Baby, It's Cold Outside

"Baby, It's Cold Outside" is a popular song written by Frank Loesser in 1944 and introduced to the public in the 1949 film Neptune's Daughter. While the lyrics make no mention of a holiday, it is popularly regarded as a Christmas song owing to its winter theme. The song was released in eight recordings in 1949 and has been covered numerous times since.

For other works with this title, see Baby, It's Cold Outside (disambiguation).

"Baby, It's Cold Outside"
Song
Written	1944
Published	1949 by Susan Publications/Edwin H Morris and Co.
Songwriter(s)	Frank Loesser

Since 2009, the song has faced some criticism for the presumed implications of its lyrics as depicting sexual assault or harassment. In 2018, the airing of the song was cancelled by a number of radio stations, such as the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's streaming service, due to some listeners' concerns about the lyrics,[1] but later reinstated it after public backlash.[2]

History

During the 1940s, whenever Hollywood celebrities with vocal talents attended parties, they were expected to perform songs. In 1944, Loesser wrote "Baby, It's Cold Outside" to sing with his wife, Lynn Garland, at their housewarming party in New York City at the Navarro Hotel. They sang the song to indicate to guests that it was time to leave.[3] Garland has written that after the first performance, "We became instant parlor room stars. We got invited to all the best parties for years on the basis of 'Baby.' It was our ticket to caviar and truffles. Parties were built around our being the closing act."[3] In 1948, after years of performing the song, Loesser sold it to MGM for the 1949 romantic comedy Neptune's Daughter. Garland was furious: "I felt as betrayed as if I'd caught him in bed with another woman."[4] The song won the 1949 Academy Award for Best Original Song.[5][6]

Lyrics

This duet is a conversation between two people, a host (called "Wolf" in the score, usually performed by a male singer) and a guest (called "Mouse", usually performed by a female), in call and response form. Every line in the song features a statement from the guest followed by a response from the host. While both the Wolf and the Mouse want the night to continue, the Mouse says they "ought to say no, no, no, sir" and return home, because of what family and neighbors will think.[7] In the film Neptune's Daughter the song is first performed by Ricardo Montalbán and Esther Williams, then by Betty Garrett and Red Skelton but with a comic parody twist: this time the man wants to leave and the woman is the host and wants him to stay.[8]

In at least one published version the tempo of the song is given as "Loesserando", a humorous reference to the composer's name.[9]

1949 recordings

• Pearl Bailey and Hot Lips Page; released by Harmony Records[10]
• Don Cornell and Laura Leslie with the Sammy Kaye orchestra; recorded on April 12 and released by RCA Victor (reached the Billboard Best Seller chart on June 24, 1949, and lasted 10 weeks on the chart, peaking at No. 13)[11]
• Bing Crosby and James Stewart, abbreviated radio performance with Stewart taking the "mouse" part, from The Bing Crosby – Chesterfield Show; released on The Bing Crosby Christmas Gift Collection [12]
• Doris Day and Bob Hope; radio performance from The Bob Hope Show[13]
• Ella Fitzgerald and Louis Jordan; recorded on April 28 and released by Decca Records (reached the Billboard Best Seller chart on June 17, 1949, and lasted seven weeks on the chart, peaking at No. 17)[11]
• Lynn Garland and Frank Loesser (credited as Lynn & Frank Loesser); released by Mercury Records[14]
• Homer and Jethro and June Carter; released by RCA Victor[15]
• Dean Martin and Marilyn Maxwell; radio performance from The Martin and Lewis Show; released on several compilations, including The Very Best of Dean Martin and Relax, It's Dean Martin, Vol 2 [16]
• Dinah Shore and Buddy Clark; recorded on March 17 and released by Columbia Records[11]
• Margaret Whiting and Johnny Mercer; recorded on March 18 and released by Capitol Records (reached the Billboard Best Seller chart on May 6, 1949, and lasted 19 weeks on the chart, peaking at No. 4)[11] This recording is frequently mistaken as being sung by Doris Day and Bing Crosby.[17]
• Esther Williams and Ricardo Montalbán; released by MGM Records[18]

