Adolf Glunz

Adolf "Addi" Glunz (11 June 1916 – 1 August 2002) was a German Luftwaffe military aviator and fighter ace during World War II. He is credited with 71 aerial victories achieved in 574 combat missions. All but three of his victories were claimed over the Western Front and in Defense of the Reich. This figure included seventeen four-engine bombers and 37 Supermarine Spitfire fighters.

Adolf Glunz
Born(1916-06-11)11 June 1916
Mecklenburg
Died1 August 2002(2002-08-01) (aged 86)
Lüdenscheid
Allegiance Nazi Germany
Service/branch Luftwaffe
Years of service1939–45
RankOberleutnant (first lieutenant)
UnitJG 52, JG 26, EJG 2, JG 7
Battles/wars
See battles

World War II

AwardsKnight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
Other work

Born in Bresegard, Glunz grew up in the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany. He joined the military service in the Luftwaffe in 1939 and was trained as a fighter pilot. Following flight training, he was posted to Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52—52nd Fighter Wing) in November 1940. Flying with this wing, Glunz claimed his first aerial victory on 7 May 1941 on the Western Front over a Royal Air Force fighter aircraft. In preparation of Operation Barbarossa, JG 52 was moved east where Glunz claimed three Soviet aircraft destroyed. In July 1941, he was assigned to Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter" (JG 26—26th Fighter Wing), operating on the Western Front. On 29 August 1943, Glunz was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, the only non-commissioned officer of JG 26 to receive this distinction. In January 1944, Glunz was appointed squadron leader of 5. Staffel (5th squadron) and in March of 6. Staffel, followed by his promotion to an officer's rank in April. On 24 June 1944, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves. Glunz claimed his last aerial victory on 1 January 1945 during Operation Bodenplatte. In March 1945, he underwent conversion training to the Messerschmitt Me 262 jet fighter. In April, Glunz transferred to Jagdgeschwader 7 (JG 7—7th Fighter Wing), the first jet fighter wing but did not fly the Me 262 operationally.

In May 1945, Glunz was taken prisoner of war and released in June 1946. He then became a Formula Three race car driver before he founded his own business, giving driving lessons. Glunz died on 1 August 2002 in Lüdenscheid.

Early life and career

Glunz was born on 11 June 1918 in Bresegard, district of Ludwigslust, at the time in the Province of Pomerania of the German Empire. He was the son Karl Glunz, a Beamter, or civil servant, of the Deutsche Reichsbahn. Due to his father's job, the family moved to Hamburg and in 1934 to Heide.[1] Following graduation from school, Glunz began vocational education in mechanical engineering. In Heide, he worked for a company which built glider aircraft, triggering his interest in flying. Aged sixteen, he began building and flying glider aircraft. Glunz then became a flight instructor with the National Socialist Flyers Corps 11/16 of the Nord Gruppe (northern group), teaching members of Hitler Youth to fly.[2]

From 2 November 1938 to 25 March 1939, Glunz attended the compulsory Reichsarbeitsdienst (Reich Labour Service). Glunz joined the military service of the Luftwaffe on 1 September 1939, the day German forces invaded Poland starting World War II in Europe. He served with 2. Kompanie (2nd company) of Flieger-Ausbildungs-Regiment 61 (61st Flight Training Regiment), completing on 30 September.[2] He was then transferred to 1. Staffel (1st squadron) of Jagdfliegerschule 4 (fighter pilot school) in Fürth. After he completed flight training, [Note 1] he received the Pilot's Badge (Pilotenabzeichen) on 4 October 1940. He was then posted to the Ergänzungsstaffel (a training unit) of Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52—52nd Fighter Wing) on 1 November 1940.[4]

