AgustaWestland AW139

The AgustaWestland AW139 is a 15-seat medium-sized twin-engined helicopter developed and built by AgustaWestland, now called Leonardo. It is marketed at several different roles, including VIP/corporate transport, offshore transport, fire fighting, law enforcement, search and rescue, emergency medical service, disaster relief, and maritime patrol.[3] In addition to AgustaWestland's manufacturing facilities in Italy and the United States, the AW139 is produced in Russia by HeliVert, a joint venture between AgustaWestland and Russian Helicopters.

AW139
An Italian Air Force HH-139 at Trident Juncture 15
Role Medium-lift SAR/utility helicopter
Manufacturer AgustaWestland
First flight 3 February 2001
Introduction 2003
Status In production
Primary users Italian Air Force
CHC Helicopter
Irish Air Corps
United Arab Emirates Air Force
Produced 2001–present
Number built 1000 as of September 2019[1]
Unit cost
$12 million (2013)[2]
Developed into AgustaWestland AW149

The AW139 was originally designed and developed jointly by Agusta and Bell Helicopters and marketed as the Agusta-Bell AB139, being redesignated AW139 when Bell withdrew from the project. Since entering service in 2003, the AW139 has become one of AgustaWestland's most influential products; it has been subsequently developed into two enlarged medium-lift helicopters, the military-orientated AW149 and the AW189 for the civil market.

Development

Origins
A corporate transport AW139

In 1997, the Italian helicopter manufacturer Agusta launched a programme to develop a replacement for the Bell Huey family of helicopters (which had been built in very large numbers by Bell Helicopter and under license by Agusta). A potential market of 900 aircraft was predicted. In 1998, Bell and Agusta entered into an agreement setting up a joint venture, Bell/Agusta Aerospace Company (BAAC), to develop two aircraft: a conventional helicopter and a tiltrotor aircraft. These became the Bell/Agusta AB139 and Bell/Agusta BA609 respectively.[4] Bell was to be the leading partner for the development of the BA609 while Agusta would be the lead partner for the AB139; it was intended for production, sales, and support to be shared.[5]

On 26 September 2000, the first order for the type was placed by Bristow Helicopters. The first preproduction helicopter flew on 3 February 2001 at Vergiate in Italy,[6][7] with two further AW139s also participating in flying trials.[8] The first production AW139 made its first flight on 24 June 2002.[9] European JAA certification was received in June 2003, and its FAA type certificate followed in December 2004. By May 2005, the AW139 had received in excess of 100 orders worldwide.[5] In the US, the type was marketed under the designation US139, and was entered into the US Army's Light Utility Helicopter competition.[10] One key market for the AW139 was the oil & gas industry, which required helicopters of increased endurance for offshore operations.[11] In 2005, AgustaWestland bought out Bell's 25% share in the program and all of its rights to the AW139 for $95 million.[12][13]

In April 2008, AgustaWestland revealed that it was in the process of certifying an increase in the AW139's max gross weight to 14,991 lb (6,800 kg) to better compete in long-range markets served by helicopters such as the larger Sikorsky S-92 and Eurocopter EC225.[14] In 2007, a second production line at the United States AgustaWestland Aerospace plant in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania was established;[15] the Philadelphia plant produced its 200th AW139 in September 2014, at which point U.S. production was intended to reach 40 units per year in the near future.[16] By 2011, AgustaWestland was producing 90 AW139s per year; 9.5% of the company's overall revenue in 2010 was attributed to the type.[15] By 2013, a combined total of 720 AW139s had been sold to over 200 operators in 60 different countries.[3]

Further development
The AW139 has a five-blade main rotor and retractable undercarriage

In 2011, a military-configured variant, the AW139M, was revealed by AgustaWestland. It was promoted at the US market, including for the U.S. Air Force's Common Vertical Lift Support Program. The AW139M is equipped with a high definition forward-looking infrared (FLIR), self-protection system, heavy-duty landing gear, and has low thermal and acoustic signatures; a significant proportion of the equipment is sourced from American manufacturers. Options offered include an external stores system including various armaments, armoured seats, self-sealing fuel tanks, and a full ice protection system for all-weather operations.[17][18]

The AW139 serves as the basis for AgustaWestland's wider business strategy, under which it aims to produce a standardised family of helicopters with common design features. The sharing of components and design philosophies is intended to simplify maintenance and training for operators; commonality also lowers the production costs. The AW139 was the first of this group, and as of 2014, it was to be joined by the larger AW149 and AW189, aimed at military and civilian customers respectively. Advances made in the development of new models are intended to be transferable onto existing family members, decreasing the cost of future upgrades for the AW139.[15][18]

In June 2010, it was announced that AgustaWestland and Rostvertol would build a manufacturing plant in Tomilino, Moscow Region, where it was initially planned to produce AW139s by 2012.[19] HeliVert, a joint venture between AgustaWestland and Rostvertol, commenced domestic production of the AW139 in 2012, at which point it was planned that between 15 and 20 helicopters would be produced per year. The first AW139 to be assembled in Russia made its first flight in December 2012.[20] In January 2013, the Russian Defense Ministry was reportedly considering placing an order for seven AW139s.[21] In January 2014, HeliVert received a Certificate of Approval from the Aviation Register of the Interstate Aviation Committee to commence production of commercial AW139s.[22] In September 2014, a certificate was granted to perform comprehensive maintenance and servicing of the type at the Tomilino facility.[23]

