Allenby Formation

The Allenby formation is a sedimentary rock formation deposited during the early to early Middle Eocene. It consists of conglomerates, sandstones with interbedded with shales and coal. The coal seams contain an abundance of insect, fish and plant fossils, known from the shales since 1877[2][3][4] but best known from the Princeton Chert.[1]

Allenby Formation
Stratigraphic range: Ypresian
52.5–48 Ma
TypeGeological formation
Sub-unitsPrinceton Chert, Vermillion Bluffs Shale
Area300 km2 (120 sq mi)[1]
Thickness1,860–2,100 m (6,100–6,890 ft)[1]
Lithology
PrimaryShale, sandstone
OtherCoalbreccia, coal–chert
Location
Coordinates49°22.6′N 120°32.8′W
Approximate paleocoordinates53.1°N 107.5°W / 53.1; -107.5
RegionBritish Columbia
Country Canada
Type section
Named forAllenby, British Columbia
Named byShaw
Year defined1952
Allenby Formation (Canada)
Allenby Formation (British Columbia)

Flora and fauna

The following fossil genera and species have been described from the Allenby formation:

Conifers, ferns, and ginkgos

Name Authority Year Family Notes Images

Abies milleri[3]

Shorn & Wehr, 1986

2013

Pinaceae

Oldest true fir described

Azolla primaeva[5]

Arnold, 1955

1955

Salviniaceae

A mosquito fern

Ginkgo biloba[6][3]

Linnaeus

2002

Ginkgoaceae

A ginkgo

Ginkgo dissecta[6][3]

Mustoe, 2002

2002

Ginkgoaceae

A ginkgo

Metasequoia occidentalis[7][3]

(Newberry) Chaney

1987

Cupressaceae

A dawn redwood

Flowering plants

Name Authority Year Family Notes Images

Acer rousei[8]

Wolfe & Tanai

1987

Sapindaceae

A maple

Acer stewarti[8]

Wolfe & Tanai

1987

Sapindaceae

A maple

Acer stonebergae[8]

Wolfe & Tanai

1987

Sapindaceae

A maple

Acer toradense[8]

Wolfe & Tanai

1987

Sapindaceae

A maple

Alnus parvifolia[3]

(Berry) Wolfe & Wehr

2013

Betulaceae

An Alder

Alnus parvifolia

Betula leopoldae[9][3]

Wolfe & Wehr

1987

Betulaceae

A birch

Fagopsis undulata[9]

(Knowlton) Wolfe & Wehr

2013

Fagaceae

A beech

Fagopsis undulata

Fothergilla dunthornei[10]

Radtke, Pigg, & Wehr

2005

Hamamelidaceae

A witch alder

Neviusia dunthornei[11]

DeVore, Moore, Pigg, & Wehr

2004

Rosaceae

A snow wreath

Orontium wolfei[12]

Bogner, Johnson, Kvaček & Upchurch

2007

Araceae

A golden-club

Pistillipollianthus wilsoni[13]

Stockey & Manchester

1988

incertae sedis

A flower of unidentified affinity

Palaeocarpinus stonebergae[14]

Pigg, Manchester, & Wehr

2003

Betulaceae

A betulaceous genus

Sassafras hesperia[3]

Berry

2013

Lauraceae

A laural genus

Stonebergia[15]

Wolfe & Wehr

1988

Rosaceae

A Sorbarieae genus

Tetracentron hopkinsii[16]

Pigg et al

2007

Trochodendraceae

A Tetracentron relative

Tsukada davidiifolia[3]

Wolfe & Wehr

2013

Nyssaceae

A dove-tree relative

Ulmus okanaganensis[17]

Denk & Dillhoff

2007

Ulmus

An Elm

Animals

Name Authority Year Family Notes Images

Dinokanaga wilsoni[18]

Archibald, 2005

2005

Dinopanorpidae

A scorpion fly species

Eriocampa tulameenensis[19]

Rice, 1968

1968

Tenthredinidae

A Sawfly

Pseudosiobla campbelli[19]

Rice, 1968

1968

Tenthredinidae

A Sawfly

Trogosus latidens[20][21]

Eberle, 2017

1935

Esthonychidae

A Tillodontia species

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gollark: Great!
gollark: Are we meant to have done that learning record?
gollark: Yes.
gollark: ++remind 16m thing