World War II

World War II in Europe began on Friday 1 September 1939 when German forces invaded Poland. On 9 November 1940, Glunz was transferred from the Ergänzungsstaffel to 4. Staffel of JG 52, a squadron of the II. Gruppe.[4] At the time, II. Gruppe of JG 51 was undergoing a period of rest and replenishment at Mönchengladbach following the Battle of Britain. There, the Gruppe's strength was brought to 24 Messerschmitt Bf 109 Es, including a few Bf 109 E-8.[5] The Gruppe was commanded by Hauptmann Erich Woitke while 4. Staffel was headed by Oberleutnant Johannes Steinhoff.[6] On 22 December, II. Gruppe was ordered to Leeuwarden Airfield where it was tasked with patrolling the North Sea coast in the Netherlands. Following a brief stay at Haamstede, the Gruppe was moved to Berck-sur-Mer on 10 February 1941. On 27 April, II. Gruppe was moved again, this time to an airfield at Katwijk where it started receiving the first aircraft of the Bf 109 F series.[7] Flying from Katwijk on 7 May, Glunz claimed his first aerial victory when he shot down a Royal Air Force (RAF) Supermarine Spitfire fighter 5 kilometers (3.1 miles) east of Deal. On 19 May, he was credited with another Spitfire destroyed, claimed at 12:40 north of Dover.[8] On 9 June, II. Gruppe of JG 51 was withdrawn from the Channel Front.[7]

On 13 June, the Stab and 4. Staffel of JG 52 were ordered east to Suwałki, located about 30 km (19 mi) from the southwestern Lithuanian border, while 5. and 6. Staffel where moved to Eastern Prussia. On 22 June, German forces launched Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union. At the start of this invasion, II. Gruppe was controlled the Stab of Jagdgeschwader 27 (JG 27—27th Fighter Wing) which was subordinated to VIII. Fliegerkorps (2nd Air Corps) and part of Luftflotte 2 (Air Fleet 2). JG 27 area of operation during Operation Barbarossa was over the northern area of Army Group Center.[9] Glunz claimed his first aerial victory on the Eastern Front in the vicinity of Varėna on 26 June. That day he shot down an Ilyushin DB-3 bomber at 09:33.[10] On 16 July 1941, his Bf 109 F-2 (Werknummer 8175—factory number) suffered engine failure resulting in an emergency landing at Vitebsk.[11]

Western Front

Glunz joined Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter" (JG 26—26th Fighter Wing) on 18 July 1941 and was assigned to the II. Gruppe.[12] At the time, II. Gruppe was commanded by Hauptmann Walter Adolph and based at Moorsele Airfield, Belgium near the English Channel.[13] Glunz made hist first check flight with this unit on 24 July and flew his first combat mission on 29 July with 4. Staffel.[14] On 6 August, he flew another mission resulting in no claims or losses.[15] On 21 August, the RAF Fighter Command targeted a chemical plant at Chocques with "Circus" No. 83 and Nr. 84. Following combat, Glunz made a forced landing of Bf 109 E-7 at Saint-Omer.[16]

For 22 aerial victories, Glunz was awarded the German Cross in Gold (Deutsches Kreuz in Gold) on 1 November 1942.[17] Glunz flew a reconnaissance mission to England on 19 January 1943, patrolling the English coast from Hastings to Dover without encountering any opposition.[18] On 3 February, the RAF flew "Circus" missions No. 259, attacking the Saint-Omer railroad yard. The attacking Lockheed Ventura medium bombers were escorted by Spitfires from the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) No. 416 (RCAF) Squadron. In this encounter, Glunz claimed a Spitfire shot down at 15:30 which was not confirmed.[19]

No. 2 Group had been complemented with two squadrons of de Havilland Mosquito combat aircraft. On the evening of 28 March 1943, six Mosquitos were spotted heading towards Dunkirk. Glunz's Schwarm scrambled from Vitry airfield to defend the airfield. The flight succeeded in intercepting the Mosquitos and Glunz shot down two No. 105 Squadron Mosquitos south of Lille.[20] On 29 August, Glunz received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes).[21]

Squadron leader

On 14 January 1944, the Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 5. Staffel, Hauptmann Johann Aistleitner, was killed in action. In consequence, Glunz was appointed his successor and was made a Staffelführer, the first non-commissioned officer of JG 26 to hold such a position.[22] On 3 March 1944, Glunz was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 6. Staffel, replacing Leutnant Friedrich Lang who was killed in action on 2 March.[23] He was promoted to Leutnant on 1 April 1944.

