Friedrich Dürrenmatt

Friedrich Dürrenmatt (German: [ˈfriːdrɪç ˈdʏrənˌmat] (listen); 5 January 1921 – 14 December 1990) was a Swiss author and dramatist. He was a proponent of epic theatre whose plays reflected the recent experiences of World War II. The politically active author's work included avant-garde dramas, philosophical crime novels, and macabre satire. Dürrenmatt was a member of the Gruppe Olten, a group of left-wing Swiss writers who convened regularly at a restaurant in the town Olten.

Friedrich Dürrenmatt
Dürrenmatt in 1989
Born(1921-01-05)5 January 1921
Konolfingen, Bern, Switzerland
Died14 December 1990(1990-12-14) (aged 69)
Neuchâtel, Switzerland
OccupationPlaywright, novelist
LanguageGerman
NationalitySwiss
Notable worksThe Physicists
The Visit
Years active1957–1990
SpouseLotti Geißler (1946–1983) (her death)
Charlotte Kerr (1984–1990) (his death)
Children3 (with Geißler)

Early life

Dürrenmatt was born in Konolfingen, canton of Bern, the son of a Protestant pastor. His grandfather, Ulrich Dürrenmatt, was a conservative politician. The family moved to Bern in 1935. Dürrenmatt began studies in philosophy, German philology and German literature at the University of Zürich in 1941, but moved to the University of Bern after one semester where he also studied natural science. In 1943, he decided to become an author and dramatist and dropped his academic career. In 1945–46, he wrote his first play It Is Written. On 11 October 1946, he married the actress Lotti Geissler. She died on 16 January 1983. Dürrenmatt married another actress, Charlotte Kerr, in 1984.

Dürrenmatt also enjoyed painting. Some of his own works and his drawings were exhibited in Neuchâtel in 1976 and 1985, as well as in Zürich in 1978.

Dramatic works

Like Bertolt Brecht, Dürrenmatt explored the dramatic possibilities of epic theatre. Next to Brecht, he has been called its "most original theorist".[1]

When he was 26, his first play, It Is Written, premiered to great controversy. The story of the play revolves around a battle between a sensation-craving cynic and a religious fanatic who takes scripture literally, all of this taking place while the city they live in is under siege. The play's opening night in April 1947, caused fights and protests in the audience. Between 1948 and 1949, Dürrenmatt wrote several segments and sketches for the anti-Nazi Cabaret Cornichon in Zürich; among these, the single-act grotesque short play Der Gerettete (The Rescued).[2]

His first major success was the play Romulus the Great. Set in the year A.D. 476, the play explores the last days of the Roman Empire, presided over, and brought about by its last emperor, Romulus. The Visit (Der Besuch der alten Dame, 1956) is a grotesque fusion of comedy and tragedy about a wealthy woman who offers the people of her hometown a fortune if they will execute the man who jilted her years earlier. The satirical drama The Physicists (Die Physiker, 1962), which deals with issues concerning science and its responsibility for dramatic and dangerous changes to the world, has also been presented in translation.

Radio plays published in English include Hercules in the Augean Stables (Herkules und der Stall des Augias, 1954), Incident at Twilight (Abendstunde im Spätherbst, 1952) and The Mission of the Vega (Das Unternehmen der Wega, 1954). The two late works Labyrinth and Turmbau zu Babel are a collection of unfinished ideas, stories, and philosophical thoughts.

Later life
View above the Centre Dürrenmatt at Lake Neuchâtel

In 1990, he gave two famous speeches, one in honour of Václav Havel ("Die Schweiz, ein Gefängnis?/Switzerland a Prison?"), the other in honour of Mikhail Gorbachev ("Kants Hoffnung/Kant's Hope"). Dürrenmatt often compared the three Abrahamic religions and Marxism, which he also saw as a religion.

He traveled in 1969 to the United States, in 1974 to Israel, and in 1990 to Auschwitz in Poland.

Dürrenmatt died from heart failure[3] on 14 December 1990 in Neuchâtel.

