Glory to Hong Kong

"Glory to Hong Kong" is a march, which was composed and written by a musician under the pseudonym "Thomas dgx yhl", with the contribution of a group of Hongkonger netizens from online forum LIHKG during the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests. It was initially written in Cantonese and was eventually developed into various language versions. It has been widely adopted as the anthem of these protests, with some even regarding it as the "national anthem of Hong Kong".[2][3]

"願榮光歸香港"
"Glory to Hong Kong"
Song
LanguageCantonese
English
WrittenJune–August 2019
Published31 August 2019
Recorded28–29 August 2019
Genre
Length1:45
Composer(s)Thomas dgx yhl
Lyricist(s)
  • Thomas dgx yhl
  • public netizens on LIHKG
External video
"Glory to Hong Kong" on YouTube
"Glory to Hong Kong" official English version on YouTube
"Glory to Hong Kong" orchestra and chorus edition on YouTube
Glory to Hong Kong
Traditional Chinese願榮光歸香港
Simplified Chinese愿荣光归香港
Literal meaningMay Glory Return to Hong Kong

Since widespread protests in Hong Kong erupted in early June 2019, various songs that symbolise democracy, such as "Do You Hear The People Sing" from Les Misérables, have been sung by protesters on different occasions as their anthems.[4] "Glory to Hong Kong", according to the composer, was created "to boost protesters' morale and unite people".[5] Since the song's publication, it has been sung at most demonstrations. There are also numerous versions in English and other languages circulating the web.[6]

Background

Thomas, a music composer and Cantonese-language lyricist, first posted an instrumental version of "Glory to Hong Kong" and its lyrics on 26 August 2019 to LIHKG, an online forum where pro-democracy Hongkongers exchange views. After receiving suggestions from the forum users, he modified the lyrics, including the incorporation of the phrase "Liberate Hong Kong; revolution of our times" (Chinese: 光復香港，時代革命; Cantonese Yale: Gwōngfuhk hēunggóng, sìhdoih gaakmihng), a motto at the protests. The song's music video, comprising scenes from demonstrations, was uploaded to YouTube on 31 August 2019.[7] The song went viral within a few days across various social media, followed by the emergence of versions in English and other languages.[2][3][8] An orchestral music video with SATB chorus was uploaded to YouTube on 11 September 2019, pulling 1.5 million views within a week.[2][9] Hong Kong protesters previously sung "Do You Hear the People Sing?" and "Sing Hallelujah to the Lord" as protest anthems, before adopting "Glory to Hong Kong" as their main anthem.[3]

In an interview with Time magazine, the author-composer said: "Music is a tool for unity, I really felt like we needed a song to unite us and boost our morale. The message to listeners is that despite the unhappiness and uncertainty of our time, Hong Kong people will not surrender."[2] In an interview with Stand News, the composer explained his motivation to compose a new protest song for Hong Kong in place of songs commonly sung during protests such as "Boundless Oceans, Vast Skies" and "Glory Days", two songs by Hong Kong band Beyond, describing the songs as "not unpleasant to listen to", but that their rhythm was somewhat out of place with the atmosphere during protests. The composer said he was predominantly a pop rock artist, noting that a classical-style production like "Glory to Hong Kong" was a personal first. Inspired by "God Save the Queen", "The Star-Spangled Banner", the national anthem of Russia, the "Battle Hymn of the Republic" and "Gloria in Excelsis Deo" by Antonio Vivaldi, he spent two months composing the song's melody working backwards from the line “May people reign, proud and free”.[10][11]

The song was observed by some musical experts to have similar motives to Roman Tam's "Below the Lion Rock",[12] a Cantopop song highly regarded among Hong Kongers in association with the sense of the region's common spirit.

