Cathy Rush

Cathy Rush (born Cathy Cowan; April 7, 1947) was the head women's basketball coach at Immaculata from 1972 to 1977. She led Immaculata to three consecutive AIAW national titles from 1972–1974. She led the Mighty Macs to six consecutive final four appearances in her six seasons with the school, attaining a 149–15 record.[1] Rush was inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame on April 7, 2008.[2] She had also been inducted to the Women's Basketball Hall of Fame in 2000 and the Philadelphia Sports Hall of Fame in 2005.

Cathy Rush
Biographical details
Born (1947-04-07) April 7, 1947
Atlantic City, New Jersey
Alma materWest Chester University
Coaching career (HC unless noted)
1972–1977Immaculata
Head coaching record
Overall149–15 (.909)
Accomplishments and honors
Championships
3 AIAW National (1972–1974)
Basketball Hall of Fame
Inducted in 2008
Medal record
Women’s Basketball
Head Coach for  United States
Pan American Games
1975 Mexico City, Mexico Team Competition

A resident of Ventnor City, New Jersey, Rush grew up in Egg Harbor Township, New Jersey and graduated from Oakcrest High School in 1964.[3] She received a Bachelor of Science in 1968 and a master's degree in education in 1972, both from West Chester University.[4] She has two children with her ex-husband, former National Basketball Association referee and Supervisor of Officials Ed T. Rush.[5]

The Mighty Macs, a movie about the season leading to the winning of the first women's national basketball championship in 1972, was released in October 2011. Rush is played by Carla Gugino.[6]

Early life

Rush was born in Atlantic City, New Jersey on April 7, 1947 to John and Alice Cowan.[7] She grew up in Egg Harbor Township, New Jersey,[8] a township with over 40,000 residents in 2010, but approximately 5,000 when she was in elementary school. Her elementary school consisted of two rooms, with a single teacher for each room. One room housed the first through third grades, while the other room was for the fourth through sixth grades.[4]

When she reached eighth grade, Rush began playing basketball in the Six-on-six basketball style. Her scoring average was 30 points per game, which earned her the nickname "Big Gun", and she helped earn a position at the county tournament.[4]

In her freshman year, she attended the brand new Oakcrest High School. She played basketball for the high school team, and despite being a freshman, won the county scoring title. However, when she became a sophomore, she learned that the school had dropped interscholastic sports for girls. At the same time, a new teacher arrived with gymnastics experience. The teacher started a gymnastics team, and Rush threw herself into gymnastics. She was appointed team captain, and specialized in the trampoline. Although not an interscholastic activity, the team toured and put on halftime shows and demonstrations.[4] Rush graduated from the high school in 1964.[8]

College

Rush decided to attend West Chester State College in nearby Pennsylvania, majoring in physical education. She played on the basketball team for the first two years, but when the basketball coach left, she dropped basketball and switched to gymnastics.[4] She graduated in 1968.[9]

Coaching—high school and junior high

After college, she accepted a coaching position at Springfield High School in Delaware County, Pennsylvania.[10] This was not a permanent position, as she was filling in for a teacher who was on sabbatical. Rush taught classes, while coaching the basketball, lacrosse and field hockey teams. When the teacher on sabbatical returned, she accepted a position at General Wayne Junior High in Malvern, Pennsylvania. She taught physical education and health classes during her two-year stay at the school.[11][12]

Marriage

Ed T. Rush also attended West Chester University, but graduated in 1964,[13] the year before Cathy arrived. They met on a date, at a basketball game in the Palestra.[14] Cathy was a freshman at the time. They resumed dating two years later, and were married on June 1, 1968.[7][15]

Immaculata

While Rush was at General Wayne Junior High, the coaching opportunity became available at Immaculata, an all-girls Catholic school with an enrollment of 400 students.[16] The job comes with some challenges—the gym has burned down, and there are no plans for replacement, so all games will be away games.[17][18] The salary is $450 per year and the school owns a single basketball.[17] Rush is only 22, barely older than the players she will be coaching.[16] The five starting players are all commuters, driving to school for classes and practice.[19] Yet Rush sees the positives, "It seemed like the perfect job – low key, no pressure, and a way to stay busy during the winter while my husband, Ed, was traveling."[18] In addition to changes for Rush, the game was changing. The 1970-71 season was the first year of five player teams and the 30 second shot clock.[20]

