Ambattur

Ambattur is located in north west part of Chennai City, in Ambattur taluk of the Chennai District, surrounded by Anna Nagar, Padi, Mogappair, Korattur and Avadi. It covers an area of 45 km2 (17 sq mi). The neighbourhood is served by Ambattur railway station of the Chennai Suburban Railway. Ambattur has its origins in a village of the same name which can be located at present as areas opposite to Ambattur telephone exchange. Ambattur was a village with large extents of agricultural farm lands irrigated by the once-sprawling Ambattur Lake. In 2011, the neighbourhood had a population 466,205.

Ambattur
Urban Area
Ambattur
Ambattur(Chennai)
Coordinates: 13.0983°N 80.1622°E / 13.0983; 80.1622
CountryIndia
StateTamil Nadu
DistrictChennai District
MetroChennai
ZoneCentral Chennai
Ward79-93
Government
 • BodyChennai Corporation
Area
 • Total45.99 km2 (17.76 sq mi)
Elevation
17 m (56 ft)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total466,205
 • Density10,000/km2 (26,000/sq mi)
Languages
 • OfficialTamil
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
600 053

600 058

600 062

600 098
Vehicle registrationTN 13 (RTO, Ambattur)
Railway station codeABU
Parliamentary constituencySriperumbudur
Assembly constituencyAmbattur
Planning agencyCMDA

During the 2015 floods when most areas of Chennai was stranded in water, Ambattur was not much flooded like other neighbourhood of Chennai City.

Etymology

This place is one of 108 Shakthi Sthals in the country. The Amman temple (for the Hindu deity Durga) here is the fifty-first in the order, giving the locality the Tamil name "aimbaththu onraam oor" (ஐம்பத்து ஒன்றாம் ஊர்), meaning fifty-first place/temple village, which later transmuted as Ambattur. The goddess is worshiped in the form of Vaishnavi.

Ambattur is also called so because it was a collaboration of 50 small towns (ambathu oor in Tamil), from which the name Ambattur was derived.

History

Sir Ivan Stedeford, chairman of Tube Investments, United Kingdom, was instrumental in starting the TI factory and TII complex in the country. Sir Ivan signed a joint venture agreement with A. M. Murugappa Chettiar of the Murugappa Group, which was then a small business house manufacturing sandpaper and abrasives for the war effort and also trading war surplus. It was the first joint venture agreement to be signed in South India after Independence. This resulted in the establishment of the TI Cycle factory in a mango grove in Ambattur by 1951, and manufacture of the 'Hercules India' bicycle soon began. By 1954, the word 'India' was dropped from the name when international quality standards were met.[1]

In 1954, Sir Ivan signed his second joint venture, Tube Products India, with the Murugappa family. The factory was established on what had been the British Government of Malaya's Immigration Camp. By 1956, production was started in the new factory and soon resulted in the establishment of other TI factories in the Ambattur-Avadi industrial stretch. This led to a rapid growth in population in the region and several public amenities were established in Ambattur by TI company, such as the Sir Ramaswami Mudaliar Higher Secondary School (named after the person who had initially introduced the partners to each other), a post office and a bank. When the growing population demanded a hospital, the company established one between Ambattur and Avadi in 1966 from a gift of around £5,000 from Sir Ivan. The hospital was named the Sir Ivan Stedeford Hospital in his honour.[1]

Administration

Ambattur comes under the Sriperumbudur Parliamentary constituency. It was previously under the North Chennai parliamentary constituency, and, along with Villivakkam, it was the largest assembly constituency in India. The Fame organisation sangam originated here. The delimitation process of assembly constituencies had given Ambattur a new identity of its own: Constituency No. 8, Tamil Nadu. Once a major panchayat, Ambattur was made a township in the 1960s and a selection-grade municipality from April 1975. In May 1992, it was raised to special-grade municipality.[2] It was a municipality till October 2011. It had been divided into 52 wards. Ambattur Municipality included Padi, Korattur, Mogappair, kallikuppam, Ayapakkam TNHB and the Ambattur Industrial Estate areas.