He was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub) on 24 June 1944 after 65 victories.[24] The award was officially presented at the Führerhauptquartier at Rastenburg on 2 August 1944 by Adolf Hitler. Also present at the ceremony were Friedrich Lang, Erich Hartmann and Heinz-Wolfgang Schnaufer who receive the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub und Schwertern), and Horst Kaubisch and Eduard Skrzipek who were also awared the Oak Leaves.[25]

Glunz is credited with 71 aerial victories achieved in 574 combat missions. He engaged the enemy on 238 occasions and claimed all but three victories over the Western Front. Glunz is most noted for never being shot down or wounded all this time. The nearest he came to losing an aircraft was on 13 October 1944, when a broken oil pipe caused his engine to fail while in combat with two P-47 Thunderbolt.[26]

Glunz most successful day as a fighter pilot was 22 February 1944 when during the course of two combat missions he claimed four B-17 Flying Fortress, a P-47 Thunderbolt plus forcing another B-17 out of formation. Only three B-17s and the P-47 were confirmed bringing his score to 58.[27]

On 1 January 1945, Glunz led 6. Staffel in its attack on Brussels-Evere airfield during Operation Bodenplatte, an attempt to gain air superiority during the stagnant stage of the Battle of the Bulge. II. Gruppe, under the command of Major Anton Hackl, took off from Nordhorn at 08:29, arriving at the target area at approximately 09:20. At 09:25, fighters from No. 416 Squadron were scrambled to counter the German attack. The first Spitfires just made it into the air when sixty Fw 190s and Bf 109s arrived. Before reaching combat speed, Flight Lieutenant David Harling was shot down and killed by Glunz. In addition, Glunz made nine strafing attacks on Brussels-Evere airfield, claiming five aircraft destroyed, plus two further damaged, including one through the open door of a hangar. [28]

Glunz left JG 26 on 18 March 1945, transferring to III. Gruppe of Ergänzungs-Jagdgeschwader, for conversion training to the then new Messerschmitt Me 262 jet fighter.[29] In mid-April, he was then assigned II. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 7 (JG 7—7th Fighter Wing) In February 1945 Glunz was assigned to JG 7 and undertook conversion training to the Messerschmitt Me 262 jet fighter. However he never flew the Me 262 in combat.[27]

Later life

Glunz became a motor racing driver after the war. On 11 June 1950, he took third place in the XV Eifelrennen, a Formula Three motor race, driving a Scampolo 501 DKW.[30] On 20 August 1950, he participated in the Großer Preis von Deutschland (German Grand Prix) held on the Nürburgring.[31] At the end of the 1950 German Formula 3 Championship, he finished in eighth place, tied with Oscar Frank with. Both drivers finished the season with three points.[32] In 1951, Glunz participated in various races of the 1951 German Formula 3 Championship, but did not win points.[33]

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims

Matthews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 69 aerial victory claims, plus eleven further unconfirmed claims. This figure includes three aerial victories on the Eastern Front and 66 over the Western Allies, including 17 four-engined bombers.[34]

Awards
  • Pilot Badge (4 October 1940)[49]
  • Iron Cross (1939)
    • 2nd Class (26 May 1941)[50]
    • 1st Class (8 June 1941)[50]
  • Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe for fighter pilots in Gold with Pennant "200"
    • in Bronze (1 July 1941)[49]
    • in Silver (1 October 1941)[49]
    • in Gold (25 August 1942)[49]
    • Pennant "200" (10 July 1944)[49]
  • Honour Goblet of the Luftwaffe (Ehrenpokal der Luftwaffe) on 29 June 1942 as Feldwebel and pilot[51][52]
  • German Cross in Gold on 15 October 1942 as Feldwebel in the 4./Jagdgeschwader 26[53]
  • Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
    • Knight's Cross on 29 August 1943 as Oberfeldwebel and pilot in the 4./Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter"[54][55]
    • 508th Oak Leaves on 24 June 1944 as Leutnant (war officer) and pilot in the 6./Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter"[54][56]

Dates of rank
1 May 1941:Unteroffizier (subordinate officer or sergeant)[49]
1 August 1941:Feldwebel (technical sergeant)[49]
1 January 1944:Oberfeldwebel (master sergeant)[49]
1 April 1944:Leutnant (second lieutenant)[49]
1 October 1944:Oberleutnant (first lieutenant)[49]