References

  1. Mustoe, G.E. (1 January 2011). "Cyclic sedimentation in the Eocene Allenby Formation of south-central British Columbia and the origin of the Princeton Chert fossil beds". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 48 (1): 25–43. doi:10.1139/E10-085.
  2. Penhallow, D.P. 1908. A report on Tertiary plants of British Columbia, collected by Lawrence M. Lambe in 1906 together with a discussion of previously recorded Tertiary floras. Canada Department of Mines, Geological Survey Branch, No. 1013. pp. 1–167.
  3. Dillhoff, R.M.; Dillhoff, T.A.; Greenwood, D.R.; DeVore, M.L.; Pigg, K.B. (2013). "The Eocene Thomas Ranch flora, Allenby Formation, Princeton, British Columbia, Canada". Botany. 91 (8): 514–529. doi:10.1139/cjb-2012-0313.
  4. Greenwood, D.R.; Pigg, K.B.; Basinger, J.F.; DeVore, M.L. (2016). "A review of paleobotanical studies of the Early Eocene Okanagan (Okanogan) Highlands floras of British Columbia, Canada, and Washington, U.S.A." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 53 (6): 548–564. doi:10.1139/cjes-2015-0177.
  5. Arnold, C. A. (1955). "A Tertiary Azolla from British Columbia" (PDF). Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan. 12 (4): 37–45.
  6. Mustoe, G.E. (2002). "Eocene Ginkgo leaf fossils from the Pacific Northwest". Canadian Journal of Botany. 80 (10): 1078–1087. doi:10.1139/b02-097.
  7. Chaney, R.W. (1951). "A revision of fossil Sequoia and Taxodium in western North America based on the recent discovery of Metasequoia". Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. 40 (3): 231.
  8. Wolfe, J.A.; Tanai, T. (1987). "Systematics, Phylogeny, and Distribution of Acer (maples) in the Cenozoic of Western North America". Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. Series 4, Geology and Mineralogy. 22 (1): 23, 74, 75, 240, & plate 4.
  9. Wolfe, J.A.; Wehr, W.C. (1987). "Middle Eocene dicotyledonous plants from Republic, northeastern Washington". United States Geological Survey Bulletin. 1597: 1–25.
  10. Radtke, M.G.; Pigg, K.B.; Wehr, W.C. (2005). "Fossil Corylopsis and Fothergilla Leaves (Hamamelidaceae) from the Lower Eocene Flora of Republic, Washington, U.S.A., and Their Evolutionary and Biogeographic Significance". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 166 (2): 347–356. doi:10.1086/427483.
  11. DeVore, M.L.; Moore, S.M.; Pigg, K.B.; Wehr, W.C. (2004). "Fossil Neviusia leaves (Rosaceae: Kerrieae) from the Lower Middle Eocene of Southern British Columbia". Rhodora. 12 (927): 197–209. JSTOR 23314752.
  12. Bogner, J.; Johnson, K. R.; Kvacek, Z.; Upchurch, G. R. (2007). "New fossil leaves of Araceae from the Late Cretaceous and Paleogene of western North America" (PDF). Zitteliana. A (47): 133–147. ISSN 1612-412X.
  13. Stockey, R. A.; Manchester, S. R. (1988). "A fossil flower with in situ Pistillipollenites from the Eocene of British Columbia". Canadian Journal of Botany. 66 (2): 313–318. doi:10.1139/b88-051.
  14. Pigg, K.B.; Manchester S.R.; Wehr W.C. (2003). "Corylus, Carpinus, and Palaeocarpinus (Betulaceae) from the Middle Eocene Klondike Mountain and Allenby Formations of Northwestern North America". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 164 (5): 807–822. doi:10.1086/376816.
  15. Wolfe, J.A.; Wehr, W.C. (1988). "Rosaceous Chamaebatiaria-like foliage from the Paleogene of western North America". Aliso. 12 (1): 177–200. doi:10.5642/aliso.19881201.14.
  16. Manchester, S.; Pigg, K. B.; Kvaček, Z; DeVore, M. L.; Dillhoff, R. M. (2018). "Newly recognized diversity in Trochodendraceae from the Eocene of western North America". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 179 (8): 663–676. doi:10.1086/699282.
  17. Denk, T.; Dillhoff, R.M. (2005). "Ulmus leaves and fruits from the Early-Middle Eocene of northwestern North America: systematics and implications for character evolution within Ulmaceae". Canadian Journal of Botany. 83 (12): 1663–1681. doi:10.1139/b05-122.
  18. Archibald, S.B. (2005). "New Dinopanorpidae (Insecta: Mecoptera) from the Eocene Okanagan Highlands (British Columbia, Canada and Washington State, USA)". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 42 (2): 119–136. doi:10.1139/e04-073.
  19. Rice, H.M.A. (1968). "Two Tertiary sawflies, (Hymenoptera - Tenthredinidae), from British Columbia". Geological Survey of Canada. 67 (59): 1–21.
  20. Russell, L.S. 1935. A middle Eocene mammal from British Columbia. American Journal of Science, 29: 54–55.
  21. Eberle, J.J., & Greenwood, D.R. (2017). An Eocene brontothere and tillodonts (Mammalia) from British Columbia, and their paleoenvironments. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 54(9): 981-992.
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