On 15 June 2011, the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu submitted a memorandum to the Prime Minister of India to expand the city limits of Chennai by which the Ambattur Municipality would come under the new scheme.[3]

Since 2011, it is part of Chennai Corporation as Zone 7 with 15 wards (Ward Nos. 79 to 91, 93).[4]

Demographics
Religious census
Religion Percent(%)
Hindu
 
 86.53%
Muslim
 
 3.68%
Christian
 
 8.95%
Sikh
 
 0.05%
Buddhist
 
 0.04%
Jain
 
 0.17%
Other
 
 0.57%
No religion
 
 0.01%
Historical population
YearPop.±%
197145,586—    
1981115,901+154.2%
1991215,424+85.9%
2001310,967+44.4%
2011466,205+49.9%

According to the 2011 census, Ambattur had a population of 466,205 with a sex-ratio of 985 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.[5] A total of 48,444 were under the age of six, constituting 24,829 males and 23,615 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 11.49% and 0.33% of the population, respectively. The average literacy of the town was 82.61%, compared with the national average of 72.99%.[5] The town had 120,248 households. There were 184,390 workers, comprising 1,252 cultivators, 1,128 main agricultural labourers, 2,467 in house hold industries, 159,242 other workers, 20,301 marginal workers, 507 marginal cultivators, 453 marginal agricultural labourers, 641 marginal workers in household industries and 18,700 other marginal workers.[6] As per the religious census of 2011, Ambattur had 86.53% Hindus, 3.68% Muslims, 8.95% Christians, 0.05% Sikhs, 0.04% Buddhists, 0.17% Jains, 0.57% following other religions and 0.01% following no religion or did not indicate any religious preference.[7]

During 2001–2011, Ambattur registered a population growth of 54%.[8]

Waterbodies
A section of the Ambattur Lake

Ambattur has two main waterbodies, namely the Ambattur Eri and the Chithu Oragadam Lake and the bigger Puzhal eri on the outskirts. The upkeep of the Ambattur Eri is plagued by problems such as dumping of garbage,[9] water mining and construction of buildings and the Chithu Oragadam (Thangal) Eri suffers due to pollution by sewage.[10] The local body generates nearly 250 tonnes of garbage daily.[11]

Ambattur has a stormwater drain network of 177.95 km, the largest of the eight zones newly added to the Corporation of Chennai in 2011.[12]

Economy

The economy of Ambattur is mainly industrial. It was well known as an auto ancillary hub. However, in the late 2000s many IT companies have come up in Ambattur.

One Indiabulls Park, Ambattur

Ambattur Industrial Estate
Main article: Ambattur Industrial Estate

The Ambattur Industrial Estate, spread over an area of 1,430 acres (4.9 km2), houses about 1,800 units[13] and is the biggest small scale industrial estate in South Asia. It was commissioned in the year 1964 by the Government of Tamil Nadu. Companies like Britannia Industries, TI Cycles of India, Dunlop, and TVS have their plants in Ambattur. Tata Communications has its satellite earth station at the Ambattur–Red Hills road, known as wireless among the locals. Jaya TV, Vijay TV, Asianet and Kairali relay signals from this facility. The Heavy Vehicles Factory (HVF), which manufactures military tanks, is just 5 km from this place, adding to its importance. A railway concrete sleeper manufacturing company is located near the Ambattur railway station. Textile industries such as Ambattur Clothing Limited (ACL) and Bombay Fashions have their facilities here and employ thousands of women. The units in the Industrial Estate generate a combined annual revenue of over ₹ 35,000 million.[14]

The Industrial Estate has a bus terminus. The Ambattur Estate terminus and the maintenance centre with a capacity of 100 buses were opened in 1967. However, as of 2012, the centre handles 125 buses a day, with a staff count of 1,100.[15]

IT parks
The Ambit IT Park with CMA CGM, iOpex Technologies and CSS Corp

Ambattur Industrial Estate has attracted a lot of IT companies due to its proximity to residential neighbourhoods and the lower rentals. The lease rentals of IT Parks in Ambattur are half of those in the city. Information Technology (IT) companies such as MilesTs, HCL Technologies, Dell and Tata Consultancy Services have their development centres here. Out of the 22 facilities that HCL Technologies has in Chennai, six are in Ambattur. There are also a few BPO centres such as Perot Systems, Telebuy, Polaris BPO, Serco, First Source & iOPEX Technologies. Prince Info Park, Kochar Technology Park, Ambit IT Park. Chennai Tech Park, a 2,400,000 sq ft (220,000 m2), state-of-the-art, futuristic IT park, on 10 acres (40,000 m2) of land is commissioned since 2009 by IndiaLand Park. Now that 10 acres commercial building is bought by Indiabulls Securities Ltd for Rs 600 crores and renamed it as One IndiaBulls Park, current occupiers of the complex include Royal Bank of Scotland, Kone, Britannia Industries, Ajuba, Covenant, Telebuy, Ibox, Bean Balls, Germany's Modisch, Yes Bank and Etisalat.[16] One IndiaBulls park is one of the major IT parks in Ambattur. As a remarkable mile stone, CMA CGM, world's 3rd largest liner started their documentation centre along with Regional eCommerce Team in AMBIT park.

