Coal Exchange

The Coal Exchange (also known as the Exchange Building) is a historic building in Cardiff, Wales. It is designed in Renaissance Revival style. Built in 1888 as the Coal and Shipping Exchange to be used as a market floor and office building for trading in coal in Cardiff, it later became a hub of the global coal trade. It is situated in Mount Stuart Square in Butetown, and was for many years the hub of the city's prosperous shipping industry.

For the coal exchange in London, see Coal Exchange (London).

The Coal Exchange
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Location within Cardiff
Former namesThe Coal and Shipping Exchange
Alternative namesThe Exchange Hotel
General information
Architectural styleFrench Renaissance
Town or cityCardiff
CountryWales, United Kingdom
Coordinates51.46544°N 3.1682°W / 51.46544; -3.1682
Construction started1884
Completed1888
Design and construction
ArchitectSeward & Thomas
Listed Building – Grade II*
Official nameCardiff Exchange Building
Designated19 May 1975
Reference no.13744[1]

It later became a music venue, with offices remaining in use in the West Wing, before being closed indefinitely in 2013 due to building safety issues. Following a series of proposals to demolish the building, Cardiff Council purchased the Coal Exchange. In 2016 the property was sold to the Liverpool-based hospitality company Signature Living, which began a programme of restoration and conversion of the building into a hotel. The first phase of this renovation was completed with the opening of the first thirty rooms in April 2017, with further rooms added as renovations continued. As of March 2019, renovations were still ongoing to the rear areas of the building, over 90 rooms had been completed, and the hotel restaurant had opened.

History

Construction and early history
Coal ships tied up at Cardiff Docks in the 1910s

Before the Coal Exchange was built in Mount Stuart Square, the area was a residential square with a central garden. It was taken over by commerce as the city grew in prosperity. Built to provide a dedicated location for merchants and traders to sell coal, it followed construction of buildings of a similar function in London, Liverpool and Manchester.[2] Prior to its construction, coal merchants used to chalk up the changing prices of coal on slates outside their offices or struck deals in the local public houses.[3] It was built and opened in stages, the central trading hall and east block completed first. The trading hall was a large central space around which suites of offices were located. The London and Provincial Banking Company occupied the majority of the north side.[2]

As Cardiff became the biggest coal port in the world, the building was constructed between 1884 and 1888 by Edwin Seward as a base from which to conduct trade negotiations regarding the coal mines of the South Wales Valleys – most of which was shipped to Cardiff for distribution.

The building played an important role in the industrial Cardiff of the 19th century. Paired Corinthian columns, an oak balcony, and rich wood panelling adorn the trading hall, which was reconstructed by Edwin Seward in 1911.[4]

Following its opening, coal owners, ship owners and their agents met daily on the floor of the trading hall where agreements were made by word of mouth and telephone. During the peak trading hour of midday to one o'clock, the floor might have as many as 200 men gesticulating and shouting. It was estimated that up to 10,000 people would pass in and out of the building each day. At one time the price of the world's coal was determined here.[3] It was at the Coal Exchange that the first ever £1,000,000 deal was agreed[4][5] in 1904.[6] The building interior was lavishly refurbished in 1912 by Edwin Seward, and reopened as the ‘New Exchange Building’. In 1915, an extension was added to the southern section, connected to the trading hall.[2]

Post-war period
The southern entrance, with now demolished extension, 1920s

Cardiff's reliance on coal made the Bute Docks highly vulnerable to any downturn in the demand for it. With the end of the war the docks went into further decline. The Coal exchange closed in 1958 and coal exports came to an end in 1964. The southern extension was demolished in the 1970s. The building became Grade II* listed in 1975.[1]

In 1979 the Coal Exchange was earmarked as a future home of the proposed Welsh Assembly[3] and a heavily reinforced underground carpark was constructed (also envisaged to act as a nuclear shelter)[7] but the plan for devolution was rejected by the Welsh people in a referendum. In 1983 the building was considered as a headquarters for the Welsh language television station, S4C,[7] though this also failed to take off. The Exchange Hall was used with great regularity during this period as a filming location for various parts of the entertainment industry, for example the BBC drama Bevan.[7]

Re-opening and closure
A 'Save the Cardiff Coal Exchange' petition being presented at the Welsh Assembly in 2014

In 1988 the building was re-acquired and subsequently completely refurbished in 2001 to turn it into a major venue. The venue hosted acts such as the Arctic Monkeys, Manic Street Preachers, Ocean Colour Scene, Stereophonics, Van Morrison and Biffy Clyro.[8]

The Coal Exchange closed on 7 August 2013 as a result of building safety issues. With the subsequent liquidation of the company which owned it in 2014, ownership of the Coal Exchange passed to the Crown Estate. It then became the subject of efforts to preserve the historic fabric of the building by the not-for-profit organisation Save the Coal Exchange Limited.[9] In February 2015, Welsh Government Economy Minister Edwina Hart commissioned a feasibility study into future re-use of the building. In May 2015 it was confirmed that the exchange would be used for filming of the remake of The Crow. In 2016, filmmaker Nick Broomfield visited the building as part of his documentary Going Going Gone, which investigated the deterioration and heritage of the Coal Exchange.[10][11]