Other recordings

Year	Performer	Work	Source
1951	Louis Armstrong and Velma Middleton	Satchmo at Pasadena	[19]
1955	Eddie Fisher and June Hutton	Eddie Fisher Sings Academy Award Winning Songs	[20]
1957	Sammy Davis Jr. and Carmen McRae	Boy Meets Girl	[21][22]
1959	Jack Marshall (instrumental)	Soundsville!	[23]
1959	Dean Martin and female chorus[24]	A Winter Romance	[25]
1961	Ray Charles and Betty Carter	Ray Charles and Betty Carter	[26]
1961	Sacha Distel and unidentified female	From Paris with Love	[27]
1964	Al Hirt and Ann-Margret	Beauty and the Beard	[28]
1964	Steve Lawrence and Eydie Gorme	That Holiday Feeling!	[29]
1966	Ted Heath and Edmundo Ros (instrumental)	Heath vs. Ros: Round 2	[30]
1966	Henry Mancini, female and male choirs	The Academy Award Songs	[31]
1966	Nina & Frederik		[32]
1966	Jimmy Smith and Wes Montgomery (instrumental)	Jimmy & Wes: The Dynamic Duo	[33]
1967	Skeeter Davis and Don Bowman		[34]
1972	Rod McKuen and Liesbeth List		[35]
1979	Blossom Dearie and Bob Dorough	Needlepoint Magic, Vol. 5	[36]
1990	Barry Manilow and K. T. Oslin	Because It's Christmas	[37]
1991	Bette Midler and James Caan	For the Boys	[38]
1994	Nancy LaMott and Michael Feinstein	Just in Time for Christmas	[39]
1995	Lou Rawls and Dianne Reeves	Jazz to the World	[40]
1996	Vanessa Williams and Bobby Caldwell	Star Bright	[41]
1998	Ann Hampton Callaway and Kenny Rankin	This Christmas	[42]
1999	Tom Jones and Cerys Matthews	Reload	[43]
2000	Tom Wopat and Antonia Bennett	The Still of the Night	[44]
2001	Suzy Bogguss and Delbert McClinton	Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas	[45]
2000	Holly Cole	Baby, It's Cold Outside	[46]
2002	Brian Setzer and Ann-Margret	Boogie Woogie Christmas	[47]
2002	Lee Ann Womack and Harry Connick Jr.	The Season for Romance	[48]
2003	Zooey Deschanel and Leon Redbone	Elf	[49]
2004	Jessica Simpson and Nick Lachey	ReJoyce: The Christmas Album	[50]
2004	Rod Stewart and Dolly Parton	Stardust: The Great American Songbook, Volume III	[51]
2004	James Taylor and Natalie Cole	A Christmas Album	[52]
2008	Anne Murray and Michael Bublé	Anne Murray's Christmas Album	[53]
2009	Lady Antebellum	Country for Christmas	[54]
2009	Willie Nelson and Norah Jones	American Classic	[55]
2009	Rick Dempsey and Deanna Bogart	Home Run Holiday	[56]
2010	Chris Colfer and Darren Criss	Glee: The Music, The Christmas Album	[57]
2011	Haley Reinhart and Casey Abrams		[58]
2011	She & Him	A Very She & Him Christmas	[59]
2012	Colbie Caillat and Gavin DeGraw	Christmas in the Sand	[60]
2012	Rufus Wainwright and Sharon Van Etten	Holidays Rule	[61]
2012	Rita Coolidge	A Rita Coolidge Christmas	[62]
2012	Cee Lo Green and Christina Aguilera	Cee Lo's Magic Moment	[63]
2012	Lyle Lovett and Kat Edmonson	Release Me	[64]
2012	Mac Miller and Ariana Grande	Larry Lovestein | | [65]
2013	Kelly Clarkson and Ronnie Dunn	Wrapped in Red	[66]
2013	Jimmy Fallon and Cecily Strong	Saturday Night Live	[67][68]
2013	Lady Gaga and Joseph Gordon-Levitt	Lady Gaga and the Muppets Holiday Spectacular	[69]
2013	Martina McBride and Dean Martin	The Classic Christmas Album	[70]
2014	Connie Britton and Will Chase	Christmas with Nashville	[71]
2014	Joey DeFrancesco (instrumental)	Home for the Holidays	[72]
2014	Seth MacFarlane and Sara Bareilles	Holiday for Swing	[73]
2014	Idina Menzel and Michael Bublé	Holiday Wishes	[74]
2014	Darius Rucker and Sheryl Crow	Home for the Holidays	[75]
2014	Virginia to Vegas and Alyssa Reid		[76]
2016	Garth Brooks and Trisha Yearwood	Christmas Together	[77]
2016	Jimmy Buffett and Nadirah Shakoor[lower-alpha 1]	'Tis the SeaSon	[79]
2016	Brett Eldredge and Meghan Trainor	Glow	[80]
2016	John Farnham and Olivia Newton-John	Friends for Christmas	[81]
2016	Amy Grant and Vince Gill	Tennessee Christmas	[82]
2017	Fantasia and CeeLo Green	Christmas After Midnight	[83]
2017	Kelley Jakle and Shelley Regner	Pitch Perfect 3	[84]
2017	Avril Lavigne and Jonny Blu		[85]
2017	Adrienne Bailon and Israel Houghton	Baby It's Cold Outside / Frio Frio	[86]
2018	Aaron Watson	An Aaron Watson Family Christmas	[87]
2019	The Boys	Christmas with the Boys	[88]
2019	Disco Pirates	It’s Cold Outside (Don’t Go)	[89]
2019	John Legend and Kelly Clarkson	A Legendary Christmas: Deluxe Edition	[90]
2019	Scott Matthew and Sia	Silent Nights	[91]

