Anchor Brewing Company

Anchor Brewing Company is an American alcoholic beverage producer, operating a brewery on Potrero Hill in San Francisco, California. The brewery was founded in 1896 and was purchased by Frederick Louis Maytag III in 1965, saving it from closure. It moved to its current location in 1979. It is one of the last remaining breweries to produce California common beer, also known as Steam Beer, a trademark owned by the company.

Anchor Brewing Company

Type	Subsidiary
Industry	Alcoholic beverages
Founded	1896
Founder	Ernst F. Baruth Otto Schinkel, Jr.
Headquarters	Potrero Hill, San Francisco, California , United States 37.7636°N 122.4005°W / 37.7636; -122.4005
Area served	Worldwide
Key people	Frederick Louis Maytag III Arnold Schwarzenegger Joseph Kraus August Meyer Henry Tietjen Mark Carpenter Joe Allen Jim Glowner Lawrence Steese Garrett Kelly
Products	Beer
Production output	132,000 barrels (2013)[1]
Parent	Sapporo Holdings
Website	anchorbrewing.com

In 2010 the company was purchased by The Griffin Group, an investment and consulting company focused on beverage alcohol brands. The brewery became one facet of the Anchor Brewers & Distillers, LLC portfolio.

On 3 August 2017, it was acquired by Japanese brewing giant Sapporo Breweries for US$85 million.[2][3]

The Anchor Brewing Company building on Potrero Hill in San Francisco (2020)

History

Anchor began during the California Gold Rush when Gottlieb Brekle arrived from Germany and began brewing in San Francisco. In 1896, Ernst F. Baruth and his son-in-law, Otto Schinkel, Jr., bought an old brewery at 1431 Pacific Avenue and named it Anchor Brewery. The brewery burned down in the fires that followed the 1906 earthquake, but was rebuilt at a different location in 1907.[4] There is no record of what Anchor did during Prohibition, but it resumed serving Steam Beer after Repeal, possibly as the only steam brewing company still in operation.[5] However the brewery burned down yet again within the year, and it relocated once more, this time to a building a few blocks away.

The brewery continued operations into the late 1950s, but suffered heavily from the country's increasingly strong preference for the light lagers produced by the megabreweries.[6] Whereas there had been more than 4,000 breweries at the turn of the twentieth century, only 70 remained by the 1960s.[7]

Anchor shut its doors briefly in 1959, but was bought and reopened the following year.[8] By 1965, however, it was doing so poorly that it nearly closed again. Anchor's situation continued to deteriorate largely because the current owners lacked the expertise, equipment, and attention to cleanliness that are required to produce consistent batches of beer for commercial consumption. The brewery gained a deserved reputation for producing sour, bad beer.[9]

In 1965, Frederick Louis "Fritz" Maytag III bought the brewery, saving it from closure.[10] He purchased 51 percent of the brewery for several thousand dollars, and later purchased the brewery outright.[11] It moved to its current location near Potrero Hill in 1979.[12][13]

Turning the failing brewery around required more than the money in Maytag's fortune. He also had to change the character of the beer that was produced there. Between purchasing Anchor and producing the first batches of bottled Anchor Steam in 1971, Maytag had to learn the brewing process from scratch, invest in improvements to the equipment, and focus heavily on cleanliness in the brewing process.[9] The new beer was a definitive representative of California common beer, a derivative of historic steam beer.[14]

Stirring hops into the wort in the brewhouse.

Before offering in bottles, sales were only as draft beer to thirty local establishments that had long carried the brand. Total production was only 800 barrels in 1969, 1,200 in 1970, and 2,100 in 1971.[15] The bottles were initially sold in four-packs, to keep the price close to mainstream six-packs.[16]

During the 1980s Anchor Steam Beer began to achieve national notice and demand increased from only a few thousand cases per year that had been produced in the old location. It was the first of the modern microbreweries, being among the first American breweries to produce a porter, barley wine, or India pale ale with regularity. Its success inspired many others to enter the brewing business,[7] notably New Albion.[17]

Open-top fermentation tanks are used

The brewery offers tours and tastings weekly, by reservation. Above the beer taps is a row of Christmas Ale bottles, one from each year beginning 1975.

