August 1903
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The following events occurred in August 1903:
August 1, 1903 (Saturday)
- Polish Cardinal Jan Puzyna de Kosielsko issues a veto (jus exclusivae) against the nomination of the front runner, Cardinal Mariano Rampolla, in the name of Emperor Franz Josef I of Austria. The veto is refused, but Rampolla loses some of his support.
- Died: Calamity Jane (Martha Jane Canary), frontierswoman and professional scout, 51 (alcohol-related inflammation of the bowel and/or pneumonia)[1]
August 2, 1903 (Sunday)
- The Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising, organized by the Secret Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization, breaks out in the Ottoman provinces of Macedonia and Adrianople.
- Pittencrieff Park in Dunfermline, Scotland, is gifted to the people of the town by Dunfermline native Andrew Carnegie.[2]
- The US schooner Tennie and Laura capsizes and sinks in Lake Michigan, 9 nautical miles (17 km) off Port Washington, Wisconsin. One of the two crew members is killed.
- The final of Sweden's 1903 Svenska Mästerskapet football tournament is won by Göteborgs IF.[3]
August 3, 1903 (Monday)
- Born:
- Habib Bourguiba, Tunisian lawyer and politician, President of Tunisia 1957–1987, in Monastir (d. 2000)
- Fahri Korutürk, Turkish naval officer and politician, President of Turkey 1973–80, in Constantinople, Ottoman Empire (d. 1987)
August 4, 1903 (Tuesday)
- After five rounds of voting by the papal conclave, Pope Pius X (Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto) succeeds Pope Leo XIII, becoming the 257th pope.[4]
- Born: Helen Kane, US singer, in New York City (died 1966)
August 5, 1903 (Wednesday)
- Born: Prince Nicholas of Romania, second son of King Ferdinand I of Romania and his wife Queen Marie, at Peleş Castle, Sinaia.[5] (died 1978)
August 6, 1903 (Thursday)
- The 2nd Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, presided over by Lenin, is forced by police action to relocate from Brussels, Belgium, to London, UK.[6]
- The second tropical cyclone of the season is observed east of the Windward Islands.
- King Edward VII of the United Kingdom appoints Henry Northcote, 1st Baron Northcote, as the next Governor-General of Australia with effect from January 1904.[7]
August 7, 1903 (Friday)
- Born: Louis Leakey, Kenyan paleoanthropologist and archaeologist, in Kabete, East Africa Protectorate (died 1972)
August 8, 1903 (Saturday)
- During a Philadelphia Phillies home match at Baker Bowl a balcony collapses, killing four people and injuring many more.[8] The Phillies temporarily move to Columbia Park pending repairs.[9]
- The British government writes to other parties involved in the Berlin Conference of 1884-5, with details of abuses and atrocities in the Congo for which King Leopold II of Belgium was deemed responsible.[10]
August 9, 1903 (Sunday)
- At his coronation ceremony, Pope Pius X shocks his entourage by wearing a simple pectoral cross made of gilded metal, which he says is the only one he owns.[11]
- The tropical storm observed on August 6 strikes Martinique, leaving thousands homeless in Fort-de-France and surrounding villages. Eight people are killed.[12]
- Kerry GAA defeat Cork GAA in the semi-final of the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship - Munster division at Millstreet.
August 10, 1903 (Monday)
- Paris Métro train fire: After several attempts to extinguish a fire on the wooden-bodied Train 43–52, the flames get out of control and 84 people are killed, most at Couronnes station.
- The Oseberg Ship, a 9th-century Viking ship, is discovered in a large burial mound at a farm near Tønsberg, Vestfold, Norway.[13]
August 11, 1903 (Tuesday)
- A hurricane strikes Jamaica, devastating the island's northern shore and wrecking several ships. Between 65 and 90 people are killed.[14]
- Two people are killed when an earthquake of magnitude 8.1 strikes Kythera, Greece[15][16]
- Died: Eugenio María de Hostos, 64, Puerto Rican lawyer, philosopher and campaigner[17]
August 12, 1903 (Wednesday)
- The hurricane that struck Jamaica on August 11 reaches the Cayman Islands, destroying 200 homes and seven churches on Grand Cayman alone.[18]
August 13, 1903 (Thursday)
August 14, 1903 (Friday)
- The Land Purchase (Ireland) Act is passed in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, encouraging landlords to sell their Irish estates to tenants.[19]
August 15, 1903 (Saturday)
- The post of Commanding General of the United States Army is replaced by that of Chief of Staff of the Army; Samuel B. M. Young is the first to take the new title.
August 16, 1903 (Sunday)
- The hurricane that has already devastated Jamaica dissipates over San Luis Potosí, Mexico, where it causes significant flooding in the area between Tampico and Cárdenas.[20]
August 17, 1903 (Monday)
- The Great Western Railway is the first British railway company to operate its own road motor services when it begins running buses between Helston and The Lizard in Cornwall.[21]
August 18, 1903 (Tuesday)
- German inventor Karl Jatho gets his motorized heavier-than-air aircraft up to 200 feet (60 m) above the ground.[22]
August 19, 1903 (Wednesday)
- Born: James Gould Cozzens, US novelist, in Chicago (died 1978)
August 20, 1903 (Thursday)
August 21, 1903 (Friday)
- Captain Robert Falcon Scott, on his first Antarctic expedition, observes that the expedition's second long polar night has ended when he sees the sun's rim above the northern horizon.[23]
August 22, 1903 (Saturday)
- Died: Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, 73, three times Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
August 23, 1903 (Sunday)
- The Australian screw steamer Narara catches fire at her moorings at Sackville, New South Wales, Australia, and is scuttled. The ship was later refloated, repaired, and returned to service.
