Aglaia edulis

Aglaia edulis is a tree species of plant in the family Meliaceae. It occurs in Tropical Asia from India to Yunnan and South-Central China. The wood and timber are used for various purposes.

Aglaia edulis
Herbarium specimen of Aglaia edulis

Near Threatened  (IUCN 2.3)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Sapindales
Family: Meliaceae
Genus: Aglaia
Species:
A. edulis
Binomial name
Aglaia edulis
(Roxb.) Wall., Report on Calcutta Bot. Gard. to G.A. Bushby 26 (1840)[2] [3]
Synonyms
  • Achras retusa Dennst.[4]
  • Aglaia acida Koord. & Valeton[3]
  • A. barberi Gamble
  • A. cambodiana Pierre
  • A. curranii Merr.
  • A. diffusa Merr.
  • A. indica (Hook.f.) Harms
  • A. khasiana Hiern
  • A. latifolia Miq.
  • A. latifolia var. teysmanni Koord. & Valet.][4]
  • A. magnifoliola C.DC.[3]
  • A. minahassae Koord.
  • A. montrouzieri Pierre
  • A. montrouzieri Pierre ex Pellegr.[4]
  • A. motleyana Stapf
  • A. motleyana Stapf ex Ridl.[3]
  • A. mucronulata C.DC.
  • A. oblonga Pierre
  • A. pirifera Hance
  • A. rugosa Pierre
  • A. samarensis Merr.
  • A. sulingi Blume
  • A. testicularis C.Y.Wu
  • A. undulata Miq.
  • A. verrucosa C.DC.[4]
  • Amoora verrucosa C.DC.
  • Beddomea indica Benth. & Hook.f.][3]
  • B. sarmentosa Hook.f. ex Bedd.
  • Camunium bengalense Buch.-Ham.[4]
  • C. bengalense Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.
  • Lepiaglaia montrouzieri Pierre[3]
  • Milnea cambodiana Pierre
  • M. edulis Roxb.
  • M. pirifera (Hance) Pierre
  • M. racemosa (Dennst.) Peterm.
  • M. racemosa M.Roem.[4]
  • M. rugosa Pierre[3]
  • M. sulingi (Blume) Teijsm. & Binn.
  • M. undulata Wall.[4]
  • M. verrucosa (C.DC.) Pierre[3]
  • Nyalelia racemosa Dennst.

Distribution

It is found in the Lesser Sunda Islands, Maluku Islands, Sulawesi, Jawa, Sumatera in Indonesia; Philippines; Malaysia; Thailand; Cambodia; Vietnam; Hainan, the South-central region and Yunnan in Zhōngguó/China; Laos; Myanmar; Bangladesh; Nicobar Islands, Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh, Eastern Himalaya and other parts of India; and Bhutan.[3][5]

Conservation status

It is regarded as Near Threatened in status as the population is severely fragmented, there is a continuing decline of mature individuals and there is a continuing decline in the area, extent and/or quality of habitat.[1] As noted below, it has critically endangered status in Bangladesh.

Descriptions, Habitats

It grows as an 8-20m tall tree in dense, semi-evergreen and evergreen forests of Cambodia.[6][7]. In the Phnom Kulen National Park, Siem Reap Province, it is one of the (12 or more) dominant canopy and emergent tree taxa in the common Evergreen Forest formation.[8]

In Zhōngguó/China it occurs a tree some 5-9m tall, with a diameter at breast height of 30cm.[9] It has rufous bark, though young branches are glabrous and pale brown. Leaves are 25 to 30cm. The fruit, c.5.5 by 3-3.5cm is brown and elliptic, 1 to 3 seeds. It flowers and fruits from November to January. The tree grows in evergreen broad-leaved forests at 1200-1800m elevation on limestone hills, particularly in Malipo County, Yunnan.

