Dunbar Hospital

The Dunbar Hospital was the first hospital for the black community in Detroit, Michigan. It is located at 580 Frederick Street, and is currently the administrative headquarters of the Detroit Medical Society. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.[1]

For the hospital in Scotland, see Dunbar Hospital, Thurso.

Dunbar Hospital
Allied Medical Society
Geography
Location	Michigan, United States
Organization
Funding	Non-profit hospital
Type	General
Services
Beds	27
History
Former name(s)	Parkside Hospital after 1928
Opened	1918
Closed	1962
Links
Lists	Hospitals in Michigan
Dunbar Hospital
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
Michigan State Historic Site
Location	580 Frederick Street Detroit, Michigan
Coordinates	42°21′42″N 83°3′32″W
Built	1892
Architect	Guy W. Vinton
Architectural style	Romanesque Revival, Queen Anne
NRHP reference No.	79001172[1]
Significant dates
Added to NRHP	June 19, 1979
Designated MSHS	April 11, 1977

Building construction and description

The building housing the Dunbar Hospital was built in 1892 by the Guy W. Vinton Company as a home for real estate developer[2] Charles W. Warren.[3] The home was constructed in a fashionable 19th century residential district.[2]

The structure is a three-story home of mixed Romanesque Revival and Queen Anne style,[4] built of red brick and rough-cut ashlar.[3] The entrance is through a recessed, arched first-floor porch and the second story has a double-arch brick balcony. The roof is slate, with a bay-windowed gabled dormer surmounting the front façade.[3]

Founding of the Dunbar Hospital

In 1894, Dr. James W. Ames, a graduate of both Straight University and Howard University, arrived in Detroit after a stint of teaching in New Orleans.[5] He quickly became influential in both Detroit's white community and its then-small black community.[5] Detroit's mayor at the time was Hazen Pingree. During his subsequent re-election campaign, Pingree actively courted the black vote, in part by supporting Ames's bid for election to the Michigan state legislature.[5]

The nationally famous black poet Paul Laurence Dunbar, popular in both the black and white community, visited Detroit and lent his voice to those supporting Pingree, penning the poem, "Vote for Pingree and Vote for Bread."[5] Both Ames and Pingree won their respective elections, and Ames spent the next two years in the legislature. He was the last black elected until the 1920s.[5]

Two decades later, in the years following World War I, the black population of Detroit soared. In 1910, fewer than 6000 blacks called the city home;[5] in 1917 more than 30,000 blacks lived in Detroit.[2] The increase in black residents led to a crisis in health care. Hospitals were still segregated, and physicians like Ames were required to ask permission to admit black patients.[5] Often black patients were simply denied care.[2] The increase in the black population threatened to overwhelm the city's 30 black doctors.[2]

In 1918, Ames led the group of 30 black physicians to form the Allied Medical Society.[2] The area around Frederick street was at the cusp of becoming the center of social and cultural life for Detroit's black community,[3] and the AMS purchased the Warren home on Frederick[2] They opened their own non-profit hospital in the building, the first in the city to serve the black community, as well as an associated nursing school.[3] The hospital was named for the poet Dunbar, who had died in 1906.[5] The hospital had 27 beds and an operating room.[6]

Later history

In 1928, demand led Dunbar Hospital to move from its first home to a larger facility several blocks to the east.[2] The facility was renamed Parkside Hospital, and continued in operation until 1962.[3] Soon after Dunbar moved from its home on Frederick, Charles Diggs Sr., who was later the first African-American Democratic state senator, purchased the home.[3] Diggs's son, Charles C. Diggs Jr., served in the Michigan State Senate from 1951 to 1954 and the U.S. House of Representatives from 1954 to 1980. In 1978, the Detroit Medical Society (the successor to the Allied Medical Society[2]) purchased and restored the building. It now serves as their administrative headquarters and a museum.[3]

References

1. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. April 15, 2008.
2. Dunbar Hospital from the National Park Service
3. Dunbar Hospital Archived 2008-09-17 at the Wayback Machine from the state of Michigan
4. [Eric J. Hill, John Gallagher, and the American Institute of Architects Detroit Chapter,] AIA Detroit: The American Institute of Architects Guide to Detroit Architecture, Wayne State University Press, 2002, ISBN 0-8143-3120-3, p. 182
5. Vivian M. Baulch, Archived 2012-07-10 at Archive.today "How Detroit got its first black hospital," The Detroit News, November 28, 1995.
6. "Black-Owned and Operated Hospitals in the Detroit Metropolitan Area during the 20th Century," Archived 2008-07-05 at the Wayback Machine University of Michigan Medical School, Winter Newsletter 1998