Practices were informal—Rush brought her two young boys, still toddlers, to practice.[21] her husband Ed, jokes, "That's the Immaculata fastbreak: good defense, rebound, outlet pass, and then dodge the kids on the way up the court."[14] Rush was pleasantly surprised at the skill level of her players, and told her husband, an NBA referee, that |I have some player". He condescendingly responded, "Oh, yes, dear. Of course you do."[22] One of her strongest players was Theresa Shank (who would go on to a coaching career that earned her a spot in the Women's Basketball Hall of Fame). Shank was a six-foot center, who started the same year as Rush. The team started out with an 8–0 record. In their ninth game, Shank and Maureen Mooney didn't show up. They didn't have a charter bus, or even a school bus, so the players drove themselves to games. Shank and Mooney were car-pooling. When they didn't arrive for warm ups, Rush was initially angry, but as time passed, she became concerned. Just before the start of the game, the two arrived, announcing they had been in an auto accident. Mooney was shaken up, but Shank broke her collarbone. She was out for the season, and the team went 2–2 for their remaining four games.[18][22]

First championship

The following year, the new gym in Alumnae Hall was completed. The team would no longer have to play all of the games as visitors. However, the new gym wasn't large enough to accommodate bleachers, there was only room for a few rows of chairs.[18] The players were responsible for setting up the chairs before the game and returning them after the game.[23] With Shank now available, the team won all twelve of their regular season games, and earned a spot in the Regional Tournament.

The Regional Tournament format included four games in three days, to reduce the cost of lodging.[23] The Immaculata team won their first three games, and in the final game, faced Rush's alma mater, West Chester State. That game wasn't close, with West Chester State winning by 32 points 70–38. The team thought their season was over and headed home. When they arrived home, they were surprised by a welcome home pep rally. They didn't realize that the invitation for the AIAW national tournament would include regular season results—they were invited as the 15th seed of the 16 invited teams.[24][25] They were one of six teams to lose a game in the regionals, and earn a spot in the first ever AIAW Women's Basketball Tournament.[22]

The team had no budget for post-season travel. The team organized raffles to sell toothbrushes to raise enough money for the trip to Illinois State University. They weren't able to raise enough money for all eleven players so only eight players, plus the coach were able to go. Even then, they had to fly stand-by to stretch their meager funds.[26] They stayed four to a room and two to a bed, limiting their daily spending to seven dollars for meals.[22]

Their first opponent was South Dakota State. Immaculata won 60–47, to move on to the second round. The next day, they faced Indiana, and won a close game 49–46. Without any time off, they played the semifinal round against MSCW, who had won the national championship the prior year.[27] The following day, they would face West Chester College once again, the team that had beaten them by 32 a few days earlier, and the national runner-up in both 1970 and 1971.[27]

Despite Ed's lack of confidence—he cautioned Cathy—"Don’t be disappointed when you lose", the result this time would be different. The Macs won a close game 52–48, and a pregnant Cathy Rush was the head coach of the first AIAW National Champions.[25][28] On the trip home, someone arranged to upgrade the team to first class. When they arrived at the airport, the pilot asked the team to stay on the plane—a large crowd had gathered. Rush realized that her low-key job wasn't going to stay that way.[23] As happy as they had been to win the game, the magnitude of the event didn't sink in until they came home. Only five fans had managed to travel to the tournament, but there were 500 fans at the airport when they returned.[22][29]

Their nickname had been simply "Macs". After the team won the national championship, George Heaslip, the sports editor of the Daily Local News, wrote, “One thing, for sure. They’re going to have to change that nickname. No more ‘Macs.’ How about ‘The Mighty Macs’?”. The nickname was picked up and the team have been known as the Mighty Macs ever since. The term was used for the title of the movie about their championship run.[18][30]

Repeat and three-peat

Rene Muth, later to become Rene Portland, the long-time Penn State women's basketball coach, was on each of the championship teams. Her father owned a hardware store, and provided some buckets which some of the parents and the nuns, banged on with wooden dowels to make noise. This was the beginning of the Bucket Brigade.[22] The team still wore pleated tunics and Chuck Taylor Converse sneakers. Some teams wore tunics, while others wore shorts. The Immaculata team wore tunics until the end of the 1973 season, then switched to a two piece blouse and skirt.[22][29]

