Aglaia
Aglaia is a genus of 117 species[1] of woody trees belonging to the Mahogany family (Meliaceae). These trees occur in the subtropical and tropical forests of Southeast Asia, Northern Australia and the Pacific.
| Aglaia | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Aglaia roxburghiana | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Sapindales |
| Family: | Meliaceae |
| Subfamily: | Melioideae |
| Genus: | Aglaia Lour. |
| Species | |
|
Over 390, see text. | |
Some species are important timber trees; others have scented flowers, or medicinal properties (the edible fruits duku or langsat have now been placed in the genus Lansium). Many have complex biological relationships with their dispersal agents.
Phytochemistry
Species in the genus Aglaia synthesize a unique class of highly bioactive chemical compounds known as flavaglines. Over 50 unique compounds of this class have been described so far, including rocaglamide, aglafoline, silvestrol, pannellin, episilvestrol, and ponapensin.[2][3][4][5][6] They are known for their anti-cancer, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory and insecticidal properties. Several of these compounds have been shown to be exceptional therapeutic agents for cancer chemotherapy, however further research is needed to develop medicines.[2]
Species
Due to considerable morphological variation, this genus presents numerous taxonomic problems, with the number of accepted species varying from 117[1] to over 390 depending on the species concept used.[7][8]
- Aglaia abbreviata: (China)
- Aglaia acariaeantha: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia acida: (Java)
- Aglaia acminatissima: (Malaysia)
- Aglaia acuminata: (Philippines)
- Aglaia affinis: (Philippines)
- Aglaia agglomerata: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia agusanensis: (Philippines)
- Aglaia aherniana: (Philippines)
- Aglaia allocotantha: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia alternifoliola: (Philippines)
- Aglaia amplexicaulis
- Aglaia andamanica: (Andaman islands)
- Aglaia angustifolia: (Sumatra)
- Aglaia annamensis: (SE Asia)
- Aglaia antonii: (Philippines)
- Aglaia apiocarpa: (Sri Lanka)
- Aglaia apoana: (Philippines)
- Aglaia araeantha: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia archboldiana
- Aglaia argentea: (Java)
- Aglaia aspera: (Java)
- Aglaia attenuata: (China)
- Aglaia australiensis: (Queensland)
- Aglaia axillaris
- Aglaia badia: (Philippines)
- Aglaia bamleri: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia banahaensis: (Philippines)
- Aglaia baramensis: (Borneo)
- Aglaia barbanthera: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia barbatula: (Java)
- Aglaia barberi: (India)
- Aglaia basiphylla: (Fiji)
- Aglaia batjanica: (Malaysia)
- Aglaia bauerleni: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia beccarii: (Borneo)
- Aglaia bergmanni: (Pacific)
- Aglaia bernardoi: (Philippines)
- Aglaia betchei: (Samoa)
- Aglaia bicolor: (Philippines)
- Aglaia boanana: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia bordenii: (Philippines)
- Aglaia borneensis: (Borneo)
- Aglaia bourdillonii
- Aglaia brachybotrys: (Philippines)
- Aglaia brassii: (Solomon Islands)
- Aglaia brevipeduncula: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia brevipetiolata: (Philippines)
- Aglaia brownii: (Queensland, New Guinea)
- Aglaia bullata: (Borneo)
- Aglaia cagayanensis: (Philippines)
- Aglaia calelanensis: (Philippines)
- Aglaia canarensis: (India)
- Aglaia canariifolia: (Sulawesi)
- Aglaia caroli: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia carrii: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia caudatifoliolata: (Borneo)
- Aglaia cauliflora: (Sulawesi)
- Aglaia caulobotrys: (Philippines)
- Aglaia cedreloides: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia celebica: (Sulawesi)
- Aglaia ceramica
- Aglaia chalmersi: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia chartacea: (Sumatra)
- Aglaia chaudocensis: (SE Asia)
- Aglaia chittagonga: (Bangladesh, Taiwan, Thailand)