However, the demand for commercial space in Ambattur is not as robust as Rajiv Gandhi Salai which is marketed extensively by the government. While IT and ITeS firms in Ambattur have brought in a new image to the industrial belt that has been known for its garment and auto-ancillary units, it has increased the real estate prices.[17]

Transport

Road

The Chennai-Tiruvallur High Road (CTH Road or NH205) passes through Ambattur and the Chennai-Kolkata highway is just about 7 km from the place making it a strategic location. On an average, about 40,000 passenger car units use the CTH Road.[18] The new Chennai Bypass road between Maduravoyal and Madhavaram passes through Ambattur Industrial Estate. It connects NH4 with NH5 and NH205 via Ambattur Industrial Estate.

The Ambattur bus terminus is located adjacent to the MTH Road and has MTC (city buses) connecting Ambattur with various points in Chennai city. Ambattur does not have a proper bus terminus despite being one of the biggest localities of Chennai. A lot of buses from Avadi and the outskirts of Chennai also pass through Ambattur, offering good connectivity. There are also a few buses operating to Nagercoil, Tirunelveli, Madurai, Vellore and other parts of Tamil Nadu from here. Buses to the famous pilgrim centre of Tirupathi can also be availed from Ambattur.

On 4 October 2013, the Tamil Nadu Highways department issued a GO extending the entire stretch of the road till Tirutani to 6 lanes at a cost of ₹ 1,680 million, by means of land acquisition from 12 villages.[19] In the first phase, the road will be widened to 100 ft (4 lanes) with centre median at a cost of ₹ 980 million.[20]

Rail

The Chennai Central-Arakkonam railway line passes through Ambattur and has two railway stations in the neighbourhood. Ambattur railway station serves the residential areas and Pattaravakkam railway station serves the Ambattur Industrial Estate, kallikuppam and Karruku neighbourhood areas. Suburban Broad Gauge EMU trains operate daily from Chennai Central and Chennai Beach to Avadi, Tiruvallur, Patabiram Military Siding, Arakkonam, Vellore, Tirupathi, and Tiruttani via Ambattur. By rail, Ambattur is 30 minutes from Chennai Central, 20 minutes from Perambur and 10 minutes from Villivakkam. Many fast EMU locals (suburban trains) towards Tiruvallur, Arakkonam and Tiruttani, stop at Ambattur railway station, But fast local trains towards Chennai central do not halt at Ambattur because non availability of platform in fast line. By fast local train it takes 25 minutes from Chennai Central. Ambattur having Passenger Reservation Centre Timing 8.00Hrs to14.00Hrs. There is a pending request to extension of Platform length to accommodate express trains, Increase timing of Passenger Reservation Centre, subway, and overbridge at Ambattur

Educational institutions

Day Cares
  • Maple kids play school & Daycare
  • Mummy's Child care & Playschool

