Crane vessel

A crane vessel, crane ship or floating crane is a ship with a crane specialized in lifting heavy loads. The largest crane vessels are used for offshore construction. Conventional monohulls are used, but the largest crane vessels are often catamaran or semi-submersible types as they have increased stability. On a sheerleg crane, the crane is fixed and cannot rotate, and the vessel therefore is manoeuvered to place loads. As of 2019, the largest crane vessel in the world is the CNOOC Limited owned Lanjing, having 3 cranes of capacities 7500 tonnes, 4000 tonnes and 1600 tonnes.[1]

Wind Lift I at the harbor in Emden, Lower Saxony, Germany

History

In medieval Europe, crane vessels which could be flexibly deployed in the whole port basin were introduced as early as the 14th century.[2]

During the age of sail, the sheer hulk was used extensively as a floating crane for tasks that required heavy lift. At the time, the heaviest single components of ships were the main masts, and sheer hulks were essential for removing and replacing them, but they were also used for other purposes. Some crane vessels had engines for propulsion, others needed to be towed with a tugboat.

USS Kearsarge as Crane Ship No. 1

In 1920, the 1898-built battleship USS Kearsarge was converted to a crane ship when a crane with a capacity of 250 tons was installed. Later it was renamed Crane Ship No. 1.[3] It was used, amongst other things, to place guns and other heavy items on other battleships under construction. Another remarkable feat was the raising of the submarine USS Squalus in 1939.

In 1942, the crane ships a.k.a. "Heavy Lift Ships" SS Empire Elgar (PQ16), SS Empire Bard (PQ15), and SS Empire Purcell (PQ16) were sent to the Russian Arctic ports of Archangel, Murmansk and Molotovsk (since renamed Sererodvinsk). Their role was to enable the unloading of the Arctic convoys where port installations were either destroyed by German bombers or were non existent (as at Bakaritsa quay Archangel).[4][5][6]

In 1949, J. Ray McDermott had Derrick Barge Four built, a barge that was outfitted with a revolving crane capable of lifting 150 tons. The arrival of this type of vessel changed the direction of the offshore construction industry. Instead of constructing oil platforms in parts, jackets and decks could be built onshore as modules. For use in the shallow part of the Gulf of Mexico, the cradle of the offshore industry, these barges sufficed.

In 1963, Heerema converted a Norwegian tanker, Sunnaas, into a crane vessel with a capacity of 300 tons, the first one in the offshore industry that was ship-shaped. It was renamed Global Adventurer. This type of crane vessel was better adapted to the harsh environment of the North Sea.

SSCV Thialf in a Norwegian fjord

Semi-submersible giants

In 1978, Heerema had two semi-submersible crane vessels built, Hermod and Balder, each with one 2,000 ton and one 3,000 ton crane. Later both were upgraded to a higher capacity. This type of crane vessel was much less sensitive to sea swell, so that it was possible to operate on the North Sea during the winter months. The high stability also allowed for heavier lifts than was possible with a monohull. The larger capacity of the cranes reduced the installation time of a platform from a whole season to a few weeks. Inspired by this success similar vessels were built. In 1985 DB-102 was launched for McDermott, with two cranes with a capacity of 6,000 tons each. Micoperi ordered M7000 in 1986, designed with two cranes of 7,000 tons each.

However, due to an oil glut in the mid 1980s, the boom in the offshore industry was over, resulting in collaborations. In 1988, a joint venture between Heerema and McDermott was formed, HeereMac. In 1990 Micoperi had to apply for bankruptcy. Saipem – in the beginning of the 1970s a large heavy lift contractor, but only a small player in this field at the end of the 1980s – acquired M7000 from Micoperi in 1995, later renaming it Saipem 7000. In 1997 Heerema took over DB-102 from McDermott after discontinuation of their joint venture.[7] The ship was renamed Thialf and, after an upgrade in 2000 to twice 7,100 tons, it is now the largest crane vessel in the world.

