Jump blues

Jump blues is an up-tempo style of blues, usually played by small groups and featuring horn instruments. It was popular in the 1940s and was a precursor of rhythm and blues and rock and roll.[2] Appreciation of jump blues was renewed in the 1990s as part of the swing revival.

Jump blues
Stylistic origins
Cultural originsLate 1930s, U.S.
Typical instruments
  • Brass instruments
  • electric guitar
  • piano
  • double bass
  • drums
Fusion genres

Origins
Louis Jordan in 1946

Jump blues evolved from the music of big bands such as those of Lionel Hampton and Lucky Millinder. These bands of the early 1940s produced musicians such as Louis Jordan, Jack McVea, Earl Bostic, and Arnett Cobb.[3]

Blues and jazz were part of the same musical world, with many accomplished musicians straddling both genres.[4] Jump bands such as the Tympany Five, which came into being at the same time as the boogie-woogie revival, achieved maximum effect with an eight-to-the-bar boogie-woogie style.[5]

Lionel Hampton recorded the stomping big-band blues song "Flying Home" in 1942.[2] Featuring a choked, screaming tenor sax performance by Illinois Jacquet, the song was a hit in the "race" category.[6] When released, however, Billboard described the tune as "an unusually swingy side...with a bright bounce in the medium tempo and a steady drive maintained, it's a jumper that defies standing still". Billboard also noted that Benny Goodman had a hand in writing the tune "back in the old Goodman Sextet Days".[7] Billboard went on to state that "apart from the fact that it is Lionel Hampton's theme, "Flying Home" is a sure-fire to make the youngsters shed their nickels—and gladly."[8] Five years later Billboard noted the inclusion of "Flying Home" in a show that was "strictly for hepsters who go for swing and boogie, and beats in loud, hot unrelenting style a la Lionel Hampton....The Hampton band gave with everything, practically wearing itself out with such numbers as 'Hey Bop a Re Bop', 'Hamp Boogie' and 'Flying Home'"[9]

Both Hampton and Jordan combined the popular boogie-woogie rhythm, a grittier version of swing-era saxophone styles as exemplified by Coleman Hawkins and Ben Webster, and playful, humorous lyrics or verbal asides laced with jive talk.[6]

As this urban, jazz-based music became more popular, musicians who wanted to "play for the people" began favoring a heavy, insistent beat. which appealed to black listeners who no longer wished to be identified with "life down home."[10]

Jump groups, employed to play for jitterbugs at a much lower cost than big bands, became popular with agents and ballroom owners. The saxophonist Art Chaney said "[w]e were insulted when an audience wouldn't dance".[5]

Jump was especially popular in the late 1940s and early 1950s, through artists such as Louis Jordan, Big Joe Turner, Roy Brown, Charles Brown, Helen Humes, T-Bone Walker, Roy Milton, Billy Wright, Wynonie Harris, Louis Prima, and Sonny Terry and Brownie McGhee.[2]

Revival

Beginning in the 1980s, jump blues has seen a revival. Newer artists performing in the genre include Roomful of Blues, Brian Setzer, Mitch Woods and His Rocket 88s, and Ross Bon & The Mighty Blue Kings.

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See also

References
  1. Bogdanov, Vladimir; Woodstra, Chris; Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. All Music Guide to Country: The Definitive Guide to Country Music. p. 912
  2. Du Noyer, Paul (2003). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Music. Fulham, London: Flame Tree Publishing. p. 170. ISBN 1-904041-96-5.
  3. Dietsche, pp. 9–10.
  4. Wald, p. 198.
  5. Dietsche, p. 9.
  6. Palmer, p. 134.
  7. Billboard, June 17, 1944, carried an ad (p. 18) listing Goodman as a co-writer.
  8. Billboard. July 4, 1942. p. 74.
  9. Billboard. July 5, 1947.
  10. Palmer, p. 146.

Further reading
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