Schools
  • Sri Sathya Sai Nursery and Primary School (Shoba Nagar, Near Sir Ivan Stedeford Hospital)
  • Velammal NEWGEN Park -CBSE IIT, Surapet
  • Velammal Vidhyashram - CBSE & IIT (Oragadam, Ambattur)
  • Annai Violet International School (CBSE)
  • Sri Mahaganesa Vidhyasala
  • Sri Venkateswara Matric. Hr. Sec. School (Athipet, Ambattur)
  • Sri Venkateswara Vidhyalaya (Ayapakkam)
  • Sethu Bhaskara Matriculation Higher Secondary School (located in Pudur)
  • Ebenezer Marcus Matriculation Higher Secondary School (located in Pudur)
  • Ebenezer Marcus International School (CBSE)(located in Pudur)
  • Sir Ramaswami Mudaliar Higher Secondary School (a government-aided higher secondary school)
  • St. Joseph's Matriculation Higher Secondary School
  • T.I Matriculation Higher Secondary School (run by AMM Foundation)
  • Perunthalaivar Kamarajar Government Girls Higher Secondary School
  • T. V. Nagar matriculation High School
  • Hussain Memorial Matric Higher Secondary School
  • G. K. Shetty Vivekananda Vidyalaya Junior College (founded in 1979 and celebrated silver jubilee in the year 2005, affiliated to CBSE)
  • Velammal Matriculation Higher Secondary School (in Surapet)
  • Satheesh Balaji Matriculation Higher Secondary School (Madhanankuppam)
  • Lake View Matriculation School (in Pudur)
  • Emmanuel Methodist Matriculation Higher Secondary School (in Pudur)
  • Divine Matriculation School and Sharon Matriculation School (in Pudur)
  • Aacini Matriculation Higher Secondary School
  • Sree Saraswathi Matric School
  • D.A.V (Boys) Senior Secondary School (in Anna Nagar Western Extension)
  • D.A.V (Girls) Sr. Secondary School (in Anna Nagar Western Extension)
  • S.B.O.A School & Junior College (in Anna Nagar Western Extension)
  • S.B.O.A Matriculation and Higher Secondary School (in Anna Nagar Western Extension)
  • Leo Matriculation School (in Anna Nagar Western Extension)
  • The Chennai School (International Baccalaureate)
  • Sri Ramakrishna Matriculation Mission School
  • Nathella Vidyodaya
  • Narayana Group of Schools
  • Sri Vidhya Nikethan Matriculation school
  • New Century Matriculation Higher Secondary School, ICF Colony, Ambattur

Colleges
  • Annai Violet College of Arts and Science at Menambedu
  • Soka Ikeda College of Arts and Science for Women at Madhanankuppam
  • Benson College of Hotel Management and Culinary Arts at Ambattur
  • Velammal Engineering College- is located about 5 km from Ambattur at Surapet on the Ambattur-Red Hills road.
  • BEST Learning Centre for TNPSC, UPSC, BANK, SSC, POLICE & etc at Near Ambattur Railway Station

LIC Zonal Training Centre

Ambattur also houses the Chennai Zonal Training Center of Life Insurance Corporation of India, located near prithvipakkam.

Hospitals
  • Cure Advanced Dental Care
  • Sir Ivan Stedeford Hospital
  • SS Dental Care [21]
  • Teja Hospital
  • Mahalakshmi Hospital
  • EssVee Hospital
  • Ravindran's Health Care
  • B.M Ortho and Trauma Hospital
  • Raghavendra Hospital
  • Dr.Bhat's Hospital
  • Ashwini Eye care & Arvind Opticals
  • Rakki Hospital
  • New Century Medical Centre, Varadharajapuram, Ambattur

Places of worship

Temples
  • Sri Muthu Mariamman Koil - Menambedu
  • Hari Hara Darmasashtha Temple - Menambedu
  • Arulmigu Shri Badhra Kaliamman Temple (3rd main road, Banu Nagar, Pudur)
  • Arulmigu Athipet Venugopal Sami temple (Athipet PERIYA colony)
  • Arulmigu Chelliamman temple (Athipet)
  • Arulmigu Kannathammman Temple (Temple of village goddess of Ambattur) near Dunlop factory
  • Sree Ayyappan and Sree Krishna Temple (Venkatapuram)
  • Sri Vannavaraya Perumal temple (Old Ambattur near Telephone exchange)
  • Siva Vishnu Temple (Park Road, near Anna Nagar West Extension's Millennium Park)
  • Sri Ambalavaneshwarar Temple (Kamarajapuram near ESI hospital)
  • The Arulmigu Subramanya Temple (Old MTH Road) is one of the oldest temples in Ambattur.
  • Kubera Vinayagar Temple (Old Township Office Road)
  • Varasidhi Vinayakar Temple (Ramnagar)
  • Chinna Thiruppathi (Lenin Nagar)
  • Ayyapan Temple (Kallikuppam)
  • Sri Devi Thandu Tulukaanathu Amman Temple (5 Alamaram) (Venkatapuram)
  • Gangai Amman Temple (Cholapuram)
  • Selva Vinayagar Temple (Sathyapuram)
  • Sakthi Vinayar Temple (T.V.Nagar)
  • Muthu Marriyamman Temple (near Ambattur bus terminus)
  • Sri Sathya Sai Baba Temple (Near Indian Bank)
  • Raghavendra Shrine (Prithivipakkam)
  • Sai Baba Temple (Kamalapuram Colony)
  • Then Palani Andavar Temple (Vinayagapuram)
  • Veera Ganapathy (near Ambattur bus terminus)
  • Sri athmanatheswarar temple (Swarna Akarshana Bhairavar) - Menambedu
  • Ayya Temple (Oragadam)
  • Vijayambigai Temple (Vijayalakshmipuram)
  • Gangai Amman Temple (Kallikuppam)
  • Guruvayur Krishna Temple (Krishnapuram)
  • Than Thondreeswarar Temple (Banu Nagar, 8th Avenue)
  • Karumari Amman Temple (Venkateshwara Nagar)
  • Perumal Temple (Madhanankuppam)
  • Venugopal Swamy Temple / Krishnan Temple (Oragadam)
  • Subramaniaswami Temple, Banu Nagar Sixth Avenue Pudur
  • Sri.Balavinayagar Temple, Prithivipakkam
  • Ashrams include the Sri Yohamaya Bhuvaneshwari Peetham

