Dhurma

Dhurma or Darma (Arabic: ضرما‎) is a small town located 73.4 kilometres (45.6 mi) by road northwest of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.[1] It is the center of the small Dhruma Governorate of Riyadh Province, and had a population of 10,267 people according to the 2004 census. [2] It lies in the wide Al-Batin valley, which it shares with its larger twin, Muzahmiyya.

Dhruma

ضرما
Dhruma
Coordinates: 24°36′N 46°08′E
Country Saudi Arabia
ProvinceRiyadh Province
Population
 (2004)
 • Total10,267
Time zoneUTC+3 (EAT)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EAT)

History

The town appears in the 7th century poetry of Jarir as "Qarma" or "Garma", and is also mentioned by the same name in Yaqut's encyclopedia. It is unknown, however, when exactly the name evolved into "Dhruma". The village was important in pre-20th century Nejd as a western gateway to the region of Wadi Hanifa, which includes Riyadh and Diriyah, and often bore the brunt of the military campaigns directed at the region. Its traditional rulers were distant cousins of the Al Saud family, and Dhruma joined the First Saudi State at the end of the 18th century. A large invasion of Saudi-ruled territory by the Yam tribe of Najran, some 1000 km to the south, was repelled by the people of Dhruma in 1775 after an intense battle fought in a nearby forest of palm trees.

Later, the Egyptian-Ottoman forces of Ibrahim Pasha placed the town under siege on their way to the Saudi capital of Diriyah (see Saudi-Ottoman War). Dhruma offered remarkably stout resistance to the invading army, and even rejected Ibrahim's offer of a truce in exchange for allowing him to proceed to Diriyah. The town, however, surrendered in early 1818 and Ibrahim's retribution was especially harsh, allowing his troops to pillage the village with impunity. The town revived somewhat after those events, and was reported by Philby to have had a population of nearly 6,000 in 1917. Its fortunes have fallen dramatically in recent decades, however, because it was bypassed by the modern Riyadh-Mecca highway, and most of its original inhabitants have moved to neighboring Riyadh.

Climate
Climate data for Dhurma
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 20.3
(68.5)		 23.2
(73.8)		 28.1
(82.6)		 32.4
(90.3)		 38.6
(101.5)		 41.7
(107.1)		 42.6
(108.7)		 42.1
(107.8)		 40.1
(104.2)		 34.4
(93.9)		 27.1
(80.8)		 21.7
(71.1)		 32.7
(90.9)
Average low °C (°F) 10.0
(50.0)		 8.1
(46.6)		 14.1
(57.4)		 18.3
(64.9)		 23.4
(74.1)		 25.5
(77.9)		 26.7
(80.1)		 23.6
(74.5)		 23.4
(74.1)		 18.3
(64.9)		 13.6
(56.5)		 9.0
(48.2)		 17.8
(64.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 16
(0.6)		 8
(0.3)		 32
(1.3)		 31
(1.2)		 11
(0.4)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 2
(0.1)		 8
(0.3)		 13
(0.5)		 121
(4.8)
Source: Climate-data.org
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References
  1. Maps (Map). Google Maps.
  2. "Saudi Arabia: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population". World Gazetteer. Archived from the original on 18 February 2012. Retrieved 27 August 2012.
  • Yaqut Al-Hamawi, Mu'jam Al-Buldan
  • Ibn Ghannam, Rawdhat Al-Afkar wal Afham (a history of Nejd)
  • Philby, St. John B., The Heart of Arabia: A Record of Travel & Exploration, Vol. 1, p. 126, G.P. Putnam's Sons, NY and London, 1923.
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