University of Madras

The University of Madras or Madras University is a public state university in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.[2] Established in 1857, it is one of the oldest universities in India, incorporated by an Act of Legislative Council of India under the British government.[3]

University of Madras

Coat of arms
Other name	Ceṉṉai palkalaikkaḻakam
Motto	Doctrina Vim Promovet Insitam (Latin)
Motto in English	"Learning Promotes Natural Talent"
Type	State university
Established	1857 (1857)
Chancellor	Governor of Tamil Nadu
Vice-Chancellor	Dr. P. Duraisamy
Academic staff	345[1]
Students	4,819[1]
Postgraduates	3,239[1]
Doctoral students	1,099[1]
Location	Chennai , Tamil Nadu , India 13°5′2″N 80°16′12″E
Campus	Urban
Colours	Cardinal
Nickname	Madras Tigers
Affiliations	UGC, NAAC, AIU
Mascot	Tiger
Website	unom.ac.in

It is a collegiate research university and has six campuses in the city: Chepauk, Marina, Guindy, Taramani, Maduravoyal and Chetpet. It offers more than 230 courses under 87 academic departments of post-graduate teaching and research grouped under 18 schools, covering diverse areas such as sciences, social sciences, humanities, management and medicine along with 121 affiliated colleges and 53 approved research institutions. The university houses the national centres for advanced research in nanotechnology,[4] photonics[5] and neurotoxicity.[6] Besides, having three Centres of Advanced Study (CAS) in biophysics,[7] botany[8] and mathematics.[9]

The National Assessment and Accreditation Council has conferred 'five star' accreditation to the university in the first cycle, and subsequently with its highest 'A' grade.[10] The University of Madras has been given the status of 'University with Potential for Excellence (UPE)' by the University Grants Commission.[11] Madras University is also recognized among the 12 universities in India having the 'Centre with Potential for Excellence in Particular Area (CPEPA)' with a focus on drug development and climate change.[12]

University of Madras is the alma mater of two Indian Physics Nobel Laureates, CV Raman and Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, five Presidents of India, including A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, and several notable mathematicians including Srinivasa Ramanujan.[13]

History

Vice-Chancellors[14]

Sir Christopher Rawlinson 1857 Sir Walter Elliot 1859 William Ambrose Morehead 1860 Sir Colley Harman Scotland 1862 Sir Alexander J. Arbuthnot 1871 William Holloway 1872 Lewis Charles Innes 1874 Charles Arthur Turner 1880, 1882[15] James K. Kernan 1885–1889 Sir Arthur Hammond Collins 1889–1899 David Duncan 1899 Sri H. H. Shepard 1899 The Rev. William Miller 1901 Sir Charles Arnold White 1904 Sir S. Subramania Iyer 1904 Sir Charles Arnold White 1904–1908 Sir J. E. P. Wallis 1908–1916 Sir P. S. Sivaswami Iyer 1916–1918 The Hon. Justice Sri F. D. Oldfield 1918–1920 The Hon. Sir K. R. Srinivasa Iyengar 1920–1923 The Rev. E. Monteith Macphail 1923–1925 Diwan Bahadur Sir Raghupathi Venkataratnam Naidu 1925–1928 Diwan Bahadur Sir K. Ramunni Menon 1928–1934 Richard Littlehailes 1934–1937 Diwan Bahadur S. E. Ranganadhan 1937–1940 Sir Mohammad Usman 1940–1942 Lt. Col. Dr. Sir A. Lakshmanaswami Mudaliar 1942–1969 Thiru. N. D. Sundaravadivelu 1969–1975 Dr. Malcolm S. Adiseshiah 1975–1978 Dr. G. R. Damodaran 1978–1981 Dr. Santappa 1981–1984 Dr. B. B. Sundaresen 1984–1987 Dr. Arumugam Gnanam 1988–1990 Dr. S. Sathikh 1990–1994 Dr. P. K. Ponnusamy 1994–1997 Dr. P. T. Manoharan 1997–1999 Dr. Pon. Kothandaraman 1999–2002 Rev. Fr. Dr. S. Ignacimuthu 2002–2003 Prof. S. P. Thyagarajan 2003–2006 Prof. S. Ramachandran 2006–2009 Col. Dr. G. Thiruvasagam 2009–2012 Dr. R. Thandavan 2013–2016 Dr. P. Duraisamy 2017–present