Selected bibliography

Dürrenmatt's stories in film
  • It Happened in Broad Daylight (1958), with a TV version made in 1997
  • The Marriage of Mr. Mississippi (1961)
  • The Visit (1964, Der Besuch der alten Dame)
  • Once a Greek (1966, Grieche sucht Griechin)
  • Der Meteor (1968)[5]
  • Play Strindberg (1969), based on Strindberg's The Dance of Death
  • Shantata! Court Chalu Aahe (Silence! The Court Is in Session) (1971), based on A Dangerous Game (also known as Die Panne (Traps))[6]
  • Последнее дело комиссара Берлаха (Inspector Bärlach Last Case, based on Der Verdacht) (1971, in Russian)
  • La più bella serata della mia vita (1972, by Ettore Scola, based on La Panne)
  • Авария (The Breakdown, based on Die Panne) (1974, in Russian)
  • End of the Game (1976), based on The Judge and His Hangman, and in which Dürrenmatt himself appears in two scenes
  • The Deadly Game (1982, Trapp) based on A Dangerous Game
  • Cumartesi Cumartesi (1984, Salam, stories in film)
  • Физики (The Physicists) (1988, in Russian)
  • Визит дамы (The Visit of the Lady) (1989, in Russian)
  • Szürkület (Twilight) (1990, by György Fehér) based on the Es geschah am hellichten Tag movie script
  • Hyènes (1992), adaptation of The Visit by the Senegalese moviemaker Djibril Diop Mambéty
  • Jesienny wieczór (An Autumn Evening, based on Abendstunde im Spätherbst) (1992, in Polish)
  • Justiz (1993)
  • The Pledge (2001), based on the novel Das Versprechen, which is in turn based on the Es geschah am hellichten Tag movie script
  • Male Nilluvavarege (2015) Kannada movie is based on A Dangerous Game

Adaptations

His novel, A Dangerous Game (also known as Die Panne (Traps)) was adapted into a Marathi play, Shantata! Court Chalu Aahe (Silence! The Court Is in Session) by Indian playwright Vijay Tendulkar in 1967. The play has since then been performed in various Indian languages, and made into a film by the same name by Satyadev Dubey.

His play The Visit has been adapted and Indianised into a play called Miss.Meena by Chennai-based theatre group 'perch'. The Visit has also been adapted as a musical by Kander and Ebb.

gollark: Not sure what that would do, but I imagine it would change things a lot.
gollark: > random musing: obviously if the speed of light was lower, there would be less energy in those sort of reactions. What *other* trickle down effects would it have, though?There's some relation between c and some electromagnetic constants (permittivity and permeability of free space) so you would probably change those too.
gollark: Somewhat relevant point: seriously just use nuclear it's energy dense enough.
gollark: You might have to contend with running out of usable energy in 10^lots years or something, I suppose.
gollark: The inevitable end point of "no growth/no new stuff/etc" is just "society runs through all available resources, can't get more, dies out" or maybe "natural disaster occurs and limited economic/technological resources don't allow dealing with it well".

References
  1. Siegrist, Christoph (1986). "Nationalliterarische Aspekte bei Schweizer Autoren". Hansers Sozialgeschichte der deutschen Literatur vom 16. Jahrhundert bis zur Gegenwart (in German). 10. Munich/Vienna: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag. p. 665. ISBN 3-423-04352-0.
  2. RSI Il Salvato, di Friederich Dürrenmatt, for Rete Due, Colpo di scena, December 2010
  3. Liukkonen, Petri. "Friedrich Dürrenmatt". Books and Writers (kirjasto.sci.fi). Finland: Kuusankoski Public Library. Archived from the original on 23 February 2015.
  4. The Novels of Friedrich Dürrenmatt, London: Pan, 1985
  5. Der Meteor on IMDb
  6. Shantata! Court Chalu Aahe on IMDb

Sources
  • Everett M. Ellestad, "Friedrich Dürrenmatt's Mausefalle (Mouse Trap)", German Quarterly, 43, 4, 770–779, November 1970.
  • Gerhard P. Knapp, "Friedrich Dürrenmatt: Studien zu seinem Werk", Poesie und Wissenschaft, XXXIII, Lothar Stiehm Verlag, Heidelberg, 1976.
  • Centre Dürrenmatt Neuchâtel
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