- Aglaia cinerea: (Malaya)
- Aglaia cinnamomea: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia clarkii: (Philippines)
- Aglaia clemensiae: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia clementis: (Borneo)
- Aglaia conferta: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia confertiflora: (Borneo)
- Aglaia congylos: (Sri Lanka)
- Aglaia copelandii: (Philippines)
- Aglaia cordata: (Malaysia)
- Aglaia coriacea: (Borneo)
- Aglaia costata: (Philippines)
- Aglaia crassinervia: (India)
- Aglaia cremea: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia cucullata
- Aglaia cumingiana
- Aglaia cuprea: (Philippines)
- Aglaia cupreo-lepidota: (Philippines)
- Aglaia curranii: (Philippines)
- Aglaia curtisii
- Aglaia cuspidata: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia cuspidella: (Borneo)
- Aglaia dasyclada: (China)
- Aglaia davaoensis: (Philippines)
- Aglaia densisquama: (Borneo)
- Aglaia densitricha: (Malaysia)
- Aglaia denticulata: (Philippines)
- Aglaia diepenhorstii: (Sumatra)
- Aglaia diffusa: (Philippines)
- Aglaia diffusiflora: (Philippines)
- Aglaia discolor: (Borneo)
- Aglaia doctersiana: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia duperreana: (SE Asia)
- Aglaia dyeri: (Sulawesi)
- Aglaia dysoxylifolia: (Sulawesi)
- Aglaia edelfeldti: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia edulis: (India, Fiji)
- Aglaia elaeagnoidea: (SE Asia, Queensland)
- Aglaia elaphina: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia elliptica
- Aglaia elliptifolia: (Philippines)
- Aglaia elmeri: (Borneo)
- Aglaia ermischii: (Pacific)
- Aglaia erythrosperma: (Malaysia, Borneo)
- Aglaia euphorioides: (SE Asia)
- Aglaia euryanthera: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia euryphylla: (Java)
- Aglaia eusideroxylon: (Java)
- Aglaia evansensis
- Aglaia everettii: (Philippines)
- Aglaia exigua: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia exstipulata
- Aglaia flavescens: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia flavida: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia forbesiana: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia forbesii: (Malaysia)
- Aglaia forstenii: (Ambon)
- Aglaia foveolata: (Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra)
- Aglaia fragilis
- Aglaia fraseri: (Borneo)
- Aglaia fusca: (Andaman Islands)
- Aglaia gagnepainiana: (Laos)
- Aglaia gamopetala: (Borneo)
- Aglaia ganggo: (Sumatra)
- Aglaia gibbsiae: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia gjellerupii: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia glabrata
- Aglaia glabriflora: (Malaysia)
- Aglaia glaucescens: (Andaman Islands)
- Aglaia glomerata: (Philippines)
- Aglaia goebeliana: (Pacific)
- Aglaia gracilis
- Aglaia gracillima: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia grandifoliola: (Philippines)
- Aglaia grandis: (Borneo)
- Aglaia greenwoodii
- Aglaia griffithii: (Malaysia)
- Aglaia hapalantha: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia haplophylla: (Malaysia)
- Aglaia harmsiana: (Philippines)
- Aglaia hartmanni: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia haslettiana: (India)
- Aglaia havilandii: (Borneo)
- Aglaia hemsleyi: (Sulawesi)
- Aglaia heptandra: (Java)
- Aglaia heterobotrys: (Sumatra)
- Aglaia heteroclita: (Malaysia)
- Aglaia heterophylla: (Borneo)
- Aglaia heterotricha: (Tonga)
- Aglaia hexandra: (Philippines)
- Aglaia hiernii: (Malaysia)
- Aglaia hoanensis: (SE Asia)
- Aglaia hoii: (Vietnam)
- Aglaia huberti: (Borneo)
- Aglaia humilis
- Aglaia hypoleuca: (Sumatra)
- Aglaia ignea: (Sumatra)
- Aglaia iloilo: (Philippines)
- Aglaia insignis: (Borneo)
- Aglaia integrifolia: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia intricatoreticulata: (Malaysia)
- Aglaia janowskyi: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia javanica: (Sulawesi)
- Aglaia kabaensis: (Sumatra)
- Aglaia khasiana: (Indonesia)
- Aglaia kingiana
- Aglaia korthalsii: (SE Asia)
- Aglaia kunstleri
- Aglaia laevigata: (Philippines)
- Aglaia lagunensis: (Philippines)
