Changbai Mountains

The Changbai Mountains are a major mountain range in Northeast Asia. The mountains extend from the Northeast Chinese provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning, across the border between China and North Korea (41°41' to 42°51'N; 127°43' to 128°16'E), to the North Korean provinces of Ryanggang and Chagang. They are also referred to as the Šanggiyan, Jangbaek, or Ohnan mountains. Most peaks exceed 2,000 metres (6,600 feet) in height, with the highest being the Paektu Mountain.

This article is about the mountain range. For the Changbai Mountain, see Paektu Mountain.
Changbai Mountains
View from Mount Paektu, the highest peak in the range
Highest point
PeakMount Paektu
Elevation2,744 m (9,003 ft)
Prominence2,593 m (8,507 ft)
Geography
CountriesChina and North Korea
Range coordinates41.733°N 128.067°E / 41.733; 128.067
Changbai Mountains
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese长白山脉
Traditional Chinese長白山脈
Literal meaningPerpetually White Mountains
Korean name
Chosŏn'gŭl장백산맥
Hancha長白山脈
Manchu name
Manchu scriptᡤᠣᠯᠮᡳᠨ ᡧᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᡳᠨ
RomanizationGolmin šanggiyan alin

History
Sanjiaolong Crater Lake in the Longwanqun National Forest Park, Huinan County

The range represents the mythical birthplace of Bukūri Yongšon, ancestor of Nurgaci[1] and the Aisin Gioro imperial family, who were the founders of the Manchu state and the Qing dynasty of China. The Chinese name literally means "Perpetually-White Mountain Region".[2]

Geography and climate

The mountains are the source of the Songhua, Tumen, and Yalu Rivers.[3]

The Changbai Mountains are characterized by long and cold winters. Precipitation is low in the winter but higher in the summer and autumn with annual averages reaching as high as 1,400 millimetres (55 inches).[4]

Flora and fauna
Painting from the Manchu Veritable Records

The vegetation of the mountain slopes is divided into several different zones. At the top, above 2,000 metres, tundra predominates. From 1,700 to 2,000 metres, vegetation is dominated by mountain birch and larch. Below this zone, and down to 1,100 metres, the dominant trees are spruce, fir, and Korean pine. From 600 to 1,100 metres, the landscape is dominated by mixed forest, consisting of Amur linden, Korean pine, maple, and elm. Further down, a temperate hardwood forest is found, dominated by second-growth poplar and birch.[5]

Protected areas

Popularuty

The Changbai Mountains is mentioned in the first verse of the de facto national anthem of North Korea, Song of General Kim Il-sung. It is mentioned in the Korean name, Jangbaek.[6]

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See also

References
  1. 愛新覺羅·瀛生《滿語口語音典》
  2. Crossley, Pamela Kyle (February 2000). A Translucent Mirror: History and Identity in Qing Imperial Ideology. University of California Press. p. 202. ISBN 9780520234246.
  3. "Changbai Mountains -- Scenic Wonderland". China.org.cn. Retrieved 12 July 2014.
  4. "Changbai Mountains mixed forests (PA0414)". WildWorld Ecoregion Profile, National Geographic Society. World Wildlife Fund. Archived from the original on 2010-03-08. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
  5. Liu, Q.J., Takamura, T., Takeuchi, N., Shao, G. (2002). Mapping of boreal vegetation of a temperate mountain in China by multitemporal LANDSAT imagery. International Journal of Remote Sensing 23(17), p. 3388
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