The Madras University Senate House and Marina Beach, 1905

Legislative Assembly session of Madras Presidency in Senate House, 1937

A 1957 postal stamp dedicated to the centenary of Madras University

The first ever demand for higher education in Madras Presidency was given in a public address to Lord John Elphinstone, Governor of Madras, signed by 70,000 residents when the Governor in Council was contemplating "some effective and liberal measures for the establishment of an improved system of national education." This public petition, which was presented by the Advocate General Mr. George Norton on 11 November 1839, pressed the need for an English college in the city of Madras. Pursuant to this, Lord Elphinstone evolved a plan for the establishment of a central collegiate institution or a ‘university.’ This university had twin departments – a high school for the cultivation of English literature, regional language, philosophy and science, and a college for instruction in the higher branches of literature, philosophy and science.[16][17]

The University Board was constituted in January 1840 with Mr. George Norton as its president. This was the precursor of the present Presidency College, Chennai. A systematic educational policy for India was formulated 14 years later by Wood's despatch, which pointed out the rationale for "creating a properly articulated system of education from the primary school to the University." The Dispatch recommended the establishment in the universities of Professorships "for the purposes of the delivery of lectures in various branches of learning including vernacular as well as classical languages." As a result, the University of Madras, organised on the model of the University of London, was incorporated on 5 September 1857 by an Act of the Legislative Council of India.[18]

The university progressed and expanded through the 19th century to span the whole of South India, giving birth to universities like Mysore University (1916), Osmania University (1918), Andhra University (1926), Annamalai University (1929), Travancore University (1937) presently University of Kerala, Sri Venkateswara University (1954), Madurai Kamaraj University (1966), Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (1971), Anna University (1978), Tamil University (1981), Bharathidasan University (1982), Bharathiar University (1982), Mother Teresa Women's University (1984), Alagappa University (1985), Dr. M.G.R. Medical University (1989), Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (1989), Manonmaniam Sundaranar University (1990), Periyar University (1997), Dr. Ambedkar Law University (1996) and Thiruvalluvar University (2002).[19]

In 1912 endowments were made to the university to establish departments of Indian History, Archaeology, Comparative Philology and Indian Economics. In that year the university had 17 departments, 30 teachers, and 69 research scholars. Later the research and teaching functions of the university were encouraged by the Sadler Commission and the gains of the university were consolidated by the enactment of the Madras University Act of 1923. About this time, the territorial ambit of the Madras University encompassed from Berhampur of Odisha in the North East, Trivandrum of Kerala in the South West, Bangalore and Mangalore of Karnataka in the West and Hyderabad of Andhra Pradesh in the North.[20]

Between 1926 and 1939, the university published the comprehensive Tamil Lexicon dictionary, which is the first among the dictionaries published in any Indian language.[21]

Coat of arms

University of Madras Entrance Arch at Chepauk Campus

The description of the Coat of Arms of the university, designed in 1857, is:

"Argent (silver or white) on a Mount issuant from the basement a Tiger passant proper (walking and coloured naturally), on a Chief Sable (black across the top), a Pale Or (a gold or yellow vertical strip down the centre 1/3 of the top or chief), thereon, between two Elephants heads couped of the field, a lotus flower leaved and slipped of the third, together with this motto Doctrina Vim Promovet Insitam".