- Aglaia lanceolata: (Philippines)
- Aglaia lancilimba: (Philippines)
- Aglaia langlassei: (Philippines)
- Aglaia lanuginosa
- Aglaia latifolia: (Java)
- Aglaia lauterbachiana: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia lawii: (India, SE Asia)
- Aglaia laxiflora: (Borneo)
- Aglaia ledermannii: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia leeuwenii: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia lepidopetala: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia lepiorrhachis: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia leptantha: (Sumatra)
- Aglaia leptoclada: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia leucoclada: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia leucophylla
- Aglaia littoralis: (Indonesia)
- Aglaia llanosiana: (Philippines)
- Aglaia longepetiolulata: (Sumatra)
- Aglaia longifolia: (Java)
- Aglaia longipetiolata: (Philippines)
- Aglaia luzoniensis
- Aglaia maboroana: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia mackiana: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia macrobotrys: (Philippines)
- Aglaia macrocarpa
- Aglaia macrostigma
- Aglaia magnifoliola: (Sunda Island)
- Aglaia maiae: (Indonesia)
- Aglaia maingayi: (Malaysia)
- Aglaia malabarica: (India)
- Aglaia malaccensis
- Aglaia marginata: (Thailand)
- Aglaia mariannensis: (Philippines)
- Aglaia matthewsii: (Borneo)
- Aglaia megistocarpa: (Borneo)
- Aglaia meliosmoides: (Thailand)
- Aglaia membranifolia: (Malaysia)
- Aglaia menadonensis: (Sulawesi)
- Aglaia meridionalis
- Aglaia merrillii: (Philippines)
- Aglaia micrantha: (Philippines)
- Aglaia micropora: (Philippines)
- Aglaia minahassae: (Sulawesi)
- Aglaia mindanaensis: (Philippines)
- Aglaia minutiflora: (Indonesia)
- Aglaia mirandae: (Philippines)
- Aglaia monophylla: (Philippines)
- Aglaia monozyga: (Borneo)
- Aglaia montana: (Java)
- Aglaia motleyana: (Borneo)
- Aglaia moultonii: (Borneo)
- Aglaia mucronulata: (Java)
- Aglaia multiflora: (Philippines)
- Aglaia multifoliola: (Philippines)
- Aglaia multijuga: (Fiji)
- Aglaia multinervis
- Aglaia myriantha: (Philippines)
- Aglaia myristicifolia: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia negrosensis: (Philippines)
- Aglaia neotenica: (Borneo)
- Aglaia nivea
- Aglaia nudibacca: (Solomon Islands)
- Aglaia oblanceolata: (Thailand)
- Aglaia obliqua: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia oblonga: (SE Asia)
- Aglaia ochneocarpa: (Sumatra)
- Aglaia odoardoi: (Borneo)
- Aglaia odorata: Chinese Rice Flower (China)
- Aglaia odoratissima
- Aglaia oligantha: (Philippines)
- Aglaia oligocarpa: (Sumatra)
- Aglaia oligophylla: (SE Asia)
- Aglaia oxypetala
- Aglaia pachyphylla: (Sumatra)
- Aglaia palauensis: (Palau island)
- Aglaia palawanensis
- Aglaia palembanica: (Borneo)
- Aglaia pallida
- Aglaia pamattonis: (Borneo)
- Aglaia paniculata: (Indonesia)
- Aglaia parksii
- Aglaia parviflora: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia parvifolia: (Philippines)
- Aglaia parvifoliola: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia pauciflora: (Philippines)
- Aglaia pedicellaris: (Indonesia)
- Aglaia peekelii: (Bismarck Archipel)
- Aglaia penningtoniana: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia perfulva: (Philippines)
- Aglaia perviridis: (Indonesia)
- Aglaia phaeogyna: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia pirifera: synonym of Aglaia edulis
- Aglaia pleuropteris: (Vietnam)
- Aglaia poilanei: (Vietnam)
- Aglaia polyneura: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia polyphylla: (Java)
- Aglaia ponapensis (Caroline Islands)
- Aglaia porulifera: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia poulocondorensis: (SE Asia)
- Aglaia procera: (Solomon Islands)
- Aglaia psilopetala: (Polynesia)
- Aglaia puberulanthera: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia puncticulata: (Philippines)
- Aglaia pycnocarpa: (Sumatra)
- Aglaia pycnoneura: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia pyramidata: (China)
- Aglaia pyricarpa: (Sumatra)
- Aglaia pyriformis: (Philippines)
