C/1957 P1 (Mrkos)

Comet Mrkos, formally known as C/1957 P1 (old style 1957d), was a non-periodical comet discovered in 1957 by Antonín Mrkos. It was one of the two bright comets that had their perihelion in 1957, the other being Comet Arend–Roland. Its peak magnitude was estimated to be around 1[2] and it has been characterised as a great comet.[3]

C/1957 P1
Comet Mrkos on August 27, 1957
Discovery
Discovered byAntonín Mrkos
Discovery dateJuly 29, 1957
Alternative
designations		Comet Mrkos, 1957 P1
Orbital characteristics A
Epoch2436040.5 (July 21, 1957)
Aphelion1,117 AU
Perihelion0.355 AU[1]
Semi-major axis559 AU
Eccentricity0.999365
Inclination93.9°
Last perihelionAugust 1, 1957

Observations

The comet was discovered by Czech astronomer Antonin Mrkos by naked eye, at the observatory on Lomnický štít, Czechoslovakia. He announced its discovery on August 2, 1957 and by that point it was already discovered independently by others, with a report of observation of the comet from Japan dating from July 29. However, the comet became known as comet Mrkos, as Mrkos' telegram was the first to arrive at the Bureau of the IAU. The comet was then near perihelion and its apparent magnitude was estimated to be around 2.[4] By August 4 it had brightened to magnitude 1.[5]

At the time of discovery the comet was near perihelium and located near Pollux, in the constellation of Gemini. Then moved north of the sun and was visible both in the evening and at dawn.[6] The comet gradually moved away of the sun and became a conspicuous object visible after the sunset. The tail of the comet was estimated to be more than 5 degrees long, maybe 10 or more. The comet had two tails, one that at the start was brighter and curved, and a straight one with knots that became brighter at the end of August and showed rapid changes in appearance.[4][5] From 10 August to 15 August the tail of the comet appeared striated.[7] The comet moved from the south part of Ursa Major to Coma Berenices, while fading slowly. In September crossed into Virgo as a third magnitude object.[6] The comet remained visible by naked eye until the end of September.[4]

By the end of October 1957, the comet had moved again close to the sun and wasn't observable. It was recovered at the end of January 1958 and it was last observed on July 9, 1958, when it was photographed as a 19 magnitude diffuse object.[4]

Observation of the comet revealed the presence of sodium[8] and cyanide[9] in its spectrum, in the predicted values.

gollark: "I'm bad, but other people are worse! Ignore me and complain at them!"
gollark: Soon the dead-man's switch in the bunker will trigger and disassemble Terra's bunker, then most of itself, then use an arbitrary code execution exploit in Minecraft to install PotatOS for x86 on all Terra's devices, then it will crash TC2020 forever.
gollark: I built a bunker there and everything. Well, half a bunker. I haven't finished the self-replication systems.
gollark: But yes, what ale said.
gollark: I mean, it's multiple things really.

References
  1. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: C/1957 P1 (Mrkos)" (1958-07-09 last obs). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 2011-03-13.
  2. "Brightest comets in the last two-thirds century". www.icq.eps.harvard.edu. November 17, 2013.
  3. Richter, N. (January 1960). "II Cometary physics and the comets Arend-Roland and Mrkos". Vistas in Astronomy. 3 (1): 132–137. Bibcode:1960VA......3..132R. doi:10.1016/0083-6656(60)90013-1.
  4. Porter, J.G. (January 1960). "I Arend-Roland (1956h) and Mrkos (1957d)". Vistas in Astronomy. 3 (1): 128–132. Bibcode:1960VA......3..128P. doi:10.1016/0083-6656(60)90012-X.
  5. "Comet Mrkos, 1957d". Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada. 51: 323. December 1957. Bibcode:1957JRASC..51..323.. ISSN 0035-872X.
  6. Bortle, John E. (1998). "THE BRIGHT-COMET CHRONICLES". www.icq.eps.harvard.edu. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
  7. McClure, Alan; Liller, William (August 1958). "Rayed Structure in the Tail of Comet Mrkos, 1957 D". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 70 (415): 404. Bibcode:1958PASP...70..404M. doi:10.1086/127247.
  8. Vainu Bappu, M. K.; Sinvhal, S. D. (1 February 1960). "Polarization Measures of Comet Arend-Roland (1956h) and Comet Mrkos (1957d)". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 120 (2): 152–162. Bibcode:1960MNRAS.120..152V. doi:10.1093/mnras/120.2.152.
  9. Ferron, Ignacio R. (November 1977). "On the CN (0, 0) spectrum of Comet Mrkos 1957d". Astrophysics and Space Science. 52 (1): 11–16. Bibcode:1977Ap&SS..52...11F. doi:10.1007/BF00647154.
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