Songgotu

Songgotu (Manchu: ; simplified Chinese: 索额图; traditional Chinese: 索額圖; pinyin: Suǒ'étú; 1636 – 1703) was a minister during the reign of the Kangxi Emperor in the Qing Dynasty. He was an uncle of the emperor's primary spouse, Empress Xiaochengren of the Hešeri clan, who died during childbirth. He was also the son of Sonin, one of the four regents appointed to assist the young Kangxi Emperor during his minority. As Empress Xiaochengren's paternal uncle, he was also therefore, the great-uncle of Yinreng, who was crown prince throughout most of the Kangxi Emperor's reign. Songgotu did not inherited the noble title First-class Duke or First-class Earl from his father Sonin because his mother was not the primary consort, therefore, he had the lowest status of his brothers. His sixth brother and fifth brother inherited the noble titles First-class Duke and First-class Count. His oldest brother, Gabula, was Empress Xiaochengren's father, and he also had the noble title First-class Duke.

This name uses Manchu naming customs. The given name is Songgotu, it should be used solely or with titles but not with the clan name Hešeri.

Songgotu
Deliberative Councilor of Minister
In office 1680–1683
Grand Secretary of the Baohe Hall
In office 1670–1680
Personal details
Born	1636
Died	1703 (aged 66–67)
Father	Sonin

Songgotu helped the young Kangxi Emperor depose Oboi, a regent during the reign of the young emperor. Gradually, Songgotu gained more power and became one of the most prominent officials under Kangxi. He was involved in a long power struggle with Mingju, another leading official at Kangxi's court. He also acted as a diplomat and signed the Treaty of Nerchinsk with Russia.

During Kangxi's expedition against Dzungar khan Galdan, Songgotu advocated for a withdrawal, but was reprimanded by the emperor for suggesting such a strategy. Songgotu was later implicated in the heir-apparent crisis, and he was imprisoned until death. Kangxi rescinded recognition for all of Songgotu's achievements during the latter's life, with the sole exception of the Treaty with Russia.

In fiction

• The Deer and the Cauldron (鹿鼎記), a wuxia novel by Louis Cha. In the story, Songgotu was an aristocrat who befriended the protagonist Wei Xiaobao.

References

• Fang, Chao-ying (1943). "Songgotu". In Hummel Sr., Arthur W. (ed.). Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period. United States Government Printing Office.
• Spence, Jonathan. Emperor of China: Self-Portrait of K'ang-hsi. Jonathan Cape (1974) ISBN 0-224-00940-0.