December 2014.
  22. AtoJs 1925 election 1926, p. 3.
  23. Hislop 1923, p. 3.
  24. Hislop 1921, p. 3.
  25. Hislop 1915, p. 10.
  26. AtoJs 1911 election 1912, p. 2.
  27. AtoJs 1908 election 1909, p. 8.
  28. Mansfield 1906, p. 2.
  29. The General Election, 1902. National Library. 1903. p. 1. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
  30. AtoJs 1899 election 1900, p. 1.
  31. "The Waipawa Seat". Hawke's Bay Herald. XXXI (10478). 7 December 1896. p. 3. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
  32. AtoJs 1893 election 1894, p. 1.
  33. "The General Election". Otago Daily Times. 28 November 1893. p. 6. Retrieved 28 November 2013.
  34. "Waipawa Electoral District". Bush Advocate. XI (863). 25 November 1893. p. 3. Retrieved 30 November 2013.
  35. Cooper, G. S. (1891). The General Election, 1890. National Library. p. 1. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
  36. Cooper, G. S. (1887). The General Election, 1887. National Library. p. 2. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
  37. "Declaring the Poll at Waipawa". Hawke's Bay Herald. XXII (7861). 30 September 1887. p. 3. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
  38. Cooper, G. S. (1884). The General Election, 1884. National Library. p. 1. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
  39. Cooper, G. S. (1882). Votes Recorded for Each Candidate. Government Printer. p. 2. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
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gollark: It's terminated by a combination of a NUL and length thing.
gollark: I was lying to you. Muahahahahaha.
gollark: It's not exactly null terminated, you just have a NUL which may not be at the end but represents a position.
gollark: It has a NUL and a length prefix thing, but you have to read both of them to know how long it actually is.

References
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