1. Buffett and Shakoor reverse the gender-specific lyrics, with he the "Mouse" and she the "Wolf".[78]

Lyrics controversy

Since 2009, the song has faced criticism in some feminist circles for the alleged implications of its lyrics, with certain elements, such as the line "What's in this drink?" and the "wolf's" (man's) unrelenting pressure for the "mouse" (woman) to stay in spite of her repeated suggestions that she should go home, being described as suggestive of sexual harassment or even date rape.[92][93] However, others have noted that cultural expectations at the time of the song's writing were such that women were not socially permitted to spend the night with a boyfriend or fiancé, and that the woman states that she wants to stay, while "What's in this drink?" was a common idiom of the period used to rebuke social expectations by blaming one's actions on the influence of alcohol.[92][94][95] Susan Loesser, the daughter of Frank Loesser, blamed the song's negative connotation on its association with Bill Cosby after television programs such as Saturday Night Live and South Park depicted the song being performed by the comedian, who had been accused of sexually assaulting several women and later convicted in one case.[96][97]

In 2018, the airing of the song was cancelled by a number of radio stations including Canada's CBC streaming service, after social media criticism and public pressure regarding the song's lyrics.[1] On November 30, 2018, Cleveland, Ohio, radio station WDOK Star 102 announced that it had removed the song from its playlist due to its lyric content, based on listener input, "amid the Me Too movement".[98] On December 4, 2018, the Canadian radio broadcasters Bell Media, CBC Radio, and Rogers Media followed suit. The decision was divisive among critics and the general public, with supporters arguing that the song's possible implications of date rape did not align with current societal norms, and others arguing that the decision was an appeal to political correctness.[99][100][101] Station KOIT in San Francisco, having placed the song "on hold" pending listener feedback, returned it to the playlist after 77% of respondents opposed its removal.[102] CBC Radio subsequently reinstated the song as well.[2] Following the controversy, the song rose to the top 10 of Billboard's digital sales list for the week of December 22, 2018, with a 70% increase in downloads.[103]

