France Télévisions

France Télévisions (French pronunciation: ​[fʁɑ̃s televizjɔ̃]) (stylized as france·tv) is the French public national television broadcaster. It is a state-owned company formed from the integration of the public television channels France 2 (formerly Antenne 2) and France 3 (formerly France Régions 3), later joined by the legally independent channels France 5 (formerly La Cinquième), France Ô (formerly RFO Sat), and France 4 (formerly Festival).

France Télévisions
Société anonyme
IndustryPublic broadcasting
Founded7 September 1992 (1992-09-07) (as France Télévision without "s")
1 August 2000 (2000-08-01) (as France Télévisions SA)
FounderJack Lang 
HeadquartersFrance Télévisions
7, esplanade Henri de France
75015 Paris
Key people
Delphine Ernotte (Chairman)
Patrice Duhamel (COO)
Products
Services
Revenue €3.087 billion (2018)[1]
€−89.3 million (2018)[1]
Total assets €444.5 million (2018)[1]
OwnerGovernment of France
Number of employees
11,400
Subsidiariesfrance·tv sport
Websitewww.france.tv
www.francetvinfo.fr

France Télévisions is currently funded by the revenue from television licence fees and commercial advertising. The new law on public broadcasting will phase out commercial advertising on the public television channels (at first in the evening, then gradually throughout the day).

France Télévisions is a supporter of the Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV (HbbTV) initiative that is promoting and establishing an open European standard for hybrid set-top boxes for the reception of broadcast TV and broadband multimedia applications with a single user interface, and has selected HbbTV for its interactive news, sports and weather service, and plans to add catch-up TV and social media sharing capability.[2]

History

From 1964 to 1974, French radio and television was monopolized through an organization known as the Office de Radiodiffusion Télévision Française. In an effort to stimulate competition, the organization was split in 1975 so that the France's three television channels—TF1, Antenne 2, and FR3, would still be owned by the French government, but be operated independently from each other. However, the privatization of TF1 in 1987 and increased competition from other new private broadcasters (such as Canal+ and La Cinq, the latter having been replaced by public channel La Cinquième after it ceased transmissions in April 1992) led to a decline in viewership for the two remaining public channels, which lost 30% of their market share between 1987 and 1989.[3][4] The channels were however saved when a single director-general was appointed to manage both Antenne 2 and FR3, becoming part of a joint entity known as France Télévision. They were renamed in 1992 as France 2 and France 3 respectively.[5]

In August 2000, France Télévisions S.A. was formed as a holding company for France's public television channels, absorbing control of France 2, France 3, and La Cinquième (later renamed France 5). In 2004, Réseau France Outre-mer was absorbed by France Télévisions. Beginning in 2008, the President of France took the duty of naming the presidents for the French public broadcasters; they were previously nominated by the Conseil supérieur de l'audiovisuel.

Branding

Logos
  • Logo of France Télévision from 7 September 1992 to 7 January 2002
  • Logo of France Télévisions from 7 January 2002 to 7 April 2008
  • Logo of France Télévisions from 7 April 2008 to 5 September 2011
  • Logo of France Télévisions from 5 September 2011 to 27 October 2012
  • Logo of France Télévisions from 27 October 2012 to 29 January 2018
  • Logo of France Télévisions from 29 January 2018

Slogans
  • "Ça fait du bien quand ça s'allume" and "Aucune hésitation, c'est France Télévision" (1992)
  • "Donnons de l’imagination à nos images" (May 2001)[6]
  • "Vous avez tous les choix" (September 2006)[7]
  • "Le choix de la différence" (August 2008)[8]
  • "Créer pour partager" (September 2011)[9]
  • "Bien différents, bien ensemble" (September 2012)
  • "Plus rien ne se fera sans vous" (2018)

Channels

National
  • France 2 - The company's primary channel with the second largest viewing audience.
  • France 3 - The company's secondary channel, consisting of a network of regional stations.
  • France 4 - Available only on digital television. Previously named "Festival", and specializing in theatre, opera and French-language and other European originated drama, it is a channel for young adults (similar to, now online, UK Channel BBC Three: sports, sitcom, arts, music and entertainment).
  • France 5 - Focuses on societal issues (health, education, politics...) with talk-shows and culture with documentary films.
  • 1ère - A network of radio and television stations operating in French overseas departments and territories around the world (formerly known as RFO - Réseau France Outre-mer, Outre-mer 1ère).
  • France Ô - 1ère's satellite channel, featuring only programming from 1ère's regions and now broadcast in France on a national scale by Télévision Numérique Terrestre.
  • France Info - Non-stop news channel, with support from Radio France, France Médias Monde and Institut national de l'audiovisuel.