Notes
  1. Flight training in the Luftwaffe progressed through the levels A1, A2 and B1, B2, referred to as A/B flight training. A training included theoretical and practical training in aerobatics, navigation, long-distance flights and dead-stick landings. The B courses included high-altitude flights, instrument flights, night landings and training to handle the aircraft in difficult situations.[3]
  2. According to Caldwell, Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Bock this claim is listed as Glunz's 20th aerial victory.[40][39] Matthews and Foreman list this claim as unconfirmed.[35]
  3. According to Matthews and Foreman claimed at 14:08.[35]
  4. According to Matthews and Foreman claimed at 17:45.[45]
  5. According to Caldwell, this endgültige Vernichtung (final destruction) was counted as Glunz's 38th aerial victory.[40]
  6. According to Matthews and Foreman claimed at 17:35.[45]
  7. According to Matthews and Foreman claimed at 15:40.[35]
  8. According to Matthews and Foreman claimed at 10:05.[45]
  9. According to Matthews and Foreman claimed at 13:40.[45]
  10. According to Matthews and Foreman claimed at 14:05.[45]
gollark: The old updater thing actually used to just download files directly from pastebin every time it detected a change in one of them, but pastebin started being annoying and I decided I wanted stuff like version control.
gollark: Technically yes, but why?
gollark: Sadly, no, only OpenComputers can.
gollark: CC can only really send HTTP requests, do websockets, that sort of thing.
gollark: Technically, yes, with much work, but that wouldn't give it access to more I/O.

References

Citations
  1. Stockert 2012, p. 34.
  2. Stockert 2012, p. 35.
  3. Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003, p. 17.
  4. Schumann 2017, p. 3.
  5. Prien et al. 2002, p. 147.
  6. Prien et al. 2002, p. 151.
  7. Prien et al. 2002, p. 149.
  8. Prien et al. 2002, p. 156.
  9. Prien et al. 2003a, p. 26.
  10. Prien et al. 2003a, pp. 27, 41.
  11. Prien et al. 2003a, p. 49.
  12. Caldwell 1996, p. 153.
  13. Prien et al. 2003b, p. 533.
  14. Caldwell 1996, pp. 153, 158.
  15. Caldwell 1996, p. 160.
  16. Caldwell 1996, pp. 168–169.
  17. Caldwell 1996, p. 300.
  18. Caldwell 1998, p. 14.
  19. Caldwell 1998, pp. 23−24.
  20. Caldwell 1998, pp. 39−40.
  21. Caldwell 1998, p. 144.
  22. Caldwell 1998, p. 201.
  23. Caldwell 1998, pp. 224−225.
  24. Caldwell 1998, p. 289.
  25. Hinchliffe 1999, p. 198.
  26. Spick 1996, p. 187.
  27. Spick 1996, p. 188.
  28. Caldwell 1998, pp. 408−411.
  29. Caldwell 1998, p. 445.
  30. 1950 German Formula 3 Championship, 11th June 1950 - Eifelrennen, Round 1.
  31. 1950 German Formula 3 Championship, 20th August 1950 - Großer Preis von Deutschland, Round 4.
  32. 1950 German Formula 3 Championship, Championship Standings.
  33. 1951 German Formula 3 Championship, Championship Standings.
  34. Matthews & Foreman 2015, pp. 393–394.
  35. Matthews & Foreman 2015, p. 393.
  36. Prien et al. 2003a, p. 41.
  37. Prien et al. 2004, p. 371.
  38. Prien et al. 2004, p. 372.
  39. Prien et al. 2004, p. 373.
  40. Caldwell 1998, p. 501.
  41. Prien et al. 2004, p. 375.
  42. Prien et al. 2010, p. 553.
  43. Prien et al. 2010, p. 555.
  44. Prien et al. 2010, p. 554.
  45. Matthews & Foreman 2015, p. 394.
  46. Prien et al. 2010, p. 556.
  47. Prien et al. 2010, p. 557.
  48. Caldwell 1998, p. 502.
  49. Schumann 2017, p. ii.
  50. Thomas 1998, p. 201.
  51. Patzwall 2008, p. 85.
  52. Obermaier 1989, p. 66.
  53. Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 139.
  54. Scherzer 2007, p. 337.
  55. Fellgiebel 2000, p. 197.
  56. Fellgiebel 2000, p. 84.

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