Capotes Formation

The Capotes Formation (Spanish: Formación Capotes, Kic) is a geological formation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The formation consists of calcareous black shales containing gypsum and ammonites and dates to the Early Cretaceous period; Early Albian epoch and has an approximate thickness at its type section of 550 metres (1,800 ft).

Capotes Formation Stratigraphic range: Early Albian ~112–108 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Type	Geological formation
Unit of	Villeta Group
Underlies	Hiló Formation
Overlies	El Peñón Fm., Socotá Fm.
Thickness	550 m (1,800 ft)
Lithology
Primary	Calcareous black shale
Other	Gypsum
Location
Coordinates	5°15′13″N 74°20′28″W
Region	Eastern Ranges, Andes
Country	Colombia
Type section
Named for	Hacienda Capotes, Viotá
Named by	Cáceres & Etayo
Location	Bituima-Guayabal
Year defined	1969
Coordinates	5°15′13″N 74°20′28″W
Region	Cundinamarca
Country	Colombia
Thickness at type section	550 m (1,800 ft)
Paleogeography of Northern South America 105 Ma, by Ron Blakey

Etymology

The formation was defined in 1969 by Cáceres and Etayo as a member of the Socotá Formation.[1][2] The name is derived from Hacienda Capotes, southeast of Viotá.[3]

Description

Lithologies

The Capotes Formation has a thickness at its type section of approximately 550 metres (1,800 ft), and is characterised by a sequence of organic rich calcareous shales with gypsum. Fossils of Douvilleiceras solitae, Neodeshayesites columbianus and Paracrioceras sp. have been found in the Capotes Formation.[2][4]

Stratigraphy and depositional environment

The Capotes Formation, part of the Villeta Group, overlies the Socotá and El Peñón Formations, and is overlain by the Hiló Formation. The age has been estimated to be Early Albian. Stratigraphically, the formation is time equivalent with the Simití Formation.[5] The formation has been deposited in a quiet enclosed shallow marine environment.[2] In terms of sequence stratigraphy, the Albian of current central Colombia experienced a transgressive to highstand sequence.[6]

Outcrops

Type locality of the Capotes Formation to the west of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense

The Capotes Formation is apart from its type locality along the road between Bituima and Guayabal,[2] also found north and southeast of Viotá,[7] and north and east of La Mesa.[8]

Regional correlations

Cretaceous stratigraphy of the central Colombian Eastern Ranges

Age	Paleomap	VMM	Guaduas-Vélez		W Emerald Belt		Villeta anticlinal		Chiquinquirá- Arcabuco	Tunja- Duitama	Altiplano Cundiboyacense		El Cocuy
Maastrichtian		Umir	Córdoba		Seca		eroded		Guaduas				Colón-Mito Juan
					Umir				Guadalupe
Campanian					Córdoba
					Oliní
Santonian		La Luna	Cimarrona - La Tabla										La Luna
Coniacian			Oliní				Villeta	Conejo		Chipaque
			Güagüaquí	Loma Gorda	undefined			La Frontera
Turonian				Hondita	La Frontera	Otanche
Cenomanian		Simití	hiatus		La Corona			Simijaca					Capacho
					Pacho Fm.			Hiló - Pacho	Churuvita	Une			Aguardiente
Albian					Hiló				Chiquinquirá	Tibasosa	Une
		Tablazo			Tablazo			Capotes - La Palma - Simití	Simití				Tibú-Mercedes
Aptian					Capotes			Socotá - El Peñón	Paja		Fómeque
		Paja			Paja	El Peñón		Trincheras					Río Negro
							La Naveta
Barremian
Hauterivian						Muzo					Cáqueza	Las Juntas
		Rosablanca							Ritoque
Valanginian					Ritoque	Furatena	Útica - Murca		Rosablanca	hiatus		Macanal
					Rosablanca
Berriasian		Cumbre			Cumbre				Los Medios			Guavio
		Tambor			Arcabuco				Cumbre
Sources

See also

Geology of the Eastern Hills

Geology of the Ocetá Páramo

Geology of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense

References

1. Acosta & Ulloa, 2002, p.41
2. Acosta & Ulloa, 2002, p.42
3. Vargas & Barrantas, 2013, p.8
4. Moreno Bedmar et al., 2015
5. Acosta & Ulloa, 2001, p.91
6. Villamil, 2012, p.169
7. Plancha 246, 1998
8. Plancha 227, 1998

Bibliography

• Acosta Garay, Jorge E., and Carlos E. Ulloa Melo. 2002. Mapa Geológico del Departamento de Cundinamarca - 1:250,000 - Memoria explicativa, 1–108. INGEOMINAS. Accessed 2017-06-05.
• Acosta Garay, Jorge, and Carlos E Ulloa Melo. 2001. Geología de la Plancha 208 Villeta - 1:100,000, 1-84. INGEOMINAS. Accessed 2017-06-05.
• Moreno Bedmar, J.A; R. Martínez; J.V. Rodríguez, and Hermann Durán Bermúdez. 2015. Algunos ammonites del Cretácico de la Cordillera Oriental de Colombia, _. XV Congreso Colombiano de Geología, 2015. Accessed 2017-06-05.
• Vargas Quintero, Jhonn, and Daniel Mauricio Barrantas. 2013. Efectos del tránsito en la estabilidad de taludes, 1-185. Universidad La Javeriana.
• Villamil, Tomas. 2012. Chronology Relative Sea Level History and a New Sequence Stratigraphic Model for Basinal Cretaceous Facies of Colombia, 161–216. Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM).

Maps

• Ulloa, Carlos, and Jorge Acosta. 1998. Plancha 208 - Villeta - 1:100,000, 1. INGEOMINAS. Accessed 2017-06-06.
• Ulloa, Carlos E; Erasmo Rodríguez, and Jorge E. Acosta. 1998. Plancha 227 - La Mesa - 1:100,000, 1. INGEOMINAS. Accessed 2017-06-06.
• Acosta, Jorge E., and Carlos E. Ulloa. 1998. Plancha 246 - Fusagasugá - 1:100,000, 1. INGEOMINAS. Accessed 2017-06-06.

External links

• Gómez, J.; N.E. Montes; Á. Nivia, and H. Diederix. 2015. Plancha 5-09 del Atlas Geológico de Colombia 2015 – escala 1:500,000, 1. Servicio Geológico Colombiano. Accessed 2017-06-05.