Churches
  • Infant Jesus Church, Thendral Nagar, Ambattur (Roman Catholic)
  • St. Joseph Church - Ambattur (Roman Catholic)
  • St. Antony's Church - T.G Anna Nagar (Roman Catholic)
  • The Penticostal Mission (TPM), Banunagar, Ambathur
  • Geoffrey Ministries - Madhanankuppam
  • Full Gospel Telugu Baptist Prayer House[22]
  • Christ Church (CSI)
  • CSI Wesly Church, Oragadam
  • Emmanuel Methodist Church, Pudur, Ambattur
  • Open Door AG Church, Ambattur
  • Telc Bethlehem church, Ambattur
  • Victory A.G. Church, Lenin Nagar, Ambattur[23]

Mosques
  • Noor Sanath Al-Jama Masjid, Venkatapuram, Ambattur
  • Masjid Thowheed, Samtharya Nagar, Ramapuram, Ambattur
  • Masjid E Mohammadia, Kamaraja Puram, behind Joint Commissioner Office, Ambattur
  • Jannathul Baki, Sivanandha Nagar, Behind Dunlop Play Ground, Ambattur
  • Salamath Mosque in MGR Puram, Ayapakkam Road, Ambattur
  • Quba Masjid, TNHB, Ayapakkam Road, Ambattur

Residential areas in Ambattur

The residential areas of Ambattur are mainly divided by railway line running east to west. Residential areas round the railways station and south of railway line and about are relatively older residential areas. Residential areas ending with word 'puram' can be considered as older areas of Ambattur town.

Residential areas north of the railway line include Venkatapuram, Vijayalaksmipuram, Vinayagapuram, Kallikuppam, Madhanakuppam (Lakeview Nagar), Ramnagar, Menambedu, Karukku, Prithivipakkam, Gnanamurthy Nagar, DTP Colony (Vijayalaksmipuram), Pudur, Krishnapuram, Thiruvengada Nagar, Nehru Nagar, Sathyapuram, Cholapuram, Oragadam, Venkaeshwara Nagar, Banu Nagar, Lenin Nagar, Abiramipuram and Thirumalai Priya Nagar. Residential areas south of the railway line include Varadharajapuram, Ramapuram, Kamarajapuram, Teachers Colony, Mahakavi Bharathiyar Nagar (MKB Nagar), Sivanandha Nagar, Annai Sathya Nagar, ICF Colony, Old Ambattur areas (near Ambattur Telephone Exachange) such as Ambattur Village Street, Athipet, Managalapuram, Kachana Kuppam, Pattarivakkam, VGN Shanthi Nagar, VGN Cosmopolis, VGN Victoria Park and VGN Brent Park.

Library

The Branch Library, as it is now called, was opened in May 1971 by the then Minister of Education and Local Administration V. R. Nedunchezhiyan. It was earlier known as Murugappa Library, as the building it is housed in belongs to the A.M.M. Charities Trust. The library is situated near Perunthalaivar Kamarajar Government Girls Higher Secondary School (Girl's High School).