The Exchange Hotel

In 2016 it was announced that the building was to be fully refurbished as a hotel by private company Signature Living, with a museum detailing the history of the building and of the Cardiff Docks.[12][12] The proposal received some opposition, including from the Victorian Society[13] and MP Stephen Doughty.[14] Cardiff council granted planning permission in July 2016. In June 2017, the BBC broadcast a documentary entitled Saving The Coal Exchange, which looked at the development of the building into a hotel.[15] As part of the phased restoration programme, rooms were opened as works were completed. The first 30 rooms of the hotel opened in May 2017.[16] This was followed by a further 30 rooms in both June and September 2017, bringing the total to 90. In total 200 bedrooms are expected on completion, along with restaurants, bars and spa facilities.[17] The restoration retained the original structure, including a number of original features including a memorial dedicated to World War I and the grand hall, previously the trading floor.[18][19][20]

Design
Clock inside the trading hall

The building is constructed largely in limestone, in the French Renaissance style. The exterior is made of pale Corsham stone on three sides, with yellow brick on the western elevation. The roof is slate, topped with multiple chimneys mainly in yellow brick. Its style was derived from French Renaissance models. The main entrance front faces south. The building is made up of three storeys and basement, plus attic storeys in the central pedimented 'frontispiece', with a hipped pavilion roof. The entrance is guarded by a pair of fluted Corinthian columns, and topped by a floral relief in a triangular pediment surmounted by Royal Arms. On the north east corner, steps lead up to a projecting porch which housed Barclays Bank, resident here since building opened.[1]

The interior retains an entrance hall with a Jacobethan style moulded plaster ceiling, panelled walls, and woodblock and inlay floor. At the rear are two lions on high plinths supporting clock faces showing times of Cardiff high tides. The central Coal and Shipping Hall dominates the building, surrounded by galleried tiers, in Jacobethan style dark wood. A false ceiling has reduced the height to 2 storeys, hiding a centrally glazed roof.[1]

Access

Coal Exchange is served by Cardiff Bay railway station and Cardiff Bus service 7, 8, 35, and Baycar.[21]

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See also

References
  1. Cardiff Exchange Building, Butetown, British Listed Buildings. Retrieved 21 March 2013.
  2. The Cardiff Coal Exchange: Conservation Management Plan, Edwards, Zoe, Cotswold Archaeology July 2017
  3. "South East Wales | Coal Exchange and Mountstuart Square". BBC. 4 November 2009. Retrieved 10 June 2012.
  4. "History". Coal Exchange. Archived from the original on 22 October 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2016.
  5. "Derelict railway building on top 10 at-risk buildings", BBC News, 14 September 2016.
  6. "Talks to secure future of Coal Exchange in Cardiff Bay", BBC News, 20 January 2014. Retrieved 27 October 2016.
  7. Evans, Catherine; Dodsworth, Steve; Barnett, Julie (1984), Below the Bridge: A photo-historical survey of Cardiff's docklands to 1983, Cardiff: National Museum of Wales Cardiff, pp. 37–38, ISBN 0-7200-0288-5
  8. "Open Mic | Cardiff Coal Exchange". Openmicuk.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2 March 2012. Retrieved 10 June 2012.
  9. Save the Coal Exchange http://savethecoalexchange.com/. Retrieved 24 May 2015. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  10. Nick Broomfield: ‘I’ve always been fascinated by buildings and history’ The Guardian, article 1 May 2016
  11. "Going Going Gone". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
  12. "Cardiff's Coal Exchange saved in £40m hotel revamp". BBC News. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
  13. Cardiff Coal Exchange plan unacceptable – Victorian Society BBC.coluk, article 4 July 2017
  14. An MP has raised serious concerns over how Cardiff's Coal Exchange was handed to a private developer www.walesonline.co.uk, article 8 April 2016
  15. Saving the Coal Exchange BBC One Programme Listing, accessed 14 June 2017
  16. Cardiff's Coal Exchange hotel will open its doors for the first time this weekend www.walesonline.co.uk, article 16 May 2017
  17. Outline Plans for the Coal Exchange Archived 2 June 2017 at the Wayback Machine www.exchangehotelcardiff.co.uk. Retrieved 16 May 2017
  18. The Exchange Hotel: The Old Coal Commodity House Now A Luxury Hotel In Cardiff's Port Revival Forbes, article 29 March 2017
  19. Hotels and Resorts to Travel to in 2017 The New York Times, article 5 January 2017
  20. 20 UK hotels, rooms and hostels opening in 2017 The Guardian, article 21 January 2017
  21. "Location". Coal Exchange. Archived from the original on 24 July 2012. Retrieved 10 June 2012.

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