Empress Xiaochengren

Empress Xiaochengren
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese	孝誠仁皇后
Simplified Chinese	孝诚仁皇后
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Xiàochéngrén Huánghòu
Manchu name
Manchu script	ᡥᡳᠶᠣᠣᡧᡠᠩᡤᠠ; ᡠᠨᡝᠩᡤᡳ; ᡤᠣᠰᡳᠨ; ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡥᡝᠣ
Romanization	hiyoošungga unenggi gosin hūwangheo

Posthumous name
	Empress Xiaocheng Gongsu Zhenghui Anhe Shuyi Kemin Litian Xiangsheng Ren; (孝誠恭肅正惠安和淑懿恪敏儷天襄聖仁皇后; 孝诚恭肃正惠安和淑懿恪敏俪天襄圣仁皇后)

Empress Xiaochengren
Empress Xiaochengren
Empress consort of Qing
Tenure	October/November 1665 – 6 June 1674
Predecessor	Empress Xiaohuizhang
Successor	Empress Xiaozhaoren
Born	3 February 1654; (順治十年十二月十七日)
Died	6 June 1674 (aged 20); (康熙十三年五月三日); Palace of Earthly Tranquility
Burial	Jing Mausoleum, Eastern Qing tombs
Spouse	Kangxi Emperor (m. 1665⁠–⁠1674)
Issue	Chenghu; Yunreng, Prince Limi of the First Rank
Posthumous name
	Empress Xiaocheng Gongsu Zhenghui Anhe Shuyi Kemin Litian Xiangsheng Ren; (孝誠恭肅正惠安和淑懿恪敏儷天襄聖仁皇后; 孝诚恭肃正惠安和淑懿恪敏俪天襄圣仁皇后)
House	Hešeri (赫舍裡; by birth); Aisin Gioro (by marriage)

Empress Xiaochengren (3 February 1654 – 6 June 1674), of the Manchu Plain Yellow Banner Hešeri clan, was a consort of the Kangxi Emperor.

Life

Family background

Empress Xiaochengren's personal name was not recorded in history.

Father: Gabula (d.1681), served as a first rank military official (領侍衛內大臣), and held the title of a first class duke (一等公)
- Paternal grandfather: Sonin (1601–1667), served as one of the Four Regents of the Kangxi Emperor, and held the title of a first class duke (一等公)
- Third paternal uncle: Songgotu (1636–1703)
- Fifth paternal uncle: Xinyu, held the title of a first class earl (一等伯)
- Sixth paternal uncle: Fabao, held the title of a first class duke (一等公)
Three younger brothers
- Second younger brother: Changtai, served as a first rank military official, and held the title of a first class duke.
chengThree sisters
- younger sister: Consort Ping (d.1696)

Lady Hešeri's grandfather, Sonin (索尼; 1601-1667), served as one of the Four Regents of the Kangxi Emperor, and held the title of first class duke. Her father, Gabula (噶布喇; d.1681), served as a military general and also held a title of duke. One of her aunt married with the grandson of Nurhaci, Yolo (岳樂; 1625-1689), Prince of the first rank (和碩安親王); another aunt married with the grandson of Nurhaci, the son of Dodo (多鐸), Cani (察尼; 1640-1688), Prince of the third rank (多羅貝勒).

Shunzhi era

The future Empress Xiaochengren was born on the 17th day of the 12th lunar month in the tenth year of the reign of the Shunzhi Emperor, which translates to 3 February 1654 in the Gregorian calendar.

Kangxi era

In October or November 1665, Lady Hešeri married the Kangxi Emperor and became his Empress because her powerful family could help the emperor on his rules. Although it was a purely political marriage, the Kangxi Emperor was very fond of the Empress. On 4 January 1670, she gave birth to a son, Chenghu, who would die prematurely on 3 March 1672. The death of Prince Chenghu hit Lady Hešeri very much, and she became very sick. The Emperor who was staying in Chicheng heard that Lady Hešeri was seriously ill, and he set off for Beijing immediately to take care of Lady Hešeri. After Lady Hešeri recovered, she became pregnant again.

Lady Hešeri died on 6 June 1674 shortly after giving birth to the emperor's second son, Yunreng. The emperor was extremely sad about Lady Hešeri's death, so he made her son the Crown Prince. After her death, the Kangxi Emperor left the position of Empress vacant for about three years before instating one of his consorts, Lady Niohuru, as Empress, on 18 September 1677.

Titles

During the reign of the Shunzhi Emperor (r. 1643–1661):
- Lady Hešeri (from 3 February 1654)
During the reign of the Kangxi Emperor (r. 1661–1722):
- Empress (皇后; from October/November 1665[1])
- Empress Renxiao (仁孝皇后; from 1674)
During the reign of the Yongzheng Emperor (r. 1722–1735):
- Empress Xiaochengren (孝誠仁皇后; from July 1723[2])

Issue

As Empress:
- Chenghu (承祜 (嫡长子); 4 January 1670 – 3 March 1672), the Kangxi Emperor's second son
- Yunreng (允礽 (嫡次子); 6 June 1674 – 27 January 1725), the Kangxi Emperor's seventh (second) son, Crown Prince for his lifetime, posthumously honoured as Prince Limi of the First Rank

In fiction and popular culture

Portrayed by Li Chentao in Kangxi Dynasty (2001)
Portrayed by Zhou Jia in Huang Taizi Mishi (2004)
Portrayed by Chae Rim in Secret History of Kangxi (2006)
Portrayed by Maggie Shiu in Palace (2011)
Portrayed by Zhang Weina in Legend of Dragon Pearl (2017)

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Notes

康熙四年九月
雍正元年六月

References

Spence, Jonathan D. (2012). Emperor of China: Self-Portrait of K'ang-Hsi (Unabridged ed.). Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 0307823067.
Zhao, Erxun (1928). Draft History of Qing (Qing Shi Gao) (in Chinese).

Chinese royalty
Preceded by Consort Donggo (Posthumous, Empress Xiaohuizhang actual predecessor)	Empress of China 1665 – 6 June 1674	Succeeded by Empress Xiaozhaoren

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[1] 康熙四年九月

[2] 雍正元年六月