- Aglaia pyrrholepis: (Java)
- Aglaia querciflorescens: (Philippines)
- Aglaia quocensis: (SE Asia)
- Aglaia racemosa: (Borneo)
- Aglaia ramosii: (Philippines)
- Aglaia ramotricha: (Borneo)
- Aglaia ramuensis: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia rechingerae: (Bismarck Archipelago)
- Aglaia reinwardtii: (Sulawesi)
- Aglaia repoeuensis: (SE Asia)
- Aglaia reticulata: (Philippines)
- Aglaia rimosa
- Aglaia rivularis: (Borneo)
- Aglaia rizalensis: (Philippines)
- Aglaia robinsonii: (Philippines)
- Aglaia rodatzii: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia roemeri: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia roxburghiana: (SE Asia)
- Aglaia rubiginosa
- Aglaia rubra: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia rubrivenia: (Solomon Islands)
- Aglaia rudolfi: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia rufa: (Sumatra)
- Aglaia rufibarbis
- Aglaia rufinervis
- Aglaia rugulosa: (Malaysia, Borneo)
- Aglaia salicifolia: (Malaysia)
- Aglaia saltatorum: (Tonga Island)
- Aglaia samarensis: (Philippines)
- Aglaia samoensis: (Samoa)
- Aglaia sapindina: (Australia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands)
- Aglaia saxonii: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia schlechteri: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia schraderiana: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia schultzei: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia sclerocarpa: (Sulawesi)
- Aglaia scortechinii
- Aglaia sessilifolia
- Aglaia sexipetala
- Aglaia shawiana: (Borneo)
- Aglaia sibuyanensis: (Philippines)
- Aglaia silvestris
- Aglaia simplex: (Borneo)
- Aglaia simplicifolia: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia smithii: (Sulawesi)
- Aglaia soepadmoi
- Aglaia somalensis: (Somaliland)
- Aglaia sorsogonensis: (Philippines)
- Aglaia spaniantha: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia speciosa
- Aglaia spectabilis
- Aglaia splendens: (Java)
- Aglaia squamulosa: (SE Asia)
- Aglaia stapfii: (Sulawesi)
- Aglaia steinii: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia stellatopilosa
- Aglaia stellato-tomentosa: (Philippines)
- Aglaia stellipila: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia stenophylla: (Philippines)
- Aglaia sterculioides: (Borneo)
- Aglaia subcuprea: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia subgrisea: (Malaysia)
- Aglaia subminutiflora: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia submonophylla: (Borneo)
- Aglaia subsessilis: (Borneo)
- Aglaia subviridis: (Philippines)
- Aglaia sulingi: (Java)
- Aglaia tarangisi: (Philippines)
- Aglaia tayabensis: (Philippines)
- Aglaia taynguyenensis: (Vietnam)
- Aglaia tembelingensis: (Malaysia)
- Aglaia tenuicaulis: (Malaysia)
- Aglaia tenuifolia: (China)
- Aglaia testicularis: (China)
- Aglaia teysmanniana: (Sumatra)
- Aglaia tomentosa: (Indonesia)
- Aglaia trichostemon: (Borneo)
- Aglaia trichostoma: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia trimera: (Borneo)
- Aglaia tripetala: (Borneo)
- Aglaia trunciflora: (Philippines)
- Aglaia tsangii: (China)
- Aglaia turczaninowii: (Philippines)
- Aglaia ulawaensis: (Solomon Islands)
- Aglaia umbrina: (Philippines)
- Aglaia undulata: (Indonesia)
- Aglaia unifolia
- Aglaia unifoliata: (Borneo)
- Aglaia urdanetensis: (Philippines)
- Aglaia uropbylla: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia variisquama: (Malaysia, Borneo)
- Aglaia venusta: (Hawaii)
- Aglaia versteeghii: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia villamilii: (Philippines)
- Aglaia vitiensis: (Hawaii)
- Aglaia vulpina: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia wallichii: (Indonesia)
- Aglaia wangii: (China)
- Aglaia whitmeei: (Samoa)
- Aglaia winckelii: (Java)
- Aglaia yunnanensis: (China)
- Aglaia yzermannii: (Malaysia)
- Aglaia zippelii: (New Guinea)
- Aglaia zollingeri: (Java)
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References
- "Aglaia Lour. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2020-02-07.
