Batala
Batala is the eighth largest city in the state of Punjab, India in terms of population after Ludhiana, Amritsar, Jalandhar, Patiala, Bathinda, Mohali and Hoshiarpur. Batala ranks as the second oldest city after Bathinda. It is a municipal corporation (since 3 March 2019) in Gurdaspur District in the Majha region of the state of Punjab, India. It is located about 32 km from Gurdaspur, the headquarters of the district. It is also a Police District. Batala holds the status of the most populated town of the district with 31% of the total population of district. It is the biggest industrial town in the district. It a centre of the Majha region of Punjab.
Batala | |
|---|---|
City | |
  Batala Location in Punjab, India  Batala Batala (India)  Batala Batala (Asia) | |
| Coordinates: 31.8186°N 75.2028°E | |
| Country |  |
| State | Punjab |
| District | Gurdaspur |
| Region | Majha |
| Founded by | Raja Ram Deo |
| Government | |
| • Type | Local Self Government |
| • Body | Batala Municipal corporation |
| Area (2015) | |
| • City | 42 km2 (16 sq mi) |
| Area rank | 8th |
| Elevation | 249 m (817 ft) |
| Population (2015) | |
| • City | 211,594 |
| • Density | 5,000/km2 (13,000/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 617,780 |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Punjabi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 143505 |
| Telephone code | 01871[1] |
| Vehicle registration | PB-18 |
| Distance from Amritsar | 33 kilometres (21 mi) NE (land) |
| Distance from Jalandhar | 78 kilometres (48 mi) NE (land) |
| Distance from Chandigarh | 203 kilometres (126 mi) NE (land) |
| Distance from Delhi | 470 kilometres (290 mi) NE (land) |
| Lok Sabha constituency | Gurdaspur (Lok Sabha constituency) |
| Punjab Legislative Assembly constituency | Batala Assembly Constituency |
Batala is an important place for Sikh devotees. Guru Nanak Dev Ji, the founder of the Sikh religion was married here to Sulakhni, the daughter of Mul Chand Chauna in 1485.[2] Many temples and gurdwaras related to the guru's marriage attract devotees from near and far. Every year celebrations are conducted on the anniversary of Guru Nanak's marriage. The gurudwara name kandh sahib where every year guru nanak marriage anniversary held. This marriage festival called babe nanak da viah in Punjabi language. There is also a historical gurdwara Satkartarian sahib related to 6th guru of Sikhs Shri Hargobind ji.
Batala was once known as the Iron Bird of Asia as it produced the highest amount of C.I. Casting, agricultural and mechanical machinery. Batala is still one of the leading cities in Northern India in manufacturing of C.I Casting and mechanical machinery. It's also an agricultural marketplace and industrial center. Cotton ginning, weaving, sugar refining, and rice milling are some of other industries taking place here.
History
The city was founded in 1465 CE by Raja Ram Deo, a Bhati Rajput. Later, during the Mughal rule, Akbar gave it in jagir to his foster brother, Shamsher Khan. Batala was a very famous city of the Punjab region, just like Lahore, Jalandhar and other major cities in the 16th century, and it is 109 years older than Amritsar. The whole city was lying within a fort. It had 12 gates as entrances and exit. These gates are still known by their old names, e.g. Sheran Wala Gate, Khajuri Gate, Bhandari Gate, Ohri Gate, Thathiari Gate, Hathi Gate, Pahari Gate, Mori Gate, Kapoori Gate, Achli Gate etc. Some of them still survive although their condition is in need of attention. [3]
Other historic places in Batala are gurdwaras where Guru Nanak stayed during his lifetime. There are also numerous other gurdwaras of significant importance to Sikhs and therefore attract thousands of Sikhs from around the globe.
In British India, Batala was the headquarters of a tehsil in the Gurdaspur district of the Punjab province. The allocation of the Gurdaspur district during the Partition of India was highly contested because it was in central Punjab and had roughly equal proportion of Muslim and non-Muslim populations. Viceroy Lord Wavell allocated three eastern tehsils of the district (Gurdaspur, Batala and Pathankot) to India, and one western teshil (Shakargarh) to Pakistan. However, it continued to be contested. The whole district was shown as part of Pakistan in the 'notional partition line' in the Indian Independence Act 1947 and the issue was referred to the Punjab Boundary Commission. The final partition line ('Radcliffe Line') eventually confirmed Wavell's division of the district, with the result that Batala became part of India. For three days, 14–17 August 1947, Batala was regarded as part of Pakistan, then added to Indian territory.[4][5][6]
After the partition line was announced, many Muslims left Batala and went to Pakistan and many Hindus and Sikhs were settled here. Then Hindus and Sikhs settled there and Batala now has a Hindu majority which holds more than 56% of city's total population.
Landmarks
Located in Gurdaspur district, 38 kilometres (24 mi) from Amritsar on the Kashmir Grand Trunk road. One of the older towns in the province of Lahore in earlier times, Batala is home to many monuments of religious and historic importance, such as Hazira Park, Barah Dari, Hakikat Samadh.These monuments are connected with Sikh history and the Mughal period. The city consists of several churches constructed during the British Raj.