In 2019, vocalists John Legend and Kelly Clarkson recorded the song with modified lyrics (written by Legend and Natasha Rothwell, and attempting to address some of the aforementioned criticisms) for a new deluxe edition of Legend's A Legendary Christmas album.[104] Deana Martin, whose father Dean Martin recorded a popular version of the song in 1959, criticized the new interpretation as "absurd," saying her father would not have approved of altering the lyrics (which she maintained to be more sexually explicit in the new version than in Loesser's original) in order to appease contemporary sensibilities.[105]

Charts

Dean Martin version Chart (2007–19) Peak position Canada (Hot Canadian Digital Songs)[106] 10 Canada AC (Billboard)[107] with Martina McBride 7 Euro Digital Tracks (Billboard)[108] with Frank Sinatra & Sammy Davis Jr. 13 US Billboard Hot 100[109] 45 US Hot 100 Reccurents (Billboard)[110] 2 US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[111] with Martina McBride 7 US Country Airplay (Billboard)[112] with Martina McBride 36 US Holiday 100 (Billboard)[113] 65 US Holiday 100 (Billboard)[113] with Martina McBride 63 US Rolling Stone Top 100[114] 21 Ray Charles and Betty Carter version Chart (1962) Peak position US Billboard Hot 100[115] 91 Ella Fitzgerald and Louis Jordan version Chart (2010–12) Peak position US Jazz Digital Songs (Billboard)[116] 2 US Holiday Digital Songs (Billboard)[117] 11 Glee Cast version Chart (2010–12) Peak position Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[118] 53 US Billboard Hot 100[119] 57 Willie Nelson and Norah Jones version Chart (2010) Peak position US Hot Country Songs (Billboard)[120] 55 She & Him version Chart (2012) Peak position US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[121] 16 US Holiday Digital Songs (Billboard)[122] 15

Lady Antebellum version Chart (2011–12) Peak position US Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles (Billboard)[123] 3 US Digital Song Sales (Billboard)[124] 69 US Holiday 100 (Billboard)[125] 26 Kelly Clarkson and Ronnie Dunn version Chart (2013) Peak position South Korea International Singles (Gaon)[126] 127 US Holiday Digital Songs (Billboard)[127] 6 Idina Menzel and Michael Bublé version Chart (2014–15) Peak position Canada AC (Billboard)[128] 1 US Billboard Hot 100[129] 78 US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[130] 1 US Holiday 100 (Billboard)[131] 14 Brett Eldredge and Meghan Trainor version Chart (2016–19) Peak position Belgium (Ultratip Flanders)[132] 46 Belgium (Ultratip Wallonia)[133] 46 Canada AC (Billboard)[134] 15 Netherlands (Single Top 100)[135] 55 Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[136] 93 Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[137] 59 US Billboard Hot 100[138] 78 US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[139] 1 US Hot Country Songs (Billboard)[140] 26 US Holiday 100 (Billboard)[141] 14 John Legend and Kelly Clarkson version Chart (2019–20) Peak position Canada AC (Billboard)[142] 25 New Zealand Hot Singles (RMNZ)[143] 22 US Holiday Digital Songs (Billboard)[144] 5 US R&B Digital Songs (Billboard)[145] 6

Year-end charts

Idina Menzel and Michael Bublé version

Chart (2015)	Position
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[146]	45

Brett Eldredge and Meghan Trainor version

Chart (2017)	Position
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[147]	50

See also

• List of Billboard Adult Contemporary number ones of 2014, 2015, and 2017 (U.S.)

• Streisand effect

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External links

• 27 Takes On Frank Loesser's 'Baby, It's Cold Outside' Broadwayworld
• Is 'Baby, It's Cold Outside' About Date Rape? Snopes. Includes 1949 recording by the Loessers