The Immaculata team again won all their regular season games in the 72–73 season, and earned a spot in the National Tournament. This year, the tournament was hosted by Queens College in New York, making travel easier. The first-round game was against Florida State, which Immaculata won 59–48. The quarter-finals match was against Western Washington, which they won 66–53. They moved on to play their third game in two days in the semi-final against Southern Connecticut, one of the premier teams of that era. Southern Connecticut had a twelve-point lead with three minutes to go in the game. The Macs fought back and took the lead, only to have Southern Connecticut tie the game with 26 seconds remaining. Marianne Crawford, the freshman guard for Immaculata, put up a shot, but it was coming off the rim. Theresa Shank saw it, and tipped it in as the buzzer sounded for the two point win, 47–45.[31]

The win set up the championship between Immaculata and Queens, playing on the Queens home court. The venue had a seating capacity of 3,000, Some thought the 1972 run had been a fluke, but the repeat performance was convincing fans the Immaculata team was very good. In the championship game, the final score of 59–52 is consistent with a reasonably close game, but the score was 59–37 in the fourth quarter when Rush pulled her starters and the bench players allowed the Queens team to score 15 consecutive points.[31] The win completed the first undefeated season in US college women's basketball history, and the second consecutive National Championship for Immaculata.[28][32]

The Immaculata team went on to win an unprecedented third consecutive championship in the 1974 tournament. After winning a ten-point victory over Kansas State, Immaculata had two close games, winning by four points over Indiana, and by two points over William Penn. In the final, Immaculata faced Mississippi State College for Women, but won by 15 points 68–53.

Subsequent years

Although Shank, the leading player for the Macs, graduated in 1974, the team continued to play at a high level. In 1975, they again earned a spot in the national tournament, and reached the final game against Delta State, coached by Margaret Wade and featuring one of the best players in basketball history Lusia Harris.[33] The Delta State fans had responded to the Bucket Brigade by acquiring wooden blocks as their own noisemakers. Unfortunately, what started as good fun turned ugly, with tempers flaring and some participants throwing dowels and blocks.[34] When the Immaculata parents, following their tradition, brought their buckets to the game to act as noisemakers, they were met by a court order. Delta State had managed to convince a judge to issue a legal writ to bar noisemakers from the game. Delta State went on to win the game 90–81, to win the first of three consecutive championships.

Immaculata made it all the way to the title game in 1976, but again faced Delta State and again Delta State prevailed, this time 69–64. In 1977 Immaculata played in the consolation game for third place and lost to Tennessee 91–71. Although finishing fourth in the nation was a significant accomplishment, the impact of Title IX was allowing many schools to offer scholarships to the best players. Rush decided to retire to raise her family, and left active coaching with a record of 149-15 for a winning percentage of 91%.

Notable Firsts

First nationally televised game

The first nationally televised game is played by Maryland and Immaculata on January 27, 1975. Some sources report that Immaculata won 80–48,[35][36][37] while others report 85–63.[38][39][40]

First women's basketball game in Madison Square Garden

Immaculata played Queens College on February 22, 1975, in front of 11,969 spectators. The arena played Helen Reddy's I Am Woman as the fans entered the arena. The game was a one-point game late in the game, when a foul and a technical were called against Queens but the wrong Immaculata player went to the line. The momentum swung to Immaculata in the confusion and the Macs won a close game 65–61.[40][41][42][43][44]

First women's college team to play outside the US

Immaculata traveled to Australia in July 1974, playing 18 games over the course of the month-long trip, the first United States college team to play a game outside the United States.[45][46]

First undefeated season

The 1973 Immaculata team won all twenty of their games, counting the post-season tournament to become the first undefeated college team for a season.[28][32]

USA Basketball Pan American team

The USA Basketball team had had success in the Pan American games with gold medals in 1955,1959, and 1963, but had come in second place in both 1967 and 1971. In 1975, the team was determined to win the gold, and Cathy Rush was named head coach. One of the leading players on the Pan American team was Lusia Harris, whose Delta State team had beaten Immaculata in the 1975 Championship game, and would do so again in 1976. There were other notable players on the team, such as Pat Head (Summitt), Ann Meyers and others, as well as a 17-year-old high school player, Nancy Lieberman.[47]

The games were originally planned for Chile, then Brazil when Chile withdrew the offer to host, and then Mexico City, where they were eventually held in October. The team roster and coaches were identical to the US National team that placed eighth in the World Championships, held a few weeks earlier. That team finished with a disappointing 4–3 record, but lost the three games by a total of nine points.[48]

