Crime in Detroit

As of 2018, Detroit had the third highest murder rate among major cities in the United States after St. Louis and Baltimore and the 42nd highest murder rate in the world.[1][2] The rate of robberies in Detroit declined by 67% between 1985 and 2014 while the rate of aggravated assaults increased.[3] As a whole, however, the city's crime rate has decreased considerably from its 1980s peak in the 21st century.[4]

Detroit
Crime rates* (2017)
Violent crimes
Homicide48.2
Rape78.27
Robbery510.5
Aggravated assault1,117.1
Total violent crime1,749.5
Property crimes
Burglary1,154.9
Larceny-theft2,144.8
Motor vehicle theft770.3
Arson124.3
Total property crime4070.1
Notes

*Number of reported crimes per 100,000 population.


Source: FBI 2015 UCR data

In 2017, there were 267 murders in Detroit - down from 303 in 2016. The violent crime rate of 2,057 per 100,000 was the second highest in the nation after St. Louis and roughly ten times the average rate of the suburban counties of metro Detroit which had violent crime rates below the national average of 394 per 100,000.[5][6] In recent years some neighborhoods in the downtown area of Detroit have seen a significant decline in crime while the crime rate remains very high in most of the city and has a significant impact on daily life.[7]

Current status
See also: Planning and development in Detroit

The Detroit Police Department's Crime Analysis Unit has reported that crimes have dropped by 24 percent since the introduction of casino gaming to Detroit, Michigan.[8] The number of homicides peaked in 1974 at 714 and again in 1991 with 615. By the end of 2010, the homicide count fell to 308 for the year with an estimated population of just over 700,000, the lowest count and rate since 1967.[9][10] By 2012, however, the murder count had rebounded to 411, with 386 considered criminal homicides.[11] According to a 2007 analysis, Detroit officials noted that about 65 to 70 percent of homicides in the city were confined to a narcotics catalyst.[12] In 2013, Detroit's number of criminal homicides was 333, a reduction of 14% compared to 2012. However, taken in context by population, Detroit remains as a city with one of the highest homicide rates per capita in the United States.[13]

In April 2008, the city unveiled a $300-million stimulus plan to create jobs and revitalize neighborhoods, financed by city bonds and paid for by earmarking about 15% of the wagering tax.[14] The city's plans for revitalization include 7-Mile/Livernois, Brightmoor, East English Village, Grand River/Greenfield, North-End, and Osborn.[14][15] Private organizations have pledged substantial funding to neighborhood revitalization efforts.[16][17] One of the issues that is not as extreme as murders and crime, but shows system-wide decline of basic city services is a large number of stray dogs roaming the streets. Fifty-nine Detroit postal workers were attacked by stray dogs in 2010, according to a Detroit postmaster.[18]

The city had faced many cases of arson each year on Devil's Night, the evening before Halloween. In the 1980s a number of residents noted that they had turned to arson of abandoned homes to keep drug dealers from using the empty buildings. The majority of citizen arsonists were never prosecuted or charged. The Angel's Night campaign, launched in the late 1990s, draws many volunteers to patrol the streets during Halloween week. The effort reduced arson: while there were 810 fires set in 1984, this was reduced to 142 in 1996.[19] In recent years, fires on this three-night period have dropped even further. In 2009, the Detroit Fire Department reported 119 fires over this period, of which 91 were classified as suspected arsons.[20]

"Renaissance" has been the city's phrase for development since the 1970s. During the administration of Dennis Archer, who succeeded Coleman Young in 1994, Detroit saw middle-class residents moving into the city, and growth in residential and commercial development, despite overall population decline. The city has improved in the early 21st century, making use of increased funding from the state to demolish condemned buildings.[21]

According to arrest records, as of 2015 many of the customers of illegal drugs and sex in Detroit originate from the suburbs.[22] George Hunter of The Detroit News wrote that "Detroit's underground economy mirrors the legitimate one: Both rely heavily on suburban investment."[23] The largest number of suburbanites committing illegal acts go to areas of Detroit bordering suburbs.[23]

As of 2015 there is an element in Detroit culture against "snitching" or reporting criminal activity.[24]

Law and government
See also: Government of Detroit and Detroit Police Department
Former Detroit Police Headquarters at 1300 Beaubien.

In 2000, the city requested an investigation by the United States Justice Department into the Detroit Police Department which was concluded in 2003, following allegations regarding its use of force and civil rights violations.[25] From 2005 to 2006, the city proceeded with a large scale reorganization of the Detroit Police Department, reducing the number of precincts from twelve to six "districts." The stated purpose of this reorganization was to improve services. The reorganization and the city's search for a new police headquarters raised concerns within the Detroit Police Department which included overcrowding issues and increased response times.[26] Michigan and Detroit economic squeezes sustained re-organizational impetus. Then Police Chief Ella Bully-Cummings (now retired) reassigned sworn officers from desks to squad cars, consolidating and reducing the number of precincts.

