252P/LINEAR

Comet 252P/LINEAR is a periodic comet and near-Earth object discovered by the LINEAR survey on April 7, 2000. The comet is an Earth-Jupiter family comet, meaning that it passes quite close to both Earth and Jupiter.[2] This causes its orbit to be perturbed frequently on an astronomical timescale.

252P/LINEAR
Sequence of images shows Comet 252P/LINEAR near Earth.[1]
Discovery
Discovered byLincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research (LINEAR)
Discovery date2000/04/07
Orbital characteristics A
Epoch2015-Aug-01 (JD 2457235.5)
Observation arc16 years
Aphelion5.1079 AU
Perihelion0.9961 AU
Semi-major axis3.0520 AU
Eccentricity0.6736
Orbital period5.33 years (1947 days)
Inclination10.4046°
TJupiter2.8
Earth MOID0.0138 AU (2,060,000 km)
Jupiter MOID0.1973 AU (29,520,000 km)[2]
Dimensions100-400 meters
Comet total
magnitude (M1)		18.9 ± 1
Comet nuclear
magnitude (M2)		22.7 ± 0.9
Last perihelion2016/03/15
2010/11/13
Next perihelion2021-Jul-10[3]

The nominal orbit of 252P/LINEAR [2001] (K102/1) was thrown into the near-Earth region by Jupiter in February 1785,[4] before which it had a perihelion near that of Mars (1774–1785). Prior to this, it had a perihelion in the asteroid belt (1607–1690) and even further before was most likely a Jupiter Trojan. Since its Jupiter MOID is currently 0.2 AU,[2] Jupiter remains the primary factor in its orbital disruption.

At some point before 1860, 252P/LINEAR separated from a secondary, smaller fragment discovered in January 2016, designated P/2016 BA14 (PANSTARRS).[5][6] The nucleus of the secondary is 60–200 meters wide, half that of the primary. 252P/LINEAR will get as close as 0.0356 AU (13.9 LD) to Earth on 21 March 2016 and P/2016 BA14 (PANSTARRS) will get as close as 0.0237 AU (9.2 LD) to Earth on 22 March 2016.[7]

Associated meteor shower

252P/LINEAR is predicted to perhaps make a weak new meteor shower during its 2016 approach. Peter Jenniskens and Jeremie Vaubaillon calculated that possible meteors from this comet would radiate from the constellation of Lepus, south of Orion, from a radiant at R.A. = 77.0 deg, Decl. = -16.3 deg., with a slow geocentric velocity of Vg = 11.1 km/s on March 28 and 29, when Earth reaches the comet orbit. Rates will be low. There are no encounters with the dust trails created since A.D. 1850, but instead a diffuse cloud of perturbed meteoroids ejected during 1894-1926 is calculated to be in Earth's path (see CBET telegram 4267).[8]

Quan-Zhi Ye calculated that possible meteors from comet P/2016 BA14 (PANSTARRS) would radiate from the constellation Columba, south of Lepus during the late UT hours of March 20. The radiant is at R.A. = 82 deg, Decl. = -39 deg, with geocentric velocity Vg = 14.1 km/s. Meteoroids ejected since A.D. 1750 were studied, with also no dust trail encounters found in 2016 (see CBET telegram 4259).[9]

A meteor shower has been observed with a similar orbit to 252P/LINEAR, previously known as the March Lyncids, in the constellation Lynx. It is not known for certain if the shower is related to the comet.

Fragment
Main article: P/2016 BA14

P/2016 BA14 was radar imaged at distance of 2.2 million miles (9 lunar distances) during a flyby of Earth in 2016.[10] This enabled the size of the nucleus to be calculated to be about 3000 to 3300 feet (1 km) in diameter, which was bigger than expected.[10]

2016 BA14 had unique history in that when it was discovered in January 2016 by a PanSTARRS telescope, it was thought to be an asteroid and went by a provisional minor planet designation 2016 BA14.[11] An astronomer then realized the body's orbit was very similar to 252P/LINEAR, which lead to a follow up observation by the Lowell Discovery Telescope.[11] The body showed a tail, identifying it as a probable comet and then named P/2016 BA14.[11]


Comet 252P/LINEAR appearing as a fuzzy and greenish blob above Paranal Observatory [12]
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See also

References
  1. "Comet 252P/LINEAR". Retrieved 16 May 2016.
  2. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 252P/LINEAR" (last observation: 2016-07-31; arc: 117 days).
  3. "252P/LINEAR Orbit". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 2017-04-09.
  4. Horizons output. "Orbital Elements for Comet 252P/LINEAR [2001] (K102/1)". Retrieved 2017-04-13. (Ephemeris Type:Elements)
  5. JPL SBDB: 2016BA14
  6. Agle, DC; Brown, Dwayne; Cantillo, Laurie (18 March 2016). "A 'Tail' of Two Comets". NASA. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
  7. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on March 7, 2014. Retrieved March 4, 2014.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  8. "COMET 252P/LINEAR" (TXT). Cbat.eps.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2016-04-01.
  9. "POSSIBLE METEOR ACTIVITY FROM COMET P/2016 BA14" (TXT). Cbat.eps.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2016-04-01.
  10. "Flyby Comet Was WAY Bigger Than Thought". Space.com. Retrieved 2018-11-07.
  12. "An Infrequent Visitor to the Skies Above Paranal". Retrieved 7 April 2016.
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