Thialf can use both cranes to lift 14,200 t (14,000 long tons; 15,700 short tons) at a radius of 31.2 m (102 ft); in comparison, Saipem 7000 can use both cranes to lift a smaller load of 14,000 t (14,000 long tons; 15,000 short tons) at a wider radius of 41 m (135 ft).[8]

Lifting records

A heaviest single lift record was set in 2000 by Thialf for lifting the 11,883 t (11,695-long-ton; 13,099-short-ton) Shearwater topsides for Shell.[9][10] Saipem 7000 set a new record in October 2004 for the 12,150 t (11,960-long-ton; 13,390-short-ton) lift of Sabratha Deck.[11][12]

Under dynamic positioning, Saipem 7000 set another record in 2010 by lifting the 11,600 t (11,400-long-ton; 12,800-short-ton) BP Valhall Production topsides.[12]

Shortly after it was completed, Sleipnir completed a record lift of 15,300 t (15,100 long tons; 16,900 short tons) for the topsides of the Leviathan project for Noble Energy, in September 2019.[13]

Heavy lift vessels
Heavy Lift Vessels, sorted by capacity[14][15]
Vessel name Company Built Flag Lifting capacity (t) Type Identifier Image
Sleipnir Heerema Marine Contractors 2019 20,000[16] (10,000 + 10,000 tandem, revolving) Semi-submersible IMO number: 9781425
Thialf Heerema Marine Contractors 1985 14,200[17] (7,100 + 7,100 tandem, revolving) Semi-submersible IMO number: 8757740
Saipem 7000 Saipem 1987 14,000[18] (7,000 + 7,000 tandem, revolving) Semi-submersible IMO number: 8501567
Hyundai-10000 Hyundai Heavy Industries 2015 10,000[19] Sheerleg Monohull MMSI number: 440680000
Svanen Van Oord 1991 8,700[20] Catamaran IMO number: 9007453
Hermod Heerema Marine Contractors 1978 8,100[21] (4,500 + 3,600 tandem; 4,500 + 2,700 revolving) Semi-submersible (scrapped)[22] IMO number: 7710214
Lanjing CNOOC 1990 7,500[23] (4,000 revolving) Monohull IMO number: 8907527
VB-10,000 Versabar Inc. 2010 6,800[24] Catamaran MMSI number: 367490050
Balder Heerema Marine Contractors 1978 6,300[25] (3,600 + 2,700 tandem; 3,000 + 2,000 revolving) Semi-submersible IMO number: 7710226
Pioneering Spirit Allseas 2014 5,000 (tub crane only)[26] Monohull IMO number: 9593505
Orion DEME Offshore 2019 5,000[27] Monohull
Asian Hercules III Asian Lift (Keppel Fels/Smit International JV) 2015 5,000[28] Sheerleg Monohull IMO number: 9660396
Seven Borealis Subsea 7 2012 5,000[29] Monohull IMO number: 9452787
Oleg Strashnov Seaway Heavy Lifting 2011 5,000[30] Monohull IMO number: 9452701
HL 5000 Deep Offshore Technology ? 4,500[31] Sheerleg Barge
Oceanic 5000 Oceanic Marine Contractors 2011 4,400[32] Monohull IMO number: 9559145
Kaisho
(海翔)		 Yorigami Maritime Construction Co., Ltd. ? 4,100[33] Sheerleg Barge
Aegir[34][35] Heerema Marine Contractors 2012 4,000[36] Monohull IMO number: 9605396
Gulliver Scaldis 2018 4,000[37] (2,000 + 2,000 tandem) Sheerleg Barge IMO number: 9774094
Yosho
(洋翔)		 Yorigami Maritime Construction Co., Ltd. ? 4,000[38] Sheerleg Barge
DB 50 J. Ray McDermott 1986 3,800[39] (3,200 revolving) Monohull IMO number: 8503539
Lan Jiang CNOOC 2001 3,800[40] (2,500 revolving) Monohull IMO number: 9245641
Swiber Kaizen 4000 Swiber Offshore 2012 3,800[41] Monohull MMSI number: 357978000
Musashi Fukada Salvage & Marine Works Co., Ltd. 1974 3,700[42] Sheerleg Barge
Vessel name Company Built Flag Lifting capacity (t) Type Identifier Image
Yoshida No. 50
(第５０吉田号)		 Yoshida Gumi, Ltd. ? 3,700[43] Sheerleg Barge
L 3601 Sembcorp Marine 2012 3,600[44] Sheerleg Barge
