Deoxy sugar

Deoxy sugars[1] are sugars that have had a hydroxyl group replaced with a hydrogen atom.

Comparison of the chemical
structures of ribose (top)
and deoxyribose (bottom).

fucose

rhamnose

Examples include:

Deoxyribose, or 2-deoxy-D-ribose, a constituent of DNA
Fucose, or 6-deoxy-L-galactose, main component of fucoidan of brown algae, and present in N-linked glycans
Fuculose, or 6-deoxy-L-tagatose, one of the important components of avian influenza virus particles
Rhamnose, or 6-deoxy-L-mannose, present in plant glycosides

In Escherichia coli bacteria, deoxyribose sugars are synthesized via two different pathways - one pathway involves aldol condensation, whereas the other pathway is conversion of a ribose sugar into a deoxyribose sugar by means of changes on the nucleotide or nucleoside level. Deoxyribose is synthesized through the reduction of ribose. Deoxyribose is derived from the same precursor as ribose being that the reduction of the sugar with the extra hydroxyl group results in the deoxy-sugar, which has its hydroxyl group replaced with a hydrogen atom.[2]

References

"Deoxy sugars". Nature Publishing Group. Retrieved 22 May 2016.
Sable, Henry Z.; Wright, Elmer M.; Bagatell, Fillmore K. (1959-06-01). "Biosynthesis of Ribose and Deoxyribose in Escherichia coli". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 234 (6): 1369–1374. ISSN 1083-351X. PMID 13654380.

External links

Deoxy+Sugars at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Overview at qmul.ac.uk

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[1] "Deoxy sugars". Nature Publishing Group. Retrieved 22 May 2016.

[2] Sable, Henry Z.; Wright, Elmer M.; Bagatell, Fillmore K. (1959-06-01). "Biosynthesis of Ribose and Deoxyribose in Escherichia coli". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 234 (6): 1369–1374. ISSN 1083-351X. PMID 13654380.