Cusco Quechua
Cusco Quechua (Quechua: Qusqu qhichwa simi) is a dialect of Southern Quechua spoken in Cusco and the Cusco Region of Peru.
Cusco Quechua | |
---|---|
Qosqo runasimi | |
Native to | Peru |
Native speakers | (1.5 million cited 1989)[1] |
Quechuan
| |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | Either:quz – Cuscoqve – Eastern Apurímac |
Glottolog | cusc1236 Cusco[2]east2551 Eastern Apurímac[3] |
It is the Quechua variety used by the Academia Mayor de la Lengua Quechua in Cusco, which also prefers the Spanish-based five-vowel alphabet.[4] On the other hand, the official alphabet used by the ministry of education has only three vowels.[5]
Phonology
There is debate about whether Cusco Quechua has five /a, e, i, o, u/ or three vowels: /a, i, u/.[6]
Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stop | plain | p | t | t͡ʃ | k | q | |
aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | t͡ʃʰ | kʰ | qʰ | ||
ejective | pʼ | tʼ | t͡ʃʼ | kʼ | qʼ | ||
Fricative | s | ʃ | x | χ | h | ||
Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ||||
Approximant | plain | j | w | ||||
lateral | l | ʎ | |||||
Flap | ɾ |
Grammar
Pronouns[7]
Cusco Quechua | Northern Quechua | Ancash Quechua | English | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1º | noqa / ñoqa | ñuka | nuqa | I |
2º | qan | kan | qam | you |
3º | pay | pay | pay | he, she, it |
4º | noqanchis / ñoqanchis | ñukanchik (ñukapash kanpash) | nuqantsik | we (inclusive) |
5º | noqayku / ñoqayku | ñukanchik (shinapash mana kan/kikin) | nuqakuna | we (exclusive) |
6º | qankuna | qamkuna | qamkuna | you (plural) |
7º | paykuna | paykuna | paykuna | they |
Nouns
Function | Suffix | Example | (translation) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
suffix indicating number | plural | -kuna | wasikuna | houses |
possessive suffix | 1.person singular | -y | wasiy | my house |
2.person singular | -yki | wasiyki | your house | |
3.person singular | -n | wasin | his/her/its house | |
1.person plural (incl) | -nchis | wasinchik | our house (incl.) | |
1.person plural (excl) | -y-ku | wasiyku | our house (excl.) | |
2.person plural | -yki-chis | wasiykichis | your (pl.) house | |
3.person plural | -n-ku | wasinku | their house | |
suffixes indicating case | nominative | – | wasi | the house (subj.) |
accusative | -(k)ta | wasita | the house (obj.) | |
instrumental | -wan | wasiwan | with the house, and the house | |
abessive | -naq | wasinaq | without the house | |
dative | -paq | wasipaq | to the house | |
genitive | -q / -pa | wasiq | of the house | |
causative | -rayku | wasirayku | because of the house | |
benefactive | -paq | wasipaq | for the house | |
locative | -pi | wasipi | at the house | |
directional | -man | wasiman | towards the house | |
inclusive | -piwan, puwan | wasipiwan, wasipuwan | including the house | |
terminative | -kama, -yaq | wasikama, wasiyaq | up to the house | |
transitive | -(rin)ta | wasinta | through the house | |
ablative | -manta, -piqta | wasimanta, wasipiqta | off/from the house | |
comitative | -(ni)ntin | wasintin | along with the house | |
immediate | -raq | wasiraq | first the house | |
intrative | -pura | wasipura | among the houses | |
exclusive | -lla(n) | wasilla(n) | only the house | |
comparative | -naw, -hina | wasinaw, wasihina | like the house |
Adjectives
Verbs
gollark: Most old countries, and arguably basically all old *systems*, end up accruing legacy laws/things which don't really make sense but can't easily be tweaked.
gollark: I do not understand what this graph is meant to display.
gollark: That would be too obvious, maybe do it a day before.
gollark: `/((card|credit) ?)+/i`
gollark: Or credit credit, for short.
See also
References
- Cusco at Ethnologue (19th ed., 2016)
Eastern Apurímac at Ethnologue (19th ed., 2016) - Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Cusco Quechua". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Eastern Apurímac Quechua". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- Nancy Hornberger & Kendall King, "Authenticity and Unification in Quechua Language Planning" Language, Culture and Curriculum 11 3 (1998): 390 - 410. http://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1059&context=gse_pubs
- Nonato Rufino Chuquimamani Valer. Yachakuqkunapa Simi Qullqa - Qusqu-Qullaw Qhichwa Simipi Archived 2011-08-24 at the Wayback Machine (Quechua-Quechua-Spanish dictionary). Lima: Ministerio de Educación, 2005.
- "SAPhon – South American Phonological Inventories". linguistics.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2018-08-10.
- "Personal pronouns in Quechua Cusco". Quechua Language. 2019-12-23. Retrieved 2020-03-05.
External links
- Simi Taqe Qheswa - Español - Qheswa (Qheswa simi hamut'ana kuraq suntur), Qosqo, Peru, 2006 (pdf 3,8 MB). Dictionary of the AMLQ: Cusco-Quechua - Spanish, Spanish - Cusco-Quechua.
- Collections in the Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America
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