OOS Gretha OOS International 2012 3,600[45] (1,800 + 1,800 tandem) Semi-submersible IMO number: 9650963
Samho 4000 Samho Ind. Co. Ltd 2009 3,600[46] Sheerleg Barge MMSI number: 440111280
Rambiz Scaldis 1976 3,300[47] (1,700 + 1,600 tandem) Sheerleg Barge IMO number: 9136199
Asian Hercules II Asian Lift (Keppel Fels/Smit International JV) 1985 3,200[48] Sheerleg Monohull IMO number: 8639297
DB 101 (ex-Narwhal) J. Ray McDermott 1978 3,200[14] Semi-submersible (scrapped) IMO number: 7709069
Saipem Constellation Saipem 2014 3,000[49] Monohull IMO number: 9629756
Fuji Fukada Salvage & Marine Works Co., Ltd. ? 3,000[42] Sheerleg Barge
Yoshida No. 28
(第２８吉田号)		 Yoshida Gumi, Ltd. ? 3,000[50] Sheerleg Barge
Swiber PJW3000 Swiber Offshore 2010 3,000[41] Barge MMSI number: 370210000
Wei Li Shanghai Salvage 2010 3,000[51] Monohull IMO number: 9597628
SADAF 3000 Darya Fan Qeshm Industries Company 1985 3,000[52] Sheerleg Barge IMO number: 8415512
Samho 3000 Samho Ind. Co. Ltd ? 3,000[53] Sheerleg Barge MMSI number: 440121590
Bokalift 1 Boskalis 2018 3,000[54] Monohull IMO number: 9592850
DB 30 J. Ray McDermott 1999 2,794[55] (2,223 revolving) Monohull MMSI number: 356011000
LTS 3000 L&T-SapuraCrest JV[56] 2010 2,722[57] Monohull IMO number: 9446843
Sapura 3000 SapuraAcergy 2008 2,722[58] Monohull IMO number: 9391270
Seaway Yudin[59] Seaway Heavy Lifting 1985 2,500[60] Monohull IMO number: 8219463
Lewek Champion EMAS Chiyoda Subsea 2007 2,200[61] Monohull IMO number: 9377377
Vessel name Company Built Flag Lifting capacity (t) Type Identifier Image
Suruga Fukada Salvage & Marine Works Co., Ltd. ? 2,200[42] Sheerleg Barge
Taklift 4 Smit International 1981 2,200[15] Sheerleg Barge IMO number: 8010506
Saipem 3000 Saipem 1984 2,177[62] revolving Monohull IMO number: 8309165
DB 27 J. Ray McDermott 1974 2,177[63] (1,270 revolving) Barge IMO number: 8757685
Kongo Fukada Salvage & Marine Works Co., Ltd. ? 2,050[42] Sheerleg Barge
Quippo Prakash MDL/Quippo/Sapura JV 2010 ? 2,000[64] Monohull
NOR Goliath Coastline Maritime 2009 2,000[65] Monohull IMO number: 9396933
Sampson Coastline Maritime 2010 2,000[65] Monohull IMO number: 9429455
Kumyong No.2200 Kum Yong Development Co., Ltd 2009 2,000[66] Sheerleg Barge MMSI number: 440011970
Huasteco Grupo Protexa 1960 1,800[67] Monohull IMO number: 5377953
Tolteca CAMSA 1955 1,800[68] Monohull IMO number: 5320522
Matador 3 Bonn Mees 2002 1,800[69] Sheerleg Barge IMO number: 9272137
Samho 2000 Samho Ind. Co. Ltd ? ? 1,800[70] Sheerleg Barge
Left Coast Lifter Fluor/American Bridge/Granite/Traylor Brothers JV 2009 1,699[71] Sheerleg Barge
Asian Hercules Asian Lift (Keppel Fels/Smit International JV) 1985 1,600[72] Sheerleg Barge MMSI number: 563314000
DLB1600 Valentine Maritime Gulf 2013 1,600[73] (1,200 revolving) Barge IMO number: 9681651
Shinsho-1600
(神翔-1600)		 Yorigami Maritime Construction Co., Ltd. ? 1,600[74] Monohull
Vessel name Company Built Flag Lifting capacity (t) Type Identifier Image
Planned / Under Construction
Vessel name Company Year Lifting capacity Type
OOS Zeelandia OOS International 2022 25,000[75][76] (12,500 + 12,500 tandem) Semi-submersible
OOS Serooskerke OOS International Q2 2019 4,400[77] (2,200 + 2,200 tandem) Semi-submersible
OOS Walcheren OOS International Q4 2019 4,400[78] (2,200 + 2,200 tandem) Semi-submersible

See also

References
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