Erdut

Erdut (Croatian pronunciation: [ěrduːt]; Serbian Cyrillic: Ердут; Hungarian: Erdőd [ˈɛrdøːd], German: Erdung) is a village and a municipality in eastern Croatia, located some 37 km east of the major city of Osijek, lying on the border with neighbouring Serbia. The village of Erdut administratively belongs to the eponymous municipality and is the third largest settlement in the municipality. The municipality contains three other villages: Aljmaš, Bijelo Brdo and Dalj and it is part of the Osijek-Baranja County in eastern Slavonia. Municipal institutions are physically located in the largest village of Dalj.

Erdut

Ердут (Serbian)[1]
Municipality
Municipality of Erdut
Općina Erdut
Danube river in Erdut
Coat of arms
Erdut
Location of Erdut in Croatia
Coordinates: 45°32′N 19°04′E
Country Croatia
RegionSlavonia (Podunavlje)
County Osijek-Baranja
Government
 • Municipal mayorJugoslav Vesić (SDSS)
Area
 • Total159.16 km2 (61.45 sq mi)
Elevation
158 m (518 ft)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total7,308
 • Density46/km2 (120/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal codes
31204 Bijelo Brdo
31205 Aljmaš
31206 Erdut
31226 Dalj
Area code(s)031
Official languagesCroatian, Serbian[1]
Websitewww.opcina-erdut.hr

Name and languages

The name Erdut comes from the local Hungarian name (Erdőd) meaning "forest road".[3] In other languages, the village in German is known as Erdung and in Serbian as Ердут.

Due to the local minority population, the Erdut municipality prescribe the use of not only Croatian as the official language, but the Serbian language and Serbian Cyrillic alphabet as well.[4]

Geography

The municipality has a total area of 158 km2[5] (61 sq mi) and is the largest member municipality of Joint Council of Municipalities. The Drava (5.6 km[5]) and Danube (34.825 km[5]) rivers flow through the municipality. The territory of the municipality is completely flat very fertile black soil. The elevation of the village of Erdut is 158 m. It is located at the end of the D213 road near border crossing with Serbia. The railway station is located in Novi Erdut (New Erdut) hamlet, about 1 km south of the village, on the Vukovar-Erdut-Bogojevo (Serbia) railway

There are 4 villages in municipality:[5]

Settlement population
Aljmaš 610
Bijelo Brdo 1,976
Dalj 3,952
Erdut 818

History

The settlement was first mentioned in 1335 under the Hungarian name Erdöd and then as a city in 1472.[3] It was successively ruled by Ottoman Empire, Austrian Empire, Austria-Hungary, Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Independent State of Croatia and Yugoslavia.

Croatian War of Independence

When Croatia declared independence from Yugoslavia in 1991, eastern Slavonia was soon overrun by the Yugoslav People's Army and Serb paramilitaries, led by the notorious warlord, Željko Ražnatović known by the name Arkan.[6] The battle for Erdut quickly ended that summer as the entire Croatian population was expelled or killed along with other minorities including Czechs, Germans, Hungarians, Ruthenians and Ukrainians in an act of ethnic cleansing.[7] Their homes were soon occupied by other Serbs.[7] Many buildings and homes were destroyed, including the Roman Catholic Church.[7]

Arkan soon set up a training camp for his Serb Volunteer Guard in Erdut, which became headquarters until the end of the war, when Croatian forces returned according to a peaceful Basic Agreement on the Region of Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium.

Erdut Agreement
Main article: Erdut Agreement

On November 12, 1995, officials signed what is commonly called the Erdut Agreement[8] in which the part of eastern Slavonia still occupied by Serbs would be integrated back into Croatia, gradually allowing some of the exiled refugees to return to their homes. This agreement was the basis for the establishment of Joint Council of Municipalities.[8] Erdut has been under Croatian control since 1998.[9]

Demographics
Historical population
of Erdut municipality
YearPop.±%
1880 9,421—    
1890 10,451+10.9%
1900 10,904+4.3%
1910 11,373+4.3%
1921 10,543−7.3%
1931 10,976+4.1%
1948 10,177−7.3%
1953 10,324+1.4%
1961 11,440+10.8%
1971 11,353−0.8%
1981 11,035−2.8%
1991 10,197−7.6%
2001 8,417−17.5%
2011 7,308−13.2%
Source: Naselja i stanovništvo Republike Hrvatske 1857–2001, DZS, Zagreb, 2005

Population

The municipality population is 7,308 (census 2011), with 805 people in Erdut itself, 3,937 in Dalj, 1,961 in Bijelo Brdo and 605 in Aljmaš.[10] The municipality population consists of Serbs (55%), Croats (38%) and Hungarians (5%).[11]

Religion

Dalj is seat of the Eparchy of Osječko polje and Baranja of the Serbian Orthodox Church.