Jal Mahal (Baradari)
The Jal Mahal and the palace of Maharaja Sher Singh were built by the Maharaja (CE 1780–1839). The palace is under the control of the authorities of the local Baring Union Christian College. The administrative offices of the college are housed in it. Jal Mahal is under the control of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI). Jal Mahal (Baradari) and the palace of Maharaja Sher Singh were connected through a tunnel. According to some senior citizens, Shamsher Khan Tank of Jal Mahal used to be filled with water through the tunnel, which was further connected to a long tunnel (canal) to the Beas, near Kahnuwan. The remnants of the tunnel can be seen near Baring Christian College.
Maharaja Sher Singh used to hold meetings of his courtiers in Jal Mahal. The water reservoir was built by Shamsher Khan while the beautiful Baradari in the centre of the tank was constructed by Maharaja Sher Singh. It has a square room in the centre of a pavilion with a passageway. The entry to the first floor is by a staircase with concave-shaped steps on the north-eastern canal. Jal Mahal has eight doors in the lower part of the building and four in the upper storey. The inner wall contained beautiful art glass carvings and wall paintings. However, major parts of the paintings have been erased or damaged. The roof of the pavilion has also fallen. The Municipal Council provided a tubewell to fill up the tank till the eighties. All sides of the reservoir were lined with Nanakshahi bricks. However, with the passage of time the brick lining has been destroyed. Nowadays, on one side of the tank is located a vridh ashram owned and managed by the Dainik Prarthana Sabha. There also exists Bhadr Kali Mandir and Shivala. The upper portion of Jal Mahal is in a dilapidated condition and the time is not far when this magnificent structure will pass into oblivion.
Gurdwara Kandh Sahib
Guru Nanak Dev Ji was married here to Bibi Sulakhani Ji. He was engaged to the daughter of Mul Chand Chauna who along with the Brahmin priests insisted on a traditional Hindu marriage while Guru Nanak Dev Jiwanted a simple marriage. Guru Nanak Dev ji was sitting beside a crooked mud wall (kandh) discussing the marriage plans with the Brahmin clergy. It was planned to push the wall on top of the Guru but Guru Nanak Dev ji was warned of the plan by an old woman. Guru Nanak Dev Ji just smiled and said "This wall will not fall for centuries. The will of God shall prevail." The wall is still preserved within the Gurdwara and a celebration is held here every year on the anniversary of Guru Nanak's marriage. At walking distance of two minutes there is Gurudwara Dera sahib, which was house of mata sulakhni ji (bride of Guru Nanak dev ji). An ancient well is situated in Gurudwara dera sahib, it is said that water of well is having special curing powers in itself.
Kali Dwara Mandir
Another very famous and the most-visited devotional place here is the temple dedicated to Goddess Kali. It’s situated in the heart of city i.e., Chakri Bazar and maximum rush is seen on Tuesdays. During Navratri time, a lot of people from city and surrounding region visit the temple. People of Batala and outside have true faith on Mata Kali Dwara Mandir. Many other temples are also situated in Batala City.
Demographics
As per provisional data from the 2011 census, the Batala urban agglomeration had a population of 158,404, out of which males were 83,536 and females were 74,868. The literacy rate was 85.28 per cent.[7]
Economy
Minerals
Foundry sand is found in Dharamkot, near Batala; the deposits are located 6.5 km west of Batala. Exposed on both sides of Batala-Dera Baba Nanak road, the Dharmkot sand is a natural moulding sand, containing about 20% clay. Another deposit which is about 4 metres thick, occurs at about 6 km from Batala on the Batala Qadian road. The sand has a yellowish tinge on the surface, but is reddish brown at a depth of about 1 metre.
The sand deposits are also found at Bhagwanpur about 15 km west of Batala on Dera Baba Nanak Road and about 10 km from Gurdaspur on the Gurdaspur Naushera Road (20 percent clay).
Salt petre occurs in the district at the villages of Thikriwala, Pandori in the tehsils of Gurdaspur and Dhawan, Chataurgarh and Badowal in the tehsil of Batala. It is a source of potassium nitrate which can be used for making crackers and gunpowder, in the match and sugar industries, and as fertilizer.
Transport
Batala is an important industrial town famous for the manufacture of machine tools and woolen products. Therefore, it is well connected with the other cities and towns of Punjab by road and railways. Government and private buses are the main source of journey to other cities. Batala has the only government bus depot in the district.
Roadways
National Highway 54 (old NH15) connecting Hanumangarh in Rajasthan with Pathankot in Punjab passes through Batala and connects it with Pathankot, Amritsar and Bhatinda, Batala is also well connected by State Highway with NH-44, thus connecting it with Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Chandigarh and New Delhi, the capital of India.