The coat of arms colours are: the base is light green, the tiger is yellow on a white background, the elephant is grey on a black background, the lotus is a white flower with olive green leaves, on a gold background. The motto scroll is edged red, with black lettering. The English translation of the motto of the University of Madras is: "Learning promotes natural talent."[22]

Senate House

The Senate House

University centenary auditorium

See also: Senate House (University of Madras)

The University of Madras has a historical monument – Senate House – which is one of the landmarks of the city of Chennai.[23] The Senate House, the university's first building, inaugurated in the year 1879, is a masterpiece of Robert Fellowes Chisholm, an architect of the 19th century, who blended the Indo-Saracenic style with Byzantine and European architectural features.[24] The university renovated the Senate House in 2006.[25]

Campuses and constituent colleges

The university is spread over six campuses, namely, Chepauk, Marina, Guindy, Taramani, Chetpet and Maduravoyal. The Chepauk campus of the university houses the administrative buildings, the historic Senate House, central library, clock tower, centenary auditorium, and several departments under arts, humanities and social science streams. The schools of oriental and Indian are located in the Marina campus. The Guindy campus incorporates the natural sciences departments while the campus at Taramani houses the school of basic medical sciences. The sports union and the botanical garden are based in Chetpet and Maduravoyal campus respectively. The Department of Mathematics of the university is operated as the Ramanujan Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics located close to the Chepauk campus.[26] The university has two constituent college, in Nemmeli and Thiruvottiyur, offerings courses in arts and science.[27] Since 1981, the university has also developed an Institute of Distance Education (IDE), offering various academic and professional programmes approved by Distant Education Bureau under the Choice based credit system (CBCS) pattern.[28]

Madras University Library System

The library system of the university consists of four central libraries located at its Chepauk, Marina, Guindy and Taramani campus.[29] Besides, many of the departments and centres have their own library collections. The main university library located at Chepauk was started in 1907 in the Connemara Public Library, later shifted to the existing building in 1936. S. R. Ranganathan (a mathematician) was appointed as the first librarian of the university, whose contribution in the development of the field of library sciences is noteworthy.[30] The library collection includes textbooks, reference books, journals, theses, archives of government gazettes, newsprints, magazines, photographs, rare manuscripts, with a total collection of approximately 1 million volumes, which is among the largest collection of a university library in India.[31][32] The library system also maintains a database of e-books, digital multimedia resources and subscribed to over four thousand e-journals under the UGC-INFONET Digital Library Consortium.[33] The Government of Tamil Nadu oriental manuscripts library and research centre is located within the main library building at Chepauk.[34] The library is considered as the treasure house for ancient Indian knowledge. Comprises over 25,373 reference books and 72,714 Sanskrit and Tamil manuscripts written on palm leaf, copper plates, tree barks, leather etc. on subjects, like mathematics, astronomy, ayurveda, architecture, fine arts, grammar and literature.[35] The Library of the Indian Mathematical Society, started in 1907 in Pune, is now housed in the campus of the Ramanujan Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics.[36]

Madras University campus

• 
  Interior view of the Senate House
• 
  Main Library building at Chepauk
• 
  Statue of the A. L. Mudaliar near Senate House
• 
  View of Clock Tower and Centenary building from Napier Bridge
• 
  Façade of the Marina campus

Schools and departments

University of Madras is organized into eighteen main schools, each of which comprises multiple departments and centres as below:[37]