In 1989 the company produced a limited edition of beer (known in Sumerian as sikaru) which they named Ninkasi after the Sumerian goddess of beer. It was based on a scholarly reconstruction of an ancient Sumerian recipe known as the "hymn to Ninkasi".[18] The recipe started with a twice-baked bread known as bappir as well as malt, and was sweetened with honey and dates. It did not include hops or other bittering ingredients, so it was considerably sweeter than modern beers.[19] The recipe is described by Charlie Papazian.[20] Also in 1989, the brewing process for a batch of Steam was interrupted during the Loma Prieta earthquake. The resulting (altered) brew was released as normal Anchor Steam, but with an inverted label; this beer has come to be referred to as Earthquake Beer.[21]

In 1993, the company opened Anchor Distillery, a microdistillery in the same location as the brewery, and began making a single malt rye whiskey, named Old Potrero after the hill. In 1997, the microdistillery began producing gin, called Junípero—Spanish for juniper, and a reference to Fr. Junípero Serra, an important figure in San Francisco's and California's history. Recently they have also begun producing a Jenever style gin called Genevieve, using wheat, barley, rye, and the same herbal ingredients as their Junípero gin.

In 2010, Maytag sold the company to the former Skyy vodka executives Keith Greggor and Tony Foglio, from Novato, Calif., who planned to expand Anchor's business while keeping its commitment to artisan brewing.[7] In 2013, the brewery launched Anchor California Lager, a re-creation of a historic Boca Brewing lager from the 1870s.[22] The brewery also announced a major expansion plan at Pier 48 in the Mission Rock neighborhood near Oracle Park,[23] which would expand Anchor's maximum annual production capacity from 180,000 barrels to 680,000 barrels.[23]

In 2014, Anchor officially announced Anchor IPA,[24] the first India Pale Ale in the brewery's history.[1] Anchor ended production of its winter seasonal Bock in 2014[25] and replaced it a year later with Anchor Winter Wheat.[26]

In 2017, Anchor was purchased by Sapporo.[27]

In 2019, Anchor Brewing workers voted by an almost 2-to-1 margin to join the International Longshoremen and Warehousing Union, making Anchor Brewing – including Anchor Public Taps, the brewery's on-site brew pub – the first unionized craft brewery in the United States.[28]

Products

Anchor has a year-round range of seven beers, as well as several seasonal beers.[29] In 2012, Anchor introduced the Zymaster series, which places an emphasis on brewing tradition.[30] These beers are generally of an extremely limited nature.

Core beers

Name	Alcohol by volume	Style	First brewed
Anchor Steam	4.8%	Steam beer	1896
Anchor Small	3.3%	Small beer	1997 (Retired)
Liberty Ale	5.9%	American pale ale	1975
Anchor Porter	5.6%	Porter	1972
Old Foghorn	8–10%	Barley wine	1975
Breckle's Brown	6.0%	Brown ale	2010 (Retired)
Anchor California Lager	4.9%	Lager	2012
Humming Ale	5.9%	Export ale	2009 (Retired)
Anchor IPA	6.5%	India pale ale	2013
Our Barrel Ale[31]	6.5%	Barrel-aged beer	2009

Seasonal beers

Name	Alcohol by volume	Style	Availability	First brewed
Winter Wheat	7%	Wheat beer	November–January	2015 (Retired)
Saison	7.2%	Saison	February–April	2014 (Retired)
Summer Wheat	4.5%	Wheat beer	May–July	1984 (Retired)
BigLeaf Maple Autumn Red	6%	Red ale	August–October	2013 (Retired)
Christmas Ale (a.k.a. Our Special Ale)	5–6%	Christmas beer	November–February	1975

Zymaster Series[32]

• No. 1: California Lager
• No. 2: Mark's Mild
• No. 3: Flying Cloud San Francisco Stout
• No. 4: Fort Ross Farmhouse Ale
• No. 5: Harvest One American Pale Ale
• No. 6: Saaremaa Ale[33]
• No. 7: Potrero Hill Sour Mash IPA
• No. 8: Luxardo Cherry Ale