Origin of the title
Orchestra in black bloc playing the march Glory to Hong Kong[13]

The word "glory" (榮光) in the song title consists of the Chinese characters for honour (榮; wing4) and brilliance (光; gwong1).[14] The term has been used in poems by Li Bai and a prose by Lu Xun, in addition to being a common term used by Christians. The composer noted that he was irreligious, and described the last sentence "Glory be to Hong Kong" (Chinese: 我願榮光歸香港; lit.: 'I wish glory return to Hong Kong') as his twofold wish: that Hong Kong can regain its glory in the future, and that Hongkongers are willing to dedicate their pride and triumphs to the city.[10]

While this is largely an antiquated term in modern Chinese, it is still in common usage in modern Vietnamese (Vinh quang; 榮光), Japanese (栄光; eikō) and Korean (영광; 榮光; yeonggwang).[14]

Lyrics

"Glory to Hong Kong" comprises four stanzas of lyrics in Cantonese. The author states that he prioritised the meaning of the lyrics over the rhyming of lines,[10] and explains the meaning of each stanza as follows:

The first stanza solemnly describes the suppression and deprivation of fundamental human rights, such as democracy, liberty and justice.[10]

The second stanza describes the anti-ELAB movement, where the people stand up to injustice even though blood is shed. The solemness follows that in the first stanza.[10]

The third stanza describes the perseverance of Hong Kong people in darkness and despair. It is performed with slightly less solemn character.[10]

The final stanza, with the most recognisable motto "Liberate Hong Kong; revolution of our times" incorporated in the lyrics, envisages that the city will regain its glory and honour. It expresses hope for the future, ending the song with excitement.[10]

Other languages

Various versions of English lyrics have appeared online, with the most notable version from "Seven Swords Spring and Autumn" (literal translation from Chinese: 七劍浣春秋) on LIHKG on 7 September 2019.[15] Shek Ga-mak, a Hong Kong expatriate in Germany, released German lyrics for the song on 11 September 2019.[16] Japanese lyrics for the song were also released by an anonymous Japanese person on 18 September 2019.[17] Members of Action Free Hong Kong Montreal performed a French version written by netizen assuming pseudonym "Montreal Guy", which was uploaded to YouTube on 26 September 2019.[18][19] Pícnic per la República released and sung a Catalan version on 24 October 2019 in front of the Chinese Consulate of Barcelona.[20][21] A Taiwanese version was premiered by the indie band The Chairman during a solidarity concert in Taipei on 17 November 2019.[22]

Public use
People singing the song at Times Square, Causeway Bay[23]
Football fans singing the song during Hong Kong's match against Iran on 10 September
Around 1000 people singing the song "Glory to Hong Kong" in New Town Plaza[23]

The song has been sung on numerous occasions by citizens in the public all over the city.[24] 200 people participated in a sit-in at Prince Edward station on 6 September 2019, requesting MTR to hand over footage of the attacks on passengers conducted by police on 31 August; in addition to chanting slogans, the protesters sang this anthem and "Do You Hear the People Sing?".[25] A few hundred people sang the song together at Cityplaza on 9 September.[26] On 10 September, Hong Kong football supporters sang the song at a match for the first time during a FIFA World Cup qualification match against Iran, booing the Chinese anthem.[27] On the same night, the song was again publicly sung by large groups at more than a dozen shopping malls across Hong Kong at 8:31 pm, a reference to both the police attacks on 31 August and the 2014 NPCSC Decision on Hong Kong which was declared on 31 August 2014.[28][29] On 11 September, around 100 people sang the song together in a memorial meeting for a suicide victim held at Ka Shing Court in Fanling.[30] Around 500 students from 10 secondary schools in Kwun Tong District, Tseung Kwan O and Kowloon City District organized a human chain, in which they sang the song.[31] Around 1000 people sang the song in New Town Plaza together that night, with crowds of people singing the song in other shopping malls around Hong Kong as well.[23]

