Coat of arms of Venezuela

The current coat of arms of Venezuela was primarily approved by the Congress on April 18, 1836, undergoing small modifications through history, reaching the present version.

Coat of arms of Venezuela
Versions
1954-2006
Armiger	Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
Adopted	March 12, 2006
Crest	Two Cornucopia
Blazon	Tierced: first gules, a cluster of 24 stalks of wheat or; second or, flags of Venezuela in saltire tied together at fly by a rapier, a long knife, a bow and a spear; third azure, a horse courant argent, facing dexter
Supporters	To the dexter, a sprig of olive proper, and to the sinister, a sprig of palm proper, tied together by a ribbon or, azure and gules
Motto	19 DE ABRIL DE 1810 - INDEPENDENCIA (April 19, 1810 - Independence) 20 DE FEBRERO DE 1859 - FEDERACIÓN (February 20, 1859 - Federation) REPÚBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELA (Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela)

Infographic from Venezuelan newspaper El Nacional, 12 March 2006

Coat of arms made in 2006 by heraldist Fabio Cassani Pironti

The coat of arms was established in the Law of the National Flag, Shield and Anthem (Ley de Bandera, Escudo e Himno Nacionales), passed on February 17, 1954, by the military governor of Venezuela, Marcos Pérez Jiménez. The shield is divided in the colors of the national flag. In the dexter chief, on a red field, wheat represents the union of the 20 states of the Republic existing at the time and the wealth of the nation. In sinister chief, on a yellow field, weapons (a sword, a sabre and three lances) and two national flags are tied by a branch of laurel, as a symbol of triumph in war. In base, on a deep blue field, a wild white horse (perhaps representing Simón Bolívar's white horse Palomo) runs free, an emblem of independence and freedom.

Above the shield are two crossed cornucopias (horns of plenty), pouring out wealth. The shield is flanked by an olive branch and another of palm, both tied at the bottom of the coat with a large band that represents the national tricolour (yellow for the nation's wealth, blue for the ocean separating Venezuela from Spain, and red for the blood and courage of the people). The following captions appear in golden letters on the blue stripe:

19 de Abril de 1810 (April 19, 1810)	20 de Febrero de 1859 (February 20, 1859)
Independencia (Independence)	Federación (Federation)
República Bolivariana de Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela)

2006 changes

On March 27, 2006, the National Assembly approved changes to the coat of arms and the flag of Venezuela, which were made official on March 12, 2006, coinciding with Flag Day. Prior to 2006, the horse was running to the sinister side of the shield with its head turned to the dexter (to the viewer, this appears as the horse galloping towards his right and looking back to the left). In heraldic practice, animals and beasts are to appear facing to the dexter, which is considered the natural and honorable position. The Economist observed that Hugo Chávez ordered the seal changed after his daughter, Rosinés Chávez Rodríguez, had described the previous horse as “looking backwards”.[1] Government supporters state, however, that even if the president's daughter was the one who sparked the discussion, both the legislative and executive branch agreed to changes. These were adding a machete to represent the peasant fighters during the revolutionary wars in Venezuela since the War of Independence, and a bow and arrow as a tribute to the brave indigenous population who resisted the Spanish conquistadors.

Many critics have suggested that the horse, now running to the dexter (to the viewer's left) is a political statement of the current left-wing government of President Hugo Chávez. Previously in the Venezuelan arms adopted in 1863, the horse was moving as it is seen today, to the dexter (the viewer's left). Also to note is that in heraldry, positions are not described from the viewer's point of view, but rather the shield's, so while the horse appears to be galloping left to one observing the arms, the horse is actually galloping to the dexter, or right, side of the shield. This symbolizes Venezuela as the first of the independent states of South America, and Simon Bolivar's campaigns of liberation for all of Latin America, which started here in 1811 (with Venezuela's Declaration of Independence and the earlier Caracas Junta of 1810) and ended with his final victory in the Battle of Ayacucho on December 9, 1824, all the while riding his white horse Palomo.

Political opponents have also claimed that in addition to being politically motivated, the changes were economically wasteful. At the time of the official unveiling, the opposition party stated that they will not use the new flag or coat of arms, but retain the old and employ them in demonstrations against the government. However, by 2008, and with a slightly improved political climate, the new coat of arms and flag have been generally accepted among the population and opposition.

Heraldist Fabio Cassani Pironti, commissioned by the National Assembly, made the reform of the National coats of arms.[2]

Evolution of the state coat of arms

Captaincy General of Venezuela	First Republic of Venezuela	Second Republic of Venezuela	Third Republic of Venezuela	Gran Colombia	Gran Colombia
1777–1811	1811–1812	1812–1814	1814–1819	1819–1821	1821–1830

State of Venezuela	United States of Venezuela	Republic of Venezuela	Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
1830–1864	1864–1954	1954–2006	2006–present

Notes

In heraldic descriptions dexter means to the right from the viewpoint of the bearer of the shield, i.e. the viewer's left; sinister means left from the viewpoint of the bearer of the shield, i.e. the viewer's right.

See also

• Armorial of Venezuela

References

1. "Freedom to Agree", The Economist, February 24, 2007
2. El Nacional, 12/03/2006.

External links

• (in Spanish) Ley de Bandera, Escudo e Himno Nacionales - Law of the National Flag, Coat of Arms and Anthem.
• (in Spanish) La octava estrella de Bolívar - The eighth star of Bolivar.