See also

• California breweries
• Barrel-aged beer

References

1. Holl, John (May 19, 2014). "Anchor IPA: A First For Established Brewer". All About Beer Magazine.
2. "San Francisco's Anchor Brewing acquired by Sapporo". San Francisco Chronicle. 3 August 2017. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
3. Millar, Rupert (4 August 2017). "SAPPORO ACQUIRES ANCHOR BREWING FOR $85M". thedrinksbusiness.com. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
4. "Anchor Brewing: Our History I". Anchor Brewing Company. 27 January 2010. Archived from the original on 15 September 2010. Retrieved 28 September 2010.
5. "Anchor Brewing: Our History II". Anchor Brewing Company. 27 January 2010. Archived from the original on 5 October 2010. Retrieved 28 September 2010.
6. "Anchor Brewing: Our History III". Anchor Brewing Company. 27 January 2010. Archived from the original on 5 October 2010. Retrieved 28 September 2010.
7. Tom Abate (27 April 2010). "Anchor Brewing Co. sold to Greggor, Foglio". The San Francisco Chronicle.
8. "Anchor Brewing: Our History IV". Anchor Brewing Company. 27 January 2010. Archived from the original on 5 October 2010. Retrieved 28 September 2010.
9. Ogle, Maureen (2006). Ambitious Brew: The Story of American Beer. Orlando: Harcourt. ISBN 978-0-15-101012-7.
10. "San Francisco brewer finds growing market for steam beer". Eugene Register-Guard. Associated Press. March 16, 1972. p. 9A.
11. Anchor Brewing Company -- Company History
12. Prial, Frank J. (July 13, 1984). "Should a wine lover be seen in a brewery?". Lexington (NC) Dispatch. New York Times News Service. p. 9.
13. "Anchor Brewing Company: Company History". Funding Universe. Archived from the original on 27 May 2009. Retrieved 2009-06-06.
14. Lefler, Jack (June 9, 1975). "Steam beer is hot item among young in Frisco". Milwaukee Journal. Associated Press. p. green sheet.
15. Hillinger, Charles. "The last steam beer brewery". Lakeland (FL) Ledger. (Los Angeles Times).
16. Gorman, John (July 6, 1986). "Anchor Steam: the coddled beer". The Day. New London, CT. (Chicago Tribune). p. C4.
17. Acitelli, Tom (2013). The Audacity of Hops: The History of America's Craft Beer Revolution. Chicago: Chicago Review Press. p. 335. ISBN 9781613743881. OCLC 828193572.
18. Helfferich, Carla (17 July 1991). "Beer before Bread". Alaska Science Forum. Archived from the original on 2011-08-11. Retrieved 25 February 2011.
19. "Sumerian Beer Project". Anchor Brewing. Archived from the original on 15 September 2010. Retrieved 23 September 2010.
20. Papazian, Charlie (1994). Home Brewer's Companion. New York: Avon Books. ISBN 0-380-77287-6.
21. Pershan, Caleb (23 October 2014). "WHOA! PRISTINE 6-PACK OF LEGENDARY EARTHQUAKE BEER". Gannett Co. Inc. The Bold Italic. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
22. "Anchor Brewing Company Launches Anchor California Lager® And Forms Partnership with California State Parks Foundation". February 7, 2013. Retrieved February 26, 2013.
23. "Anchor Brewing to Quadruple its Production with New Facilities Planned for Pier 48". February 19, 2013. Retrieved February 26, 2013.
24. "Anchor Brewing Company Releases Anchor IPA" (Press release). Anchor Brewing Company. February 4, 2014.
25. "Anchor Brewing Announces The Release of Anchor Bock Beer Marking Its Final Selling Season" (Press release). Anchor Brewing Company. January 6, 2014.
26. "Anchor Brewing Releases Anchor Winter Wheat, A Classic Winter Warmer" (Press release). Anchor Brewing Company. December 3, 2014.
27. Spacek, Rachel (August 3, 2017). "San Francisco's Anchor Brewing acquired by Sapporo". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 4, 2018. Anchor Brewing has been a San Francisco staple since 1896, surviving earthquakes, prohibition and tech booms and busts. But on Thursday, the brewer announced it will be a San Francisco company no longer after a sale to Japan's Sapporo Holdings Ltd. Exact terms of the deal were not disclosed, but a spokesman for Sapporo said the price was approximately $85 million. The deal marks the latest California brewery to be acquired by a larger beer maker. It comes amid rising competition among craft breweries — a sector of the beer industry that Anchor has been credited, by some, for helping inspire.
28. Mojadad, Ida (March 29, 2010). "Does the Brewery Unionization Movement Have Legs?". San Francisco Weekly. Retrieved June 13, 2019. On March 13, Anchor employees voted 31–16 to join the International Longshore and Warehouse Union in the first known unionization among craft brewers.
29. "Anchor Steam | Beers | Anchor Steam". Anchor Brewing Company. Retrieved 2013-02-26.
30. "Zymaster™ Series No. 1: California Lager – Part I". Anchor Brewing Company. Retrieved 22 September 2013.
31. Nason, Adam. "The story behind Anchor Our Barrel Ale". Beerpulse.com. Retrieved 22 September 2013.
32. "Anchor Zymaster Series". Retrieved February 13, 2016.
33. "California Craft Brewery News - Anchor Brewing". anchorbrewing.com.

External links

• Anchor Brewing Company
• Anchor Distilling