School	Departments / Research Centres / Chairs	Campus Location
Historical Studies	Department of Ancient History and Archaeology Department of Indian History	Chepauk
Social Sciences	Department of Adult and Continuing Education Department of Anthropology Department of Criminology Department of Education Department of Psychology Department of Sociology Department of Women's Studies Department of Social Work Department of Counselling Psychology Centre for Cyber Forensics and Information Security	Chepauk
Political and International Studies	Anna Centre for Public Affairs UGC - Centre for South and Southeast Asian Studies Department of Defence and Strategic Studies Department of Legal Studies Department of Politics and Public Administration Rajiv Gandhi Chair in Contemporary Studies	Chepauk
Economics	Centre for Population Studies Dr. Ambedkar Centre for Economic Studies Department of Econometrics Department of Economics Agro Economic Research Centre	Chepauk
Information and Communication Studies	Department of Journalism and Communication Department of Library and Information Science	Chepauk
Philosophy and Religious Thought	Department of Christian Studies JBAS Centre for Islamic Studies Department of Jainology Department of Philosophy Department of Saiva Siddhanta Department of Vaishnavism	Chepauk and Marina
Fine and Performing Arts	Department of Indian Music	Chepauk
English and Foreign Languages	Department of English Department of French and other Foreign Languages	Chepauk
Tamil and other Dravidian Languages	Department of Kannada Department of Malayalam Department of Tamil Language Department of Tamil Literature Department of Telugu Centre for Thirukkural Research Department of Sangapalagai for Tamil Development	Marina
Sanskrit and other Indian Languages	Department of Arabic, Persian and Urdu Department of Hindi Department of Sanskrit	Marina
Business and Management	Department of Commerce Department of Management Studies Centre for Infrastructural Management Studies	Chepauk
Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science	Department of Computer Science Ramanujan Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics Department of Statistics	Chepauk and Guindy
Earth and Atmospheric Science	Department of Applied Geology Department of Geography Department of Geology Centre for Environmental Sciences Centre for Natural Hazards and Disaster Studies Centre for Water Resource Management	Guindy
Chemical Sciences	Department of Analytical Chemistry Department of Energy Department of Inorganic Chemistry Department of Organic Chemistry Department of Physical Chemistry Department of Polymer Science	Guindy
Physical Sciences	Central Instrumentation and Service Laboratory Centre for Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics Department of Nuclear Physics Department of Theoretical Physics Department of Network Systems and Information Technology Department of Material Science	Guindy
Life Sciences	Department of Biochemistry Department of Biotechnology Centre for Advanced Study in Botany Centre for Ocean and Coastal Studies Centre for Stem Cell Research Centre for Herbal Sciences Department of Zoology Department of Bio-informatics	Guindy
Basic Medical Sciences	Department of Anatomy Department of Endocrinology Department of Genetics Department of Medical Biochemistry Department of Microbiology Department of Pathology Department of Pharmacology and Environmental Toxicology Department of Physiology National Centre for Neurotoxicity Research to Assist Drug Development	Taramani
Nano Science and Photonics	National Centre for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology National Centre for Ultrafast Process	Guindy and Taramani
-	Department of Physical Education and Sports	Chetpet

Affiliated colleges and research institutions

The university currently has 121 affiliated colleges, with 3 approved institutions, 5 institutions for diploma and certificate courses, 15 stand alone institutions for professional education, and 53 approved research Institutions as of 2019.[38]

Notable colleges

The Chapel at Loyola College

• Loyola College
• Presidency College
• Madras Christian College
• Stella Maris College
• Women's Christian College
• Ethiraj College
• Queen Mary's College
• The New College
• Madras School of Social Work
• Madras Sanskrit College
• AM Jain College
• Guru Nanak College
• Vaishnav College
• Pachaiyappa's College
• SHASUN College
• Vaishnav College for Women
• Vivekananda College
• JBAS College for Women
• Bharathi Women's College

Research institutions

• Adyar Cancer Institute
• Central Leather Research Institute
• Central Institute of Brackish Water Aquaculture
• Defence Services Staff College
• International Institute of Tamil Studies
• Institute for Financial Management and Research
• King Institute of Preventive Medicine and Research
• Loyola Institute of Business Administration
• Madras Institute of Development Studies
• Madras School of Economics
• Madras Diabetes Research Foundation
• MS Swaminathan Research Foundation
• National Defence College
• National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis
• Zoological Survey of India
• National Institute of Technical Teachers Training and Research
• National Institute of Epidemiology

Rankings and reputation

Global – Science and engineering rankings
Global – Science and engineering
QS Chemistry[39]	551–600 (2020)

University rankings
General – India
NIRF (Overall) (2020)[40]	41
NIRF (Universities) (2020)[41]	22
The Week (Universities) (2019)[42]	11
Outlook India (Universities) (2019)[43]	32
Business/Management – India
Government colleges:
Outlook India (2020)[44]	24