Politics

Joint Council of Municipalities

The Municipality of Erdut is one of seven Serb majority member municipalities within the Joint Council of Municipalities, inter-municipal sui generis organization of ethnic Serb community in eastern Croatia established on the basis of Erdut Agreement. As Serb community constitute majority of the population of the municipality it is represented by 2 delegated Councillors at the Assembly of the Joint Council of Municipalities, double the number of Councilors to the number from Serb minority municipalities in Eastern Croatia.[12]

Municipality government

The municipality assembly is composed of 13 representatives. As of 2009, the member parties/lists are:[13]

  Party Number of votes Number of seats
  Independent Democratic Serb Party 1.688 8
  Croatian Democratic Alliance of Slavonia and Baranja 843 4
  Croatian Democratic Union 380 1
  Croatian Peasant Party 157 0
  Social Democratic Party of Croatia 149 0
  Independent list-Stevo Vujaklija 129 0
  Independent list-Mijo Nemet 67 0

Economy

Erdut development index is between 50-76% of the Croatian average,[14] and is underdeveloped municipality which is statistically classified as the First Category Area of Special State Concern by the Government of Croatia.[15]

Culture

Points of Interest
Erdut Castle
Serbian Orthodox Eparchy of Osječko polje and Baranja in Dalj

The municipality is home of Eparchy of Osječko polje and Baranja, and there is also Erdut Castle.

Notable natives and residents
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See also

References
  1. Government of Croatia (October 2013). "Peto izvješće Republike Hrvatske o primjeni Europske povelje o regionalnim ili manjinskim jezicima" (PDF) (in Croatian). Council of Europe. p. 36. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
  2. "Općine na područjima posebne državne skrbi Republike Hrvatske" (PDF). Croatian Chamber of Economy. Retrieved 15 April 2020.
  3. "Erdut | Općina Erdut". Opcina-erdut.hr. Retrieved 2014-01-31.
  4. Izvješće o provođenju ustavnog zakona o pravima nacionalnih manjina i o utošku sredstava osiguranih u državnom proračunu Republike Hrvatske za 2008. godinu za potrebe nacionalnih manjina, Zagreb, 2009.
  5. "Povrsina, stanovnistvo, naseljenost" (PDF). Opcina-erdut.hr. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-06-22. Retrieved 2014-02-21.
  6. "Transcript". Slobodan-milosevic.org. 2004-01-13. Retrieved 2014-01-31.
  7. The New York Times; May 10, 1992
  8. "Peace Agreements Digital Collection" (PDF). Usip.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-12-25. Retrieved 2014-02-21.
  9. "The Thorny Issue of Ethnic Autonomy in Croatia" (PDF). Ecmi.de. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-03-02. Retrieved 2014-02-21.
  10. "Population by Age and Sex, by Settlements, 2011 Census: Erdut". Census of Population, Households and Dwellings 2011. Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. December 2012.
  11. "Population by Ethnicity, by Towns/Municipalities, 2011 Census: County of Osijek-Baranja". Census of Population, Households and Dwellings 2011. Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. December 2012.
  12. "Konstituisan 6. saziv Zajedničkog veća opština l" (in Serbian). Zagreb: Privrednik. 1 August 2017.
  13. "Informacija o rezultatima izbora članova predstavničkih tijela jedinica lokalne i područne (regionalne) samouprave" (PDF). Retrieved 2013-04-03.
  14. "Odluka o razvrstavanju jedinica lokalne i područne (regionalne) samouprave prema stupnju razvijenosti" (in Croatian). 27 December 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2015.
  15. Lovrinčević, Željko; Davor, Mikulić; Budak, Jelena (June 2004). "AREAS OF SPECIAL STATE CONCERN IN CROATIA- REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT DIFFERENCES AND THE DEMOGRAPHIC AND EDUCATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS". Ekonomski pregled, Vol.55 No.5-6. Archived from the original on 18 August 2018. Retrieved 25 August 2018.
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