The USA's team first opponent was Mexico, a team that finished ahead of the US at the World Championships, and would end up the silver medal winning in this competition. The USA team beat them 99–65, setting a tone for the event. The USA next beat Canada 75–56. They followed that game with a convincing 116–28 victory over El Salvador. Their following game against Cuba was the only close game, with the USA winning by six points 70–64. The USA team then went on to defeat the Dominican Republic 99–50, and Columbia 74–48. This set up the final with Brazil.[47]

The team from Brazil had beaten the USA team in the prior three Pan American competitions, and had won the gold medal in two of them. This time, the USA team won easily 74–55, earning the gold medal for the first time in twelve years.[47]

Title IX impact

The passage of Title IX improved the accessibility of women's sports at many schools, where programs had to increase funding for women's team. Ironically, it hurt Immaculata, who could not financially complete with the larger schools. They decided not to issue scholarships, which made it difficult to attract the top talent.[49] Rush said, "All of a sudden girls who would have been coming to Immaculata were going elsewhere...We didn’t have a chance with those players."[50] Eventually, the school transitioned from Division I to Division III. Rush initially opposed the decision not to offer scholarships, but over time, recognized why the decision was made.[22][32]

Coaching camps

Before Rush decided to retire from active coaching, she and her husband Ed started a summer basketball camp. The camp, known originally in 1971 as the Cathy Rush Basketball Camp, was renamed as the Future Stars Camps, which still operates today (as of 2012).[40] Many notable coaches worked as counselors at some of these camps, including Geno Auriemma and Muffet McGraw.[40]

Breast cancer survivor

In 1990, Rush was diagnosed with breast cancer, but she did not want anyone to know. She went through chemotherapy successfully, and went on to become a spokesperson for the American Cancer Society.[23][51]

Awards and honors

Accomplishments
  • Brought the tiny Immaculata College (under 500 students) into the National spotlight with five trips to the championship game of the AIAW Women's Basketball Tournament in six years, winning three back-to-back titles.
  • Compiled a career record of 149 wins and 15 losses — a 91% winning percentage.[58]
  • Coached and directed the 1975 U.S. Women's basketball team at the Pan American games, leading the team to a gold medal finish.[59]
  • Member of the U.S. Olympic Committee of Women's basketball.[60]
  • Received Special Achievement Awards from both the New Jersey and Philadelphia Sports Writers' Association.
  • 1976—Rush co-authored (with Lawrie Mifflin) a book Women's Basketball on basketball techniques.[7] ISBN 978-0801587948
  • 1979—Served at the director of player personnel and promotions for the California Dreams, a member of the WPBL.[7]

Current activities
  • Future Stars Camps — Cathy is the founding president of Future Stars. For over 35 years, Future Stars has been conducting basketball, field hockey, soccer, all sport, and sports and arts camps for girls and boys.
  • Color Commentating — Cathy has been the color commentator several major networks, including NBC, CBS, CBN, ESPN, PRISM and the Sport Channel.
  • Cathy is a breast cancer survivor and a spokesperson for the American Cancer Society.

Coaching Tree

Seven coaches can trace their background to Cathy Rush:[61][62]

Name Current or most recent position Location Relationship to Rush Years
Theresa Grentz Head Coach Lafayette College (retired) Player 1971-1974
Marianne Stanley Head Coach Indiana Fever Player 1973-1976
Ferne Labati Head Coach Seton Hill University (retired) Assistant Coach 1976–1978
Rene Portland Head Coach Penn State (retired) Player 1972–1975
Suzie McConnell-Serio Head Coach University of Pittsburgh (retired) Player (for Rene Portland) 1984–1988
Nancy Lieberman Assistant Coach Sacramento Kings (retired) Player (for Marianne Crawford Stanley) 1978-1980
Anne Donovan Head Coach Connecticut Sun (retired) Player (for Marianne Crawford Stanley) 1979-1983
Cathy Rush Coaching Tree