Recreational centres

Theatres include Rakki Cinemas (multiplex) and Sri Murugan multiplex near the Ambattur railway station. Kannan Theatre near Senthil Nagar was closed and converted to Dolphin Sports Academy. Parks include Pudur park (Old Pond) near menambedu, Thangal Lake Park near Anjalamaram, Krishnapuram Corporation Park (renovated in October 2009) and the Thiruvengada Nagar Corporation Park (opened on 11 October 2013), Venkatapuram Park at Kubera Vinayagar Temple Ground (opened in 2014), Greater Chennai Corporation Park - VGN Shanthi Nagar, Ambattur. There are many parks in Ambattur which people can use for recreational activities.

Shuttle badminton indoor stadium

The Ambattur Badminton Association has constructed an indoor stadium ( Kamalam John Samuel Indoor Stadium) name after the Late parents of JCD PRABHAKAR, for playing shuttle badminton, located near the TI Cycles of India factory.

Bird life in Ambattur

Quite a variety of birds reside and frequent the places in and around Ambattur. Woodland birds, water birds and many more visit here.[24] They are:

[Note: This list is not complete]

Local newsletters

SOUTH INDIAN POST leading bilingual (English and Tamil) newspaper, Town News, Seithi Mazhai, My Vyapar is the leading bilingual (English and Tamil) newspaper. The Neighbour City and Kutty News are the newspapers in Tamil. Ambattur Talk is in English.

gollark: Well, blittle brings it to sort of 102x57.
gollark: I mean, 1080p might be *usable*, at 1kHz.
gollark: Or 8K 144Hz.
gollark: 4K 240Hz is the best way.
gollark: You see, it is said "oh, if you use a 144Hz/240Hz/5PHz/2K/4K/10000/GSync monitor you'll never want to go back", and "oh, it's totally noticeable immediately", which means if I'm ever exposed to one I'll realise that every moment of entertainment I got from my old monitor was but a farce.

References
  1. Muthiah, S. (10 November 2003). "Sir Ivan of Ambattur". The Hindu. Chennai. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
  2. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 28 August 2010. Retrieved 28 November 2010.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  3. "Jaya to go ahead with expansion of city limit". The Times Of India. 15 June 2011.
  4. OneIndia.
  5. "Census Info 2011 Final population totals". Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
  6. "Census Info 2011 Final population totals - Ambattur". Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2013. Archived from the original on 13 April 2014. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
  7. "Population By Religious Community - Tamil Nadu" (XLS). Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2011. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
  8. Kalyanaraman, M. (25 October 2011). "Migration Spurs Suburban Sprawl". The Times of India epaper. Chennai: The Times Group. Retrieved 25 October 2011.
  9. Chennai Online
  10. The Hindu
  11. Garbage burning sets off problems for Ambattur
  12. "Rs. 3000-crore stormwater project for new zones". The Hindu. Chennai. 30 August 2012. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
  13. Arterial roads in Ambattur Estate to be widened soon
  14. Raja Simhan, T. E. (9 January 2013). "IT parks in Ambattur Estate wallow with space abegging". Business Line. Chennai: The Hindu. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
  15. "Ambattur Estate". Dinamalar. Chennai. 10 September 2012.
  16. "Another boost for Chennai realty: Indiabulls buys 10-acre commercial building for Rs 600 cr". FirstBiz. 20 November 2014. Retrieved 13 March 2017.
  17. "Ambattur emerges as real estate hot spot for IT companies". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 19 May 2011. Retrieved 5 January 2012.
  18. Lakshmi, K.; Rajan (14 June 2010). "Suburbs developing, amenities lagging behind". The Hindu. Chennai. Retrieved 27 October 2011.
  19. "Chennai to Tirupati 6-lane highway soon". The Deccan Chronicle. Chennai. 21 October 2013. Archived from the original on 23 October 2013. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
  20. "Encroachments along CTH Road removed". The Hindu. Chennai. 5 October 2013. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
  21. Rajan (26 February 2019). "Top 10 Dentists in Chennai [Recommended Dental Hospital 2020]". InChennais. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  22. "Full Gospel Telugu Baptist Prayer House, Chennai – Home Page". Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  23. https://www.google.com/maps/place/Victory+A.G.+Church,+Ambattur/@13.1276749,80.143821,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x7cdeca770d4592c5!8m2!3d13.1276749!4d80.1460097
  24. Blackbuck.org
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