Rail
Batala railway station (station code BAT) is on the Amritsar-Pathankot line of the Firozpur division of the Northern Railway zone of the Indian Railways. Amritsar Junction Railway Station located about 38 kilometres (24 mi) from the town is the nearest major railway station. Train to Qadian is another diversion from Batala. Ministry of Railways has accepted in 2010 Budget plan to connect the Batala-Quadian rail link to Jalandhar via Beas Junction. The project would start soon. This project will help connect Batala to high-speed Amritsar-Delhi section and cutting travel time to Jalandhar by 1 hour, with no need to go via Amritsar.
Air
Guru Ram Das International Airport serving the city of Amritsar is the nearest international airport and is located about 40 km from the town.Pathankot Airport in Pathankot, situated 70 kilometres (43 mi) away from Batala is the nearest military airport.
Schools and colleges
Batala has a number of schools and colleges affiliated to different boards.
Colleges
- Baring Union Christian College (GNDU)[9]
- Batala Institute of Medical Science, Sarwali, Dera road, Batala[10]
- IK Gujral PTU campus Batala (degree college)
- Gagan College Batala
- Gagan Naturotherapy Medical College Batala
- Government Polytechnic college Batala
- Guru Nanak Dev College
- R.R. Bawa DAV College for Girls
- Royal Institute of Nursing
- S.L. Bawa DAV College
- V.M.S. institute of information and technology
Schools
- Dr. MRS Bhalla DAV School, Qila mandi Batala. (PSEB)
- Govt. Senior Secondary school (Boys) Near Gurudwara kandh Sahib Batala. (PSEB)
- Akshey sareen's school
- Arya girls Sr. secondary school (PSEB)
- Baring School(ICSE)
- BVN Sainik High School
- Cambridge International School (CBSE)
- City young School, ICSE
- DAV Centenary Public School (CBSE)
- Des Raj DAV Senior Secondary School(CBSE)
- Evergreen science & sports school, achalsahib(chahalkalan)(PSEB)
- F.c. Verma Sr. Secondary School (PSEB)
- F.S.M. Silver Creek School (ICSE)
- Gems Cambridge International School, Batala
- Guru Nanak School
- Guru Nanak Khalsa Sr/Sec (Narowal ) Batala
- Hollyhock High School, Batala
- Kotli Bhan Singh primary school
- Methodist sen.sec. school(PSEB)
- R D Khosla DAV Model Senior Secondary School(CBSE)
- Saheed Baba Deep Singh Modern School, Dhupsari
- Salvation Army School and College
- St. Francis School (ICSE) [11]
- WoodStock Public School, Anarkali Rd, Batala(CBSE)
- Excelsior Public (CBSE)
- Shri Guru Nanak Dev Academy Kandila Batala
Notable people
- Shiv Kumar Batalvi - Poet
- Mumtaz Mufti – Renowned Pakistani writer, philosopher and psychologist, awarded the high Pakistani civilian award Sitara-e-Imtiaz and Munshi Premchand award.[12]
- Bhupinder Singh Mann – Ex Member of Parliament (Rajya Sabha from 1990–96), nominated by President of India for outstanding contribution to the cause of Indian Farmers.
- Prabhjot Singh – famous Hockey player of Indian Men's Hockey Team.
- Gurpartap Singh Mann - Member of Punjab Public Service Commission (PPSC)
- Surjit Singh Randhawa - famous hockey player of Indian Men's Hockey Team.
- Surendra Nath Sharma-Indian Hindi films actor,singer.
- Dr. Naresh Trehan. India’s leading Cardiologist and Cardiothoracic Surgeon, Founder of MEDANTA
- Baba Ghulam Farid Batalvi - famous Muslim Saints and Sufi
- Shamsher Khan - Ruler of Batala at the time of Emperor Akbar, as he was the foster brother of Akbar
- Maulana Abdul Majeed Salik, Journalist and poet.
- Ashiq Hussain Batalvi. Writer and Historian
- Dev Anand - He studied at Batala, Dharamshala and Lahore before partion.
See also
References
- "Telephone directory of Gurdaspur district". gurdaspur.nic.in. Archived from the original on 14 February 2018. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
- "About District". Archived from the original on 2 August 2005.
- Batala Town Imperial Gazetteer of India – vol.7 pg.133
- Tan, Tai Yong; Kudaisya, Gyanesh (2000), The Aftermath of Partition in South Asia, Routledge, pp. 91–, ISBN 978-1-134-44048-1
- Sialkoti, Zulfiqar Ali (2014), "An Analytical Study of the Punjab Boundary Line Issue during the Last Two Decades of the British Raj until the Declaration of 3 June 1947" (PDF), Pakistan Journal of History and Culture, XXXV (2)
- Ilahi, Shereen (2003). "The Radcliffe Boundary Commission and the Fate of Kashmir". India Review. 2 (1): 77–102. doi:10.1080/714002326. ISSN 1473-6489.
- "Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (PDF). Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
- "Batala City Population Census 2011 – Punjab".
- http://buccbatala.org/
- http://batalainstituteofmedicalsciences.com/
- https://www.stfrancisbatala.com/
- "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 17 June 2013. Retrieved 9 June 2013.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