Thematic

France Télévisions has an interest in a number of thematic cable/satellite channels in France:

Channel France Télévisions Indirect Interest Other Interest
Gulli 34% 66% M6 Group
Mezzo 20% 20% France Télémusique 60% Lagardère Active
Planète Thalassa 34% 66% MultiThématiques (Canal+ Group)
Planète Justice 34% 66% MultiThématiques (Canal+ Group)

France Télévisions holds 100% of France Télémusique SAS.

The thematic channel Planète Juniors (formerly Ma Planète) ceased operations in March 2009.

International
Channel France Télévisions Indirect Interest Other Interest
TV5Monde 12.58% 3.29% Arte France Médias Monde 49%, RTS 11.11%, RTBF 11.11%, CBC/Radio-Canada 6.67%, Télé-Québec 4.44%, INA 1.74%
Euronews
(through Euronews SA)		 24.05% 21.65% RAI - 18.81% RTVE - 16.06% RTR - 9.20% SSR - 10.23% other
Arte 50.00% Arte France 50% ARTE Deutschland TV GmbH

France Télévisions holds 45% of the ARTE France holding company together with the French state (25%), Radio France (15%) and INA (15%). ARTE France and ARTE Deutschland form the ARTE Consortium that manages the bilingual French-German channel (ARTE shared its analogue channel with France 5, but both channels have separate full-time services on cable, satellite and digital broadcasts).

France Télévisions also controls the new R1 digital multiplex that currently hosts France 2, France 3, France 5, Arte and La Chaîne parlementaire. France 4 was originally on the R1 multiplex but was moved to R2 to allow space for regional channels on R1.

Subsidiaries
  • france.tv publicité - Advertising department of the group.
  • france.tv distribution - Edition and commercial distribution of the programs of the group's channels on DVD, Blu-ray and VOD.
  • france.tv studio - Production company composed of three labels :
    • france.tv access - Responsible for subtitling for deaf and hard of hearing of all the programs of the channels of the group (quality charter recognized by AFNOR).
    • france.tv doublage - Responsible for dubbing, audio description and subtitling of multilingual programs.
    • histodio - Creation of sound works.
  • France 2 Cinéma and France 3 Cinéma - Films production and support for French cinema.
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See also

References
  1. Rapport annuel 2018 - Volet financier. Issuu 19 July 2019. Retrieved 11 February 2020
  2. French Public Broadcaster Goes For HbbTV. Online Reporter 13 September 2011. Retrieved 27 March 2012
  3. Rollet, Brigitte. "Television in France", in Television in Europe, pp. 39–40. Eds. Coleman, James A.; Rollet, Brigitte. Intellect Books, 1997. ISBN 1-871516-92-7
  4. Rigourd, Serge. "France", in Western Broadcasting at the Dawn of the 21st Century, pp. 255, 270. Eds. Haenens, Leen; Saeys, Frieda. Walter de Gruyter, 2001. ISBN 3-11-017386-7
  5. Hart, Jeffrey A. Technology, Television, and Competition: The Politics of Digital TV, p. 46. Cambridge University Press, 2004. ISBN 0-521-82624-1
  6. "La société holding France Télévision (France 2, France 3 et La Cinquième) lance ..." www.telesatellite.com. Retrieved 28 June 2019.
  7. http://www.pressreader.com/france/le-journal-du-dimanche/20060903/282299610646741
  8. "France Télévisions veut faire entendre sa différence". 5 August 2008. Retrieved 28 June 2019 – via Le Monde.
  9. "Conf de rentrée, jour 3 : le show très froid de France Télévisions". ozap.com. Retrieved 28 June 2019.
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