Internationally, Madras University is ranked 1213rd overall and 559th in the field of Chemistry by U.S. News & World Report for the year 2020.[45] In India, the National Institutional Ranking Framework ranked it 41st overall[40] and 22nd among universities in 2020.[41] The Week-Hansa Research best university survey of 2019 ranked it 11th in the multi-disciplinary university category.[46]

Major research grants

In 2007, the university was given a special grant of ₹100 crores by the Ministry of Human Resource Development to establish a nanotechnology research centre in commemoration of its sesqui-centenary (150th year) celebration. In 2011, University Grants Commission (UGC) selected the university for its third phase of University with Potential for Excellence (UPE) scheme, under which ₹25 crores were sanctioned for a period of five years.[47] Earlier, the university was selected for the inaugural phase of the scheme in 2001-02 along with JNU, Hyderabad University, Jadavpur University and Pune University.[48] The National Centre for Ultrafast Process (NCUFP) of the university has mobilized research grants to the tune ₹7 crores through several funded projects including the DST, CSIR, DRDO and UGC.[49]

The Department of Crystallography and Biophysics was upgraded as a Centre of Advanced Study (CAS) in 2007 and a grant of ₹2.53 crores was given for modernising research laboratories. The School of Life Sciences of the university received a grant of ₹5.24 crores by the Department of Biotechnology, under BUILDER (Boost to University of Interdisciplinary Life Science Departments for Education and Research) for strengthening teaching and research programmes during 2014–2019.[27] A study performed by the NISTADS on the research performance of universities in India during 1998–2008 ranked Madras University at No. 5 based on publication for that period.[50]

In addition, UGC has identified the Department of Geology and Department of Zoology as the Centres of Excellence and has allotted ₹3.25 crores each for their development.[47] In 2019, Ministry of Human Resource Development of Government of India granted ₹50 crores to the university for upgrading its research capabilities under Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA) scheme.[51]

Notable alumni

University of Madras has a strong alumni network with its alumni taking over many prestigious positions across the world. Some of the prominent alumni include Nobel laureates C. V. Raman[52] and S. Chandrasekhar,[53] mathematicians Srinivasa Ramanujan[54] and S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan,[55] leading scientists, Raja Ramanna,[56] Rajagopala Chidambaram,[57] E. C. George Sudarshan,[58] G. N. Ramachandran,[59] V. S. Ramachandran[60] and Alladi Ramakrishnan[61] former presidents Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, V. V. Giri, Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy, R. Venkataraman and A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, politicians Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari,[62] C Subramaniam,[63] CN Annadurai[64] and V. K. Krishna Menon,[65] civil servants T. N. Seshan,[66] Benegal Rama Rau[67] and Y. Venugopal Reddy,[68] Rhodes scholars, Eric Prabhakar[69] and Tanjore R. Anantharaman,[70] pioneers Verghese Kurien,[71] Raj Reddy[72] and M. S. Swaminathan,[73] economist K. N. Raj[74] and C. Rangarajan,[75] business persons Indra Nooyi,[76] Ram Shriram[77] and Prathap C. Reddy,[78] artists and film personality M.G. Ramachandran,[79] K. C. S. Paniker[80] Gemini Ganesan[81] Mani Ratnam,[82] and Mahesh Babu,[83] sports stars Viswanathan Anand,[84] Vijay Amritraj,[85] Ramanathan Krishnan,[86] and Viswanathan Anand[87] among others.

• 
  Physics Nobel laureate, Sir C. V. Raman
• 
  Physics Nobel laureate, Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
• 
  Mathematician, Srinivasa Ramanujan
• 
  2nd President of India, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
• 
  11th President of India, A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
• 
  M. S. Swaminathan, Father of Green revolution
• 
  Computer scientist, Raj Reddy
• 
  PepsiCo Chairperson, Indra Nooyi
• 
  1st Chief of Defence Staff, General Bipin Rawat
• 
  Verghese Kurien, Father of White revolution
• 
  Chess grandmaster, Viswanathan Anand
• 
  Telugu superstar, Mahesh Babu
• 
  Cognitive neuroscientist, V. S. Ramachandran

See also

• Ramanujan Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics

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External links

• Official website