Notes
  1. "Hall of Fame honors former Immaculata coach Cathy Rush." Philadelphia Daily News, April 7, 2008. http://www.philly.com/dailynews/sports/20080407_Hall_of_Fame_honors_former_Immaculata_coach_Cathy_Rush.html
  2. Associated Press. "Ewing, Hakeem headline 2008 Naismith Hall of Fame class." ESPN.com, April 7, 2008. http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/news/story?id=3333987
  3. Lulgjuraj, Susan. "'The Mighty Macs,' based on Oakcrest High grad Cathy Rush, set for release today", The Press of Atlantic City, October 21, 2011. Accessed October 28, 2011. "Cathy Rush invited friends to her home in Ventnor a couple of years ago to watch an advance copy of the movie The Mighty Macs....Rush, a native of West Atlantic City in Egg Harbor Township, saw the filming of this movie.... 'My stomach dropped,' said Rush, a 1964 Oakcrest High School graduate. 'It was the most disconcerting thing because it was real.'"
  4. Hawkes, p. 139
  5. Hawkes, p. 138,142
  6. "The Mighty Macs". themightymacs.com. Retrieved 26 August 2011.
  7. Porter, p. 411
  8. LULGJURAJ, SUSAN. "'The Mighty Macs,' based on Oakcrest High grad Cathy Rush, set for release today". The Press of Atlantic City Media Group. Retrieved 7 Dec 2012.
  9. Heiman, Mike. "West Chester's own basketball hall of famer: Cathy Rush". The Quad. Retrieved 7 Dec 2012.
  10. "Cathy Rush inspires at Healthy Woman gala". Main Line Media News. Journal Register Property. Retrieved 8 Dec 2012.
  11. Kocher, Paula. "East Whiteland Native Remembers Cathy Rush the Gym Teacher". MalvernPatch. Retrieved 8 Dec 2012.
  12. Hawkes, p. 140
  13. "Ed T. Rush, Sr". Ed Rush & Associates. Archived from the original on 28 November 2012. Retrieved 8 December 2012.
  14. Rein, Richard K. "Can Coach and Ref Find Happiness Together? Ed & Cathy Rush Manage". PEOPLE magazine. Time Inc. Retrieved 7 Dec 2012.
  15. Hawkes, p. 142
  16. Quinn, Brendan. "She's simply remarkable". Nooga.com. Archived from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 8 Dec 2012.
  17. WILSON, JANE. "Movie On Early Years Of Women's Basketball Inspires". The Georgia Bulletin. Archived from the original on 19 April 2012. Retrieved 8 Dec 2012.
  18. "Honoring a Legacy of Champions" (PDF). Immaculate Magazine. Immaculata University. Retrieved 8 Dec 2012.
  19. LITSKY, FRANK (March 12, 1995). "COLLEGE BASKETBALL; When Small Schools Ruled Women's Game". New York Times. Retrieved 8 Dec 2012.
  20. Hawkes, p. 429
  21. Watford, Jack. "A Mighty Rush" (PDF). Coaching Women's Basketball. Women's Basketball Coaches Association. Retrieved 8 Dec 2012.
  22. Garber, Greg. "Where did it all begin? Just ask Immaculata's Mighty Macs". ESPN. Retrieved 8 Dec 2012.
  23. Tyrrell, Heather (May 7, 2012). "Cathy Rush speaks at Healthy Woman celebration in Phoenixville (with video)". phoenixvillenews. Archived from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 15 Dec 2012.
  24. Greenberg, Mel Greenberg (July 4, 2007). "Mighty Mac Attack Immaculata's storybook season making leap to the big screen Immaculata women's basketball going Hollywood". Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved 15 Dec 2012.
  25. Hawkes, p. 311
  26. Fernandes, Doug (October 19, 2011). "Sarasota woman coached team featured in movie". HeraldTribune. Retrieved 15 Dec 2012.
  27. "Pre-NCAA Statistical Leaders and AIAW Results" (PDF). NCAA. Retrieved 31 Oct 2012.
  28. "CNNSI Recap of 1972 Tournament". Retrieved 2012-12-14.
  29. "Mighty Macs/Fast Facts". Immaculata University. Archived from the original on 2012-05-02. Retrieved 15 Dec 2012.
  30. GEOGHEGAN, NEIL. "Hall of Fame profile: George Heaslip". Daily Local News. Retrieved 8 Dec 2012.
  31. Gross, Jane (April 9, 1973). "She's The Center Of Attention". SI Vault. Time Inc. A Time Warner Company. Retrieved 15 Dec 2012.
  32. "Immaculata — the first women's basketball dynasty". ESPN. Retrieved 14 Dec 2012.