The International Union for Conservation of Nature/IUCN has the plant as a rare scattered tree primarily found along rocky coasts in evergreen and primary forest.[1]

A. edulis trees have one of the largest diameter sizes (50-70cm) in the Dryland Forest and Swamp Peat Forest formations in the Muara Kendawangan Nature Reserve, Ketapang Regency, West Kalimantan, Indonesia (0 to 30m.a.s.l.). It occurs in the Baccaurea lanceolata-Calophyllum inophyllum association of taxa.[10]

In Doi Suthep–Pui National Park, northern Thailand, it is one of the upper canopy trees of the Evergreen Forest formation, growing from 1,350m to 1,500m elevation.[11]

The species grows amongst the 16–22m high middle layer of the three levels of dense vine-tangled canopy occurring in the Dry Evergreen Forest community at the Sakae Rat Environmental Research Station, Pak Thong Chai District, northeastern Thailand.[12]

At Hazarikhil Wildlife Sanctuary, Chittagong Division, the tree's presence in Bangladesh was established for the first time since the only previous record made by Joseph Dalton Hooker (Hook.f.) in 1875. It had been thought extinct, it is now given a critically endangered status.[13]

Vernacular names

Vernacular names for the plant include:

Uses

In Cambodia, the fruits of the trees known as -mchu:l are eaten, when ripe, while the wood is used in temporary constructions and for firewood.[6]. The timber of the trees known as bâng' kew, bângkô:ng or bangkuv (which is common in Pursat Province and also found in Stung Treng Province) is valued highly in construction, even though it is a Third-class (lowest-grade) timber, with very low royalties due for extraction.[7] The timber of this species is red, hard, and usually used for making carts, boats, furniture, etc.[9]

gollark: We're working on phase 2 right now.
gollark: It's a bizarre thing to entirely leave over, honestly?
gollark: Maybe ask them to return.
gollark: He was just weirdly obsessed with lyricly existing.
gollark: He could just have not left, so meh.

References
  1. Pannell, C.M. (1998). "Aglaia edulis". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 1998: e.T34908A9896282. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T34908A9896282.en.
  2. "Aglaia edulis (Roxb.) Wall., Report on Calcutta Bot. Gard. to G.A. Bushby 26 (1840): (1840)". International Plant Name Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
  3. "Aglaia edulis (Roxb.) Wall". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Science. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
  4. "Aglaia edulis (Roxb.) N.Wallich". GBIF, Global Biodiversity Information Facility. gbif.org. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  5. "Taxon: Aglaia edulis (Roxb.) Wall". U.S. National Plant Germplasm System. USDA, Agricultural Research Service 2020. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  6. Pauline Dy Phon (2000). Plants Utilised In Cambodia/Plantes utilisées au Cambodge. Phnom Penh: Imprimerie Olympic. pp. 14, 15.
  7. Kimsun Chhenga; Nophea Sasaki; Nobuya Mizoue; Saret Khorn; Dana Kao; Andrew Lowe (2016). "Assessment of carbon stocks of semi-evergreen forests in Cambodia". Global Ecology and Conservation. Elsevier. 5 (January): 34–47. doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2015.11.007. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  8. Hayes, Benjamin, & others. "A Biodiversity Assessment of Phnom Kulen National Park, with Recommendations for Management. 2013" (PDF). The Rufford Foundation. Integrated Solutions Asia Cooperation. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
  9. "7. Aglaia edulis (Roxburgh) Wallich, Calc. Garden Rep. 26. 1840". Flora of China. 11: 122, 124. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  10. Purwaningsih; Kartawinata, K (2018). "Species Composition and Structure of Forests in the Muara Kendawangan Nature Reserve, West- Kalimantan, Indonesia". IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. IOP Publishing. 166 (12005): 012005. Bibcode:2018E&ES..166a2005P. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/166/1/012005.
  11. Osami Nakamura; Natdainai Likhitrakarn. "Protura (Hexapoda) from Doi Suthep-Pui National Park, Chiang Mai, Thailand". Zootaxa. Magnolia Press. 2121: 1–16. ISSN 1175-5334. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  12. Sandrine Lamotte; Jiragorn Gajaseni; François Malaisse (1998). "Structure diversity in three forest types of north-eastern Thailand (Sakaerat Reserve, Pak Tong Chai)". Biotechnol. Agron. Soc. Environ. 2 (3): 192–202. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  13. Rahman, M. A. (2018). "Plant diversity in Hazarikhil Wildlife Sanctuary of Chittagong and its conservation management". Journal of Biodiversity Conservation and Bioresource Management. 3 (2): 43–56. doi:10.3329/jbcbm.v3i2.36027. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  14. "Gội dịu". WikipediA tiếng Việt. wikipedia.org. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
  15. "ചുവന്നകിൽ (Aglaia edulis)". കോവിഡ്-19: ജാഗ്രതയാണ് ഏറ്റവും നല്ല പ്രതിരോധം. wikipedia.org. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
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