German Party (Slovakia)

The German Party (German: Deutsche Partei, abbreviated DP) was a Nazi political party active amongst the German minority in Slovakia from 1938 to 1945.[1][2]

German Party Deutsche Partei
Volksgruppeführer	Franz Karmasin
Founded	October 8, 1938 (1938-10-08)
Dissolved	1945
Preceded by	Carpathian German Party
Newspaper	Grenzebote, Deutsche Stimmen
Youth wing	German Youth
Paramilitary wing	Freiwillige Schutzstaffel
Labour wing	Arbeitsfront der Volksdeutschen in der Slowakei
Membership (1940)	57,000 (claimed)
Ideology	Nazism
Slovak Landtag (1938)	2 / 63
Politics of Slovakia Political parties Elections

History

The party was formed on October 8, 1938, as a successor to the Carpathian German Party (KdP).[3][4] Franz Karmasin, a member of the Czechoslovak Chamber of Deputies, led the party, holding the title of Volksgruppeführer.[3] DP functioned as the referent in Slovakia for the German People's Group in Czecho-Slovakia (DVG), the successor organization of the Sudeten German Party founded on October 30, 1938.[3] The party published Grenzbote and Deutschen Stimmen from Bratislava.[2]

Organizationally, DP was modelled after the NSDAP in Germany, following the Führer principle.[4][5] It used the swastika as its symbol and Horst-Wessel-Lied as its anthem.[4] The DP youth wing was known as 'German Youth' (Deutsche Jugend) and maintained a paramilitary wing called Freiwillige Schutzstaffel.[4] Politically DP strove to foster homogenous Carpathian German communities and to maintain a privileged position for the German community in Slovakia.[6] The party was closely aligned with German foreign policy.[6] The first article of the DP statutes from March 1, 1940 proclaimed that "the German Party [was] representative of the political will of the entire German population in Slovakia".[7] However, not all Germans in Slovakia were happy with the supposed unity party; DP faced resistance from followers of the pro-Hungarian Zipser German Party.[5]

On December 18, 1938, the German Party got two deputies elected to the Slovak Landtag on the unity list of the Hlinka Slovak People's Party – Party of Slovak National Unity (HSĽS-SSNJ); Karmasin and Josef Steinhübl.[2][4] In March 1940 the DP politician Sigmund Keil became a member of the Landtag, replacing Gejza Rehák.[2] On November 20, 1941, a fourth DP politician became a Landtag member, as Dr. Adalbert Gabriel was appointed by presidential decree to represent the German community.[2]

By 1940 DP claimed to have 57,000 members organized in 120 local groups.[8] It folded in 1945.[2][9]

References

1. Europa Ethnica. 17. W. Braumüller. 1943. p. 159.
2. Mads Ole Balling (1991). Von Reval bis Bukarest: Ungarn, Jugoslawien, Rumänien, Slowakei, Karpatenukraine, Kroatien, Memelländischer Landtag, Schlesischer Landtag, komparative Analyse, Quellen und Literatur, Register (in German). Dokumentation Verlag. pp. 662, 665. ISBN 978-87-983829-5-9.
3. Mads Ole Balling (1991). Von Reval bis Bukarest: Einleitung, Systematik, Quellen und Methoden, Estland, Lettland, Litauen, Polen, Tschechoslowakei (in German). Dokumentation Verlag. pp. 283–84. ISBN 978-87-983829-3-5.
4. Josef Spetko (1991). Die Slowakei: Heimat der Völker (in German). Amalthea. p. 91. ISBN 978-3-85002-306-1.
5. Jürgen Zarusky (15 May 2013). Das Münchener Abkommen von 1938 in europäischer Perspektive: Eine Gemeinschaftspublikation des Instituts für Zeitgeschichte München-Berlin und des Collegium Carolinum (in German). Oldenbourg Verlag. p. 401. ISBN 978-3-486-70417-4.
6. Michael Fahlbusch; Ingo Haar (30 January 2005). German Scholars and Ethnic Cleansing, 1919–1945. Berghahn Books. p. 100. ISBN 978-0-85745-705-9.
7. David Schriffl (2004). Die Rolle Wiens im Prozess der Staatswerdung der Slowakei 1938/39 (in German). Peter Lang. p. 25. ISBN 978-3-631-52752-8.
8. Immo Eberl; Konrad G. Gündisch (1987). Die Donauschwaben. Jan Thorbecke Verlag. p. 165.
9. Július Bartl (January 2002). Slovak History: Chronology & Lexicon. Bolchazy-Carducci. p. 137. ISBN 978-0-86516-444-4.