Reception

Robyn Dixon and Marcus Yam of Los Angeles Times described "Glory to Hong Kong" as having "a more indigenous, electric, unifying effect" when compared to songs that were previously used at the protests.[32] The march's Cantonese lyrics, in particular, affirms a sense of a collective cultural identity which is at the heart of the conflict.[1] The lyrics evokes a sense of pride and belonging to Hong Kongers who struggle for identity after the 1997 hand-over to China.[33] The hymn-like composition was also seen as "supremely approachable" to the populace who were accustomed to the Christian music tradition introduced by the region's British and missionary-influenced educational system.[11]

The Chinese edition of Deutsche Welle named "Glory to Hong Kong" the "anthem" of the Hong Kong protests.[34] The Chinese edition of Voice of America describes the lyrics of the song as reflecting the heartfelt views of protestors.[35] Taiwanese newspaper Liberty Times described the song as "the military march of protesters" (Chinese: 抗爭者軍歌), singing their anxiety towards Hong Kong's political situation, as well as an "unrelenting revolutionary spirit".[36] Describing the song, Chinese Television System News noted that the song had "peaceful vocals coupled with scenes of bloody conflicts between Hong Kong Police and the people" and that by creating "Glory to Hong Kong", Hongkongers recorded their "history of struggling for democracy and freedom".[37] Chow Po-chung, a professor of politics and public administration at the Chinese University of Hong Kong noted that the song's melody and lyrics resonated with many people and united protesters, leading to many people developing great "attachment" to the song.[38] Former President of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong Jasper Tsang praised the song as a high-quality technical production, believing it to be produced by professional musicians. He said that the song shows that the government's efforts at promotion have been weak.[39]

Wen Wei Po, a state-owned newspaper controlled by the Hong Kong Liaison Office, published an article on its front page on 12 September, criticising the song as the anthem for Hong Kong independence, and that the lyrics idealize violence. The title of the article 獨歌洗腦，煽走獨路 may be translated as "independence song brainwashes, touting independence as the route [for Hong Kong]", though "independence" may be treated as a pun for "poison" in this context due to its Chinese pronunciation.[38] Carmen Poon published an article in Ming Pao on 13 September entitled "the brainwashing song that trumpets Hong Kong independence" (Chinese: 鼓吹港獨的洗腦歌), in which she describes the "elegant lyrics" of the song as "advocating hate", and that "seeds of violence and hatred have been sown into the brainwashing song, causing people to inadvertently dance to its baton and commit bad behaviour".[40][41]

The song has been described as the unofficial anthem of Hong Kong, and some protesters stated they felt that "Glory to Hong Kong" should replace the Chinese national anthem "March of the Volunteers" as the national anthem of Hong Kong;[42][3] to which, the composer insisted that the song can only be a protest song: "There is no nation. How can there be a national anthem?"[43] On the other hand, an opinion piece by Brian C. Thompson, a Chinese University of Hong Kong senior lecturer, for The Globe and Mail argues that despite only a "few" minority of the protesters are demanding for a separate state, the march is used as a thematic anthem representing the collective demands of the Hong Kong people – which are also considered "a nation [...]. A state may be home to multiple nations..." – therefore the march can still be regarded as "national" in nature.[1]

There were also slight criticism with how the march was made in terms of musical theory - its lyrics were seen in a professional sense as "clumsy" and its melodic range not only "too wide for most amateur singers" to which its lyrics' spoken tones are not synched by.[11][12]

The song has gained a huge popularity in Ukraine, as for the result of the song's name and slogan was inspired by the traditional Ukrainian slogan "Слава Україні! Героям слава!" (Glory to Ukraine! Glory to the heroes!)[44] The Hong Kong's slogan version was also used by Ukrainian protesters in solidarity with the Hong Kong protesters.[45]

Controversies

Anita Lee, a host of Vancouver-based Chinese-language radio station CJVB, received complaints from local Chinese residents after playing "Glory to Hong Kong" live on radio. She rejected rumours that she was suspended, whilst refusing to comment further.[46]