August 24, 1903 (Monday)
- Laurence Doherty defeats William Clothier 6–3, 6–2, 6–3 in the Final of the U.S. Men's National Singles Championship, which took place a day late because of rain the previous day.[24]
- Born: Graham Sutherland, English artist, in Streatham (died 1980)
August 25, 1903 (Tuesday)
- The Judiciary Act is passed in the Australian parliament, regulating the structure of Australia's judicial system and conferring jurisdiction on Australian federal courts.[25]
- Teresa Urrea's home in Los Angeles, United States, where she had been supporting Mexican workers, is destroyed by fire.[26]
August 26, 1903 (Wednesday)
August 27, 1903 (Thursday)
- Lord Northcote, Governor of Bombay, informs Lord George Hamilton that he and his wife are leaving India.[27]
August 28, 1903 (Friday)
August 29, 1903 (Saturday)
- George Ade's play, The County Chairman, is performed for the first time, at the Auditorium in South Bend, Indiana, United States.[28]
August 30, 1903 (Sunday)
August 31, 1903 (Monday)
- Born: Arthur Godfrey, US broadcaster, in Manhattan (died 1983)
gollark: What now?
gollark: Paying them a lot is actually somewhat good in that it hopefully attracts better people, and makes them less likely to take money from others.
gollark: > If they're fit to rule they will survive.I mean, kind of? If you randomly remove governments *somehow* when they run into some kind of issue, I figure you would introduce far more problems.
gollark: That would probably be bad. Governments do important things. Sometimes.
gollark: Big governments are ALWAYS in debt. They seem to magically materialize money somehow.
References
- Straub, Patrick (10 November 2009). It Happened in South Dakota: Remarkable Events That Shaped History. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 33. ISBN 978-0-7627-6171-5.
- "Mr. Carnegie And Dunfermline". The Times (37153). London. 1903-08-07. p. 10.
- Alsiö, Martin; Frantz, Alf; Lindahl, Jimmy; et al., eds. (2004). 100 år: Svenska fotbollförbundets jubileumsbok 1904-2004, del 2: statistiken. Vällingby: Stroemberg Media Group. ISBN 91-86184-59-8.
- Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
- "Fourth Generation". ancestry.com. Retrieved 12 May 2016., date given as 18 August Gregorian calendar, which converts to 5 August in the Julian calendar used in Romania at the time.
- Krupskaya, Reminiscences of Lenin
- The Advertiser, 10 August 1903, page 4
- "Grand Stand Falls; 4 Killed, 125 Injured" (PDF). New York Times. August 9, 1903.
- Macht, Norman L.; Connie Mack, III (2007). Connie Mack and the Early Years of Baseball. University of Nebraska Press. p. 316. ISBN 0-8032-3263-2. Retrieved May 22, 2009.
- William Roger Louis (2006). Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization. I.B.Tauris. pp. 154–. ISBN 978-1-84511-347-6.
- Avella, Steven M; Zalar, Jeffrey (Fall 1997), "Sanctity in the Era of Catholic Action: The Case of St. Pius X", Catholic Historian (Spirituality and Devotionalism ed.), US, 15 (4), pp. 57–80
- "Renders 5,000 Homeless". Pittsburgh Daily Post. Washington, D.C. August 12, 1903. p. 1. Retrieved May 30, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
- Durham, Keith. Noon, Steve. (2002). Viking Longship Osprey Publishing ISBN 1-84176-349-7
- "Ninety Lives Lost in Jamaica Storm". Los Angeles Herald-Express. Washington, D.C. September 18, 1903. Retrieved May 17, 2016 – via California Digital Newspaper Collection.
- "Centennial Earthquake Catalog". United States Geological Survey. August 11, 1903. Retrieved November 16, 2015.
- "Significant Earthquake GREECE: MITATA (KYTHERA)". National Geophysical Data Center. August 11, 1903. Retrieved November 16, 2015.
- Sánchez, Luis Alberto. "Eugenio María de Hostos". Escritores representativos de América. Madrid: Gredos 2 (1963): 147–54
- Jose F. Partagas (1997). Year 1903 (PDF). Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. pp. 48–52. Retrieved May 17, 2016.
- Miller, David W.: Church, State and Nation in Ireland 1898–1921 Land for the People pp.77–94, Gill & Macmillan (1973) ISBN 0-7171-0645-4
- "Storm's Work in Mexico" (PDF). The New York Times. Austin, Texas. August 22, 1903. Retrieved May 30, 2016.
- Cummings, John (1980). Railway Motor Buses and Bus Services in the British Isles 1902–1933, volume 2. Oxford: Oxford Publishing Company. ISBN 0-86093-050-5.
- "The Pioneers : An Anthology : Karl Jatho (1873–1933)". Retrieved 6 August 2016.
- Ann Savours (4 April 2013). The Voyages of the Discovery: An Illustrated History of Scott's Ship. Seaforth Publishing. pp. 54–. ISBN 978-1-84832-702-3.
- "Tennis Final Postponed" (PDF). The New York Times. August 26, 1903.
- ALRC Report 92: A Review of the Judiciary Act 1903 and Related Legislation – Australian Law Reform Commission Review (July 2001)
- Paul J. Vanderwood (1998). The Power of God Against the Guns of Government: Religious Upheaval in Mexico at the Turn of the Nineteenth Century. Stanford University Press. pp. 384–. ISBN 978-0-8047-3039-6.
- Elizabeth Taylor (31 May 2013). The Old World and the New: The Marriage and Colonial Adventures of Lord and Lady Northcote. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 74–. ISBN 978-1-4438-4919-7.
- Playbill (October 1903)
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