- Kim, Soyoung; Salim, Angela; Swanson, Steven; Douglas Kinghorn, A. (2006-07-01). "Potential of Cyclopenta[b]benzofurans from Aglaia Species in Cancer Chemotherapy". Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry. 6 (4): 319–345. doi:10.2174/187152006777698123. ISSN 1871-5206. PMID 16842234.
- Ribeiro, Nigel; Thuaud, Frédéric; Nebigil, Canan; Désaubry, Laurent (March 2012). "Recent advances in the biology and chemistry of the flavaglines". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. 20 (6): 1857–1864. doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2011.10.048. ISSN 0968-0896. PMID 22071525.
- Hwang, Bang Yeon; Su, Bao-Ning; Chai, Heebyung; Mi, Qiuwen; Kardono, Leonardus B. S.; Afriastini, Johar J.; Riswan, Soedarsono; Santarsiero, Bernard D.; Mesecar, Andrew D.; Wild, Robert; Fairchild, Craig R. (May 2004). "Silvestrol and Episilvestrol, Potential Anticancer Rocaglate Derivatives fromAglaia silvestris". The Journal of Organic Chemistry. 69 (10): 3350–3358. doi:10.1021/jo040120f. ISSN 0022-3263. PMID 15132542.
- Brader, G.; Vajrodaya, S.; Greger, H.; Bacher, M.; Kalchhauser, H.; Hofer, O. (December 1998). "Bisamides, Lignans, Triterpenes, and Insecticidal Cyclopenta[b]benzofurans fromAglaiaSpecies1". Journal of Natural Products. 61 (12): 1482–1490. doi:10.1021/np9801965. ISSN 0163-3864. PMID 9868148.
- Salim, Angela A.; Pawlus, Alison D.; Chai, Hee-Byung; Farnsworth, Norman R.; Douglas Kinghorn, A.; Carcache-Blanco, Esperanza J. (January 2007). "Ponapensin, a cyclopenta[bc]benzopyran with potent NF-κB inhibitory activity from Aglaia ponapensis". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 17 (1): 109–112. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.09.084. ISSN 0960-894X. PMC 2786496. PMID 17055270.
- Muellner, Alexandra N.; Samuel, Rosabelle; Chase, Mark W.; Pannell, Caroline M.; Greger, Harald (2005). "Aglaia (Meliaceae): an evaluation of taxonomic concepts based on DNA data and secondary metabolites". American Journal of Botany. 92 (3): 534–543. doi:10.3732/ajb.92.3.534. PMID 21652432.
- Grudinski, Melanie; Pannell, Caroline M.; Chase, Mark W.; Ahmad, Joffre A.; Muellner-Riehl, Alexandra N. (April 2014). "An evaluation of taxonomic concepts of the widespread plant genus Aglaia and its allies across Wallace's Line (tribe Aglaieae, Meliaceae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 73: 65–76. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.01.025. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 24495856.
External links
- Pannell, C.M. (1992). A taxonomic monograph of the genus Aglaia Lour. (Meliaceae). Kew Bulletin Additional Series. XV1. London: HMSO. ISBN 978-0-11-250067-4.
- Pannell, C.M. (1997). Dranseld, J.; et al. (eds.). Solving problems in the taxonomy of Aglaia (Meliaceae): functional syndromes and the biological monograph. Pl. Div. Mal. III. pp. 163–170.
- Satasook, C.; Isman, M.B.; Ishibashi, F.; Medbury, S.; Wiriyachitra, P.; Towers, G.H.N. (1994), "Insecticidal bioactivity of crude extracts of Aglaia species (Meliaceae)", Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 22 (2): 121–7, doi:10.1016/0305-1978(94)90002-7
- "Aglaia Lour". Atlas of Living Australia.
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