  33. Williamson, Nancy (November 29, 1976). "Stating Delta's Case". SI Vault. Time Inc. A Time Warner Company. Retrieved 15 Dec 2012.
  34. Hult, p. 314
  35. GONZALES, PATRICK (January 29, 2005). "Lights, Camera, Action". Lubbock Avalanche-Journal. Retrieved 4 Dec 2012.
  36. GINSBURG, DAVID. "First women's college basketball game on national TV was hard sell". ACC. Archived from the original on 2013-01-11. Retrieved 4 Dec 2012.
  37. Marshall, Joe (February 3, 1975). "On And Up With The Mighty Macs". SI Vault. Time Inc. A Time Warner Company. Retrieved 15 Dec 2012.
  38. "PSU's JoePa era stretches generations". NCAA.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
  39. "The History of Women's Basketball". WNBA.com. Retrieved 4 Dec 2012.
  40. Farnum, Amy. "The one that started it all". NCAA. Archived from the original on 12 April 2013. Retrieved 15 Dec 2012.
  41. "NY sports history: Feb. 22, 1975". Long Island Newsday. February 21, 2011. Retrieved 8 Dec 2012.
  42. Jenkins, Sally. "History of Women's Basketball". WNBA. Archived from the original on 2013-01-06. Retrieved 8 Dec 2012.
  43. "The Immaculata Mighty Macs Return to the Famous Madison Square Garden to Play Conference Rival". Immaculata University. Archived from the original on 13 February 2013. Retrieved 8 Dec 2012.
  44. Hult, pp. 361–362
  45. "MIGHTY MACS FAST FACts" (PDF). Immaculata University. Retrieved 8 Dec 2012.
  46. "Grentz, Portland share ties with Immaculata". The Daily Collegian. January 22, 1999. Archived from the original on January 6, 2013. Retrieved 8 Dec 2012.
  47. "Seventh Pan American Games -- 1975". USA Basketball. June 10, 2010. Archived from the original on 7 September 2015. Retrieved 12 October 2015.
  48. "Seventh World Championship For Women -- 1975". USA Basketball. February 26, 2014. Archived from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 19 October 2015.
  49. Hult, p. 318
  50. STALLSMITH, SHELLY (June 23, 2012). "Four generations of Title IX: Cathy Rush". The Patriot-News. PennLive LLC. Retrieved 15 Dec 2012.
  51. "CATHY RUSH — NATIONAL CHAMPION WOMEN'S BASKETBALL COACH". CHESTER COUNTY SPORTS HALL OF FAME. Archived from the original on 2013-01-19. Retrieved 8 Dec 2012.
  52. "Inductees". Pennsylvania Sports Hall of Fame. Retrieved 8 Dec 2012.
  53. "WBHOF Inductees". WBHOF. Retrieved 2009-08-01.
  54. "2000 Hall of Fame Inductees". West Chester University. Archived from the original on 2013-01-08. Retrieved 8 Dec 2012.
  55. "Hall of Famers". Basketball Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on 2009-08-31. Retrieved 2009-08-01.
  56. "Cathy Rush To Receive PSAC Award Of Merit From The Conference". West Chester University. Retrieved 8 Dec 2012.
  57. "Lapchick Award names 4 recipients". ESPN. Retrieved 8 Dec 2012.
  58. Cathy Rush
  59. "SEVENTH PAN AMERICAN GAMES -- 1975". USA Basketball. Archived from the original on 2010-01-03. Retrieved 2009-08-03.
  60. Future Stars Basketball Camps by Cathy Rush - The Leader in Summer Basketball Camps Since 1971
  61. Diperna, Jody (December 24, 2008). "Seton Hill boasts legendary coach". Trib Live. Trib Total Media, Inc. Retrieved 3 Nov 2012.
  62. AMDUR, NEIL (April 7, 2002). "A Small-College Link to Women's Game". New York Times. Retrieved 3 Nov 2012.
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References
  • Hawkes, Nena (2000). Celebrating women coaches : a biographical dictionary. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press. p. 139. ISBN 9780313309120.
  • Hult, Joan S.; Trekell, Marianna (1991). A Century of women's basketball : from frailty to final four. Reston, Va: National Association for Girls and Women in Sport. ISBN 9780883144909.
  • Porter, David L., ed. (2005). Basketball: A Biographical Dictionary. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-30952-6.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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