Apple Daily published an article on 15 September, quoting RTHK staff who claimed to have received a notice from their managers on 12 September which told them not to play the song outside of news and phone-in programmes for the needs of "news broadcasting" due to its ties with Hong Kong independence. The article also quoted that the song should be deleted from recordings of shows where previously played, due to an alleged violation of the RTHK Charter which states that RTHK should fulfil the purpose of "engendering a sense of citizenship and national identity through programmes that contribute to the understanding of [Hong Kong's] community and nation". After holding meetings with employees, Director of Broadcasting Leung Ka-wing instead said that the song was to be avoided due to its controversial nature. Responding to the newspaper's enquiry, Ng Man-yee of RTHK responded that its management has not banned "Glory to Hong Kong", has not deleted the song from its database, and as far as she knows, has not discouraged playing the song.[47]

Lai Rifu, a Weiquan dissident, was arrested by Guangzhou police for picking quarrels and provoking trouble on 16 September. On 13 September, Lai had shared a video to WeChat and Facebook, which showed scenery around his home town and used the song as its background music, with the caption "This is my homeland, I want her to be free!"[48][49][50] On 18 September, around 20 pro-democracy activists, including Civic Party legislator Kwok Ka-ki, Civil Human Rights Front convener Jimmy Sham and members of the League of Social Democrats rallied to the Hong Kong Liaison Office, demanding the release of Lai. The activists chanted slogans and sang the song outside the Liaison Office's entrance.[51][52]

On 12 September, a video titled "Glory to Hong Kong (Police Version MV)" (Chinese: 《願榮光歸香港》警察版MV) appeared on YouTube. It uses the original song and lyrics in audio, paired with scenes of Hong Kong Police using tear gas and other crowd-control weapons on protesters. On the screen, however, the lyrics "Revolution of our Times" were replaced with "Mission of the Police". Since being uploaded, this MV had received criticism from netizens which were removed later that night. Timelapse photographer Francis So condemned the MV on his Facebook page, stating that the timelapse of the night view of Hong Kong near the end of the video infringes his copyright. Cable TV also made a statement regarding clips from i-CABLE News used in the video, saying that they would retain the right to pursue all copyright infringements.[53][54]

Following this incident, another video titled "May Truth be Bestowed Upon Hong Kong" (Chinese: 願真理救香港) appeared. It used the instrumentals of "Glory to Hong Kong", but lyrics were rewritten by someone under the pseudonym "a person who loves Hong Kong" (Chinese: 愛港的人) to praise the Hong Kong Police Force and to fight against "rioters". Lin Xi made a remark stating that the use of instrumentals from the original "did not give a sense of violation, and was like a match made in heaven". He opined that the problem was the definition of "rioters, whether they were those who abused their power to arrest and beat up people or the powerless force that was attempting to fight back".[55] This MV was reuploaded to Sina Weibo by various Chinese communist official organisations, such as the People's Daily and the Communist Youth League.[56][57]

On 28 September, the fifth anniversary of the Umbrella Movement, a YouTube channel named "Channel Me" uploaded a video titled "Peace Upon Hong Kong" (Chinese: 願平安歸香港). It was a video spoof of the orchestral MV of "Glory to Hong Kong" by Black Blorchestra. It was also re-uploaded to other social media, including Junius Ho's Facebook page. All uploads of this song were later blocked by Content ID claims by Denise Ho's label Goomusic.[58]

Following the enactment of Hong Kong national security law, some phrases in this song (particularly references to protest chant liberate Hong Kong, the revolution of our times) were deemed "separatist and subversive" by the government, thus illegal under Hong Kong law.

gollark: The energy's got to go SOMEWHERE.
gollark: A few grams of antimatter spaghetti could probably wipe out a city.
gollark: And tasty exotic particles.
gollark: Antifood will mutually annihilate with other matter and produce gamma rays.
gollark: Antispaghetti: the last cooking tool you'll ever need!

See also

References
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