In 2007, Detroit had been named the most dangerous city in the country by the Morgan Quitno report published by CQ Press Press, a private group whose report is denounced by the American Society of Criminology as an "irresponsible misuse" of crime data.[27] The U.S Conference of Mayors and the FBI have cautioned against using the Morgan Quitno – CQ Press report ranking cities as 'safest' or 'most dangerous'.[27][28]

Homicides per Year
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See also

References
  1. "List of cities by murder rate". seguridadjusticiaypaz.org.mx. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
  2. "The Most Dangerous Cities In The World". WorldAtlas.
  3. "Crime reported by Detroit Police Dept, Michigan". UCR data tool. Retrieved December 29, 2018.
  4. "Violent crime improving in Detroit". The Morning Sun. The Morning Sun. October 6, 2016. Retrieved June 25, 2018.
  5. "Detroit ranks as 2nd most violent big city". The Detroit News. Retrieved December 29, 2018.
  6. "United States". Crime Data Explorer. Retrieved December 29, 2018.
  7. "Coping with crime: Struggle persists in neighborhoods". Coping with crime: Struggle persists in neighborhoods. Retrieved December 29, 2018.
  8. Wilks, Jeff; Donna Pendergast & Peter Leggat (2006). Tourism in Turbulent Times: Toward Safe Experiences for Visitors. Elsevier. ISBN 0080446663., p. 103.
  9. Hunter, George (January 4, 2011). "Murders fell 15% in Detroit last year". The Detroit News. Retrieved July 11, 2015.
  10. Suzette Hackney; Gina Damron & Kristi Tanner-White (January 4, 2011). "Detroit homicides fall to lowest level since 1967". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved July 11, 2015.
  11. Sands, David (January 3, 2013). "Bing, Detroit Police Officials Reveal 2012 Homicide Statistics". Huffington Post. Retrieved July 11, 2015.
  12. Shelton, Steve Malik (January 30, 2008). "Top cop urges vigilance against crime". Michigan Chronicle. Archived from the original on August 2, 2008. Retrieved March 17, 2008.
  13. Kate Abbey-Lambertz (January 3, 2014). "Detroit Crime Dropped In 2013, But City Had Same Number Of Murders As New York". Huffington Post. Retrieved July 11, 2015.
  14. "Next Detroit". City of Detroit. Archived from the original on May 2, 2008.
  15. "Detroit can't afford to lose this family". Detroit Free Press. Archived from the original on September 19, 2012. Retrieved July 11, 2015.
  16. "Community Development". DEGC. Archived from the original on December 17, 2008. Retrieved January 3, 2009.
  17. "Detroit Neighborhood Fund" (PDF). March 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 6, 2009.
  18. Binelli, Mark (March 20, 2012). "City of Strays: Detroit's Epidemic of 50,000 Abandoned Dogs". Rolling Stone. Retrieved July 11, 2015.
  19. "Urban Community Intervention to Prevent Halloween Arson -- Detroit, Michigan, 1985-1996 (April 11, 1997)". CDC Wonder. Retrieved March 11, 2020.
  20. "Detroit fires drop over 3-day Halloween period". Daily Tribune. November 3, 2009. Archived from the original on March 6, 2012.
  21. Corley, Cheryl (January 3, 2005). "Detroit Struggles to Overcome Urban Blight". NPR Morning Edition. Retrieved February 13, 2008.
  22. Gross, Allie. "Who's buying sex and drugs in Detroit? Suburbanites " (Archived 2015-10-17 at WebCite). Metro Times. Tuesday October 6, 2015. Retrieved on October 17, 2015.
  23. Hunter, George. "Sex, drug stings nab more from suburbs than city" (Archived 2015-10-17 at WebCite). The Detroit News. October 5, 2015. Retrieved on October 7, 2015.
  24. Dickson, James David. "Effort combats Detroit’s anti-snitch culture" (Archived 2015-10-20 at WebCite). The Detroit News. September 23, 2015. Retrieved on October 20, 2015.
  25. "Quarterly Status Report to the Independent Federal Monitor". Detroit Police Department. Archived from the original on April 4, 2007. Retrieved April 5, 2007.
  26. "Detroit to trim 150 cops, precincts". Detroit News. August 30, 2005. Retrieved July 11, 2015.
  27. "Criminologists Condemn City crime rankings". PRNewswire. November 16, 2008. Retrieved January 13, 2008.
  28. "The U.S Conference of Mayors challenges city crime rankings". PRNewswire. November 18, 2008. Retrieved January 13, 2008.
  29. https://www2.fbi.gov/ucr/cius_04/offenses_reported/offense_tabulations/table_06.html
  30. https://www2.fbi.gov/ucr/05cius/data/table_06.html
  31. https://www2.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2006/data/table_06.html
  32. https://www2.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2007/data/table_06.html
  33. https://www2.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2008/data/table_06.html
  34. https://www2.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2009/data/table_06.html
  35. https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2010/crime-in-the-u.s.-2010/tables/table-6
  36. https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2011/crime-in-the-u.s.-2011/tables/table-6
  37. https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2012/crime-in-the-u.s.-2012/tables/6tabledatadecpdf/table-6
  38. https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2013/crime-in-the-u.s.-2013/tables/6tabledatadecpdf/table-6
  39. https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2014/crime-in-the-u.s.-2014/tables/table-6
  40. https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2015/crime-in-the-u.s.-2015/tables/table-6
  41. https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2016/crime-in-the-u.s.-2016/tables/table-6/table-6-state-cuts/michigan.xls
  42. https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2017/crime-in-the-u.s.-2017/topic-pages/tables/table-6
  43. https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2018/crime-in-the-u.s.-2018/topic-pages/tables/table-6
  44. https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/detroit-city/2020/01/02/detroit-ends-2019-272-homicides-according-early-numbers/2794521001/

Further reading
  • Greenberg, Michael R. (1999). Restoring America's Neighborhoods: How local people make a difference. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 0813527120.
  • Wilks, Jeff; Donna Pendergast & Peter Leggat (2006). Tourism in Turbulent Times: Toward Safe Experiences for Visitors. Elsevier. ISBN 0080446663.
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