In 2015, AgustaWestland unveiled an AW139 variant with an increased gross weight of 7 tonnes, enabling a range of 305 km while carrying 12 passengers; existing AW139s can also be rebuilt to the newer heavy-weight model. The heavier airframe comes at the expense of decreased hot and high performance.[24] In November 2015, AgustaWestland demonstrated a 60-minute "run-dry" test (no oil) of an AW139's main gearbox, 30 minutes greater than any other certified rotorcraft at the time.[25]

Design
Instrument panel of the AW139

The AW139 is a conventional twin-engine multi-role helicopter. It has a five-bladed fully articulated main rotor with a titanium hub and composite blades and a four-bladed articulated tail rotor. It is fitted with retractable tricycle landing gear, the two aft wheels retracting into external sponsons which are also used to house emergency equipment.[5] It is flown by a crew of two pilots, with up to 15 passengers accommodated in three rows of five. The AW139 had been aimed at a vacant niche in the market, sitting below larger types such as the Eurocopter AS332 Super Puma and Sikorsky S-92, and above smaller ones like the Bell 412 and Eurocopter EC155.[5] Rotor & Wing has described the AW139's flying attitude as 'docile and predictable'.[5]

The AW139 is powered by two FADEC-controlled Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6C turboshaft engines; the FADEC system seamlessly adjusts the engines for pilot convenience and passenger comfort, and can automatically handle a single-engine failure without noticeable deviation.[26] It was constructed with maintenance requirements in mind; critical systems can be readily accessed, where possible the number of parts has been reduced, and many components have been designed for an extended lifecycle; a Health and Usage Monitoring System (HUMS) is also equipped.[27] More than a thousand customizable items of equipment can be configured per customer demand, including auxiliary fuel tanks, rescue hoists, cargo hooks, search and weather radar, ice protection systems, external cameras and searchlights, and seating arrangements.[5][28]

The AW139 features a modular glass cockpit, a commonly-installed feature being the four-axis autopilot, which enables functions such as auto-hover capability. The cockpit has been designed to enable single-pilot flight operations under instrument flight rules conditions, and it is also compatible with the use of night vision goggles.[5] Pilot training for the type is available via advanced Level D Full Flight Simulators. According to Shipping & Marine, the AW139 has "the largest cabin in its class"; containing up to 15 passengers or four litters and accompanying medics, an additional baggage compartment is used to stow equipment to keep the main cabin clear for use.[27]

Large sections of the AW139 have been developed and produced by a range of different companies. Airframes are typically produced by PZL-Świdnik, who delivered their 200th airframe in April 2014.[29] Pratt & Whitney Canada produce the type's PT6C turboshaft engines, while the primary and secondary transmissions were developed by Westland GKN and Kawasaki Heavy Industries respectively. A significant portion of the avionics are sourced from Honeywell.[8] Turkish Aerospace Industries has been subcontracted to manufacture various elements of the AW139, including the fuselage, canopy, and radome.[30] Final assembly of most AW139s is performed at AgustaWestland's facilities in Philadelphia, United States, and Vergiate, Italy;[29] those destined for customers within the Commonwealth of Independent States are typically assembled by a third final manufacturing plant in Tomilino, Moscow operated by HeliVert.[19]

Operational history
A SASEMAR AW139 during a helihoisting exercise

The Irish Air Corps was the first military operator of the type, having taken delivery of its first AW139, of a batch of six, in August 2006.[31] The United Arab Emirates Air Force and the Qatar Air Force became the second and third military operators of the AW139, having ordered 9 and 18 of the type respectively.[32] A specialised military variant, the AW139M, was later launched, for which the Italian Air Force was the launch customer.[18] Designated as HH-139A in Italian service, they are used for combat search and rescue (CSAR) operations.[33] In October 2012, the Royal Thai Army ordered a pair of AW139s; a further eight were produced in October 2015.[34]

In February 2006, Mitsui Bussan Aerospace signed a $100 million contract for 12 AW139s and an exclusive distribution agreement for the AW139 in Japan.[31] In October 2006, the Japan Coast Guard announced its selection of the AW139 as the replacement for its Bell 212 search and rescue fleet; by early 2011, 18 AW139s were on order by the Japan Coast Guard through Mitsui Bussan as the distributor, a total of 24 are expected to be ordered.[31][35] The Japanese National Police Agency placed multiple orders for the AW139; other organisations in the nation have used the type for firefighting and disaster relief operations.[36]

In the North American market, CHC Helicopter was the first operator of the type.[8] In 2012, CHC became the largest operator of the AW139 in the world, at that point operating a fleet of 44 in search and rescue, emergency medical service and offshore transport missions.[37] In 2015, responsibility for the maintenance of CHC's AW139 fleet was reorganized under their helicopter support division, Heli-One; activities include post-delivery modifications and engine overhauls.[38]

Ornge AW139 air ambulance

Qatar-based firm Gulf Helicopters has emerged as one of the largest AW139 operators worldwide, first ordering the type in 2007 for offshore transport duties; it has since become an authorized service center and training center for the AW139.[39] Malaysian operator Weststar Aviation has the distinction of being the biggest operator of the AW139 in the Asia Pacific; as of February 2014, the company has ordered a total of 34 helicopters.[40] Since taking delivery of their first AW139 in December 2010, Weststar has typically employed the type in support of offshore oil and gas operations.[41]

In July 2014, AgustaWestland announce that the global fleet had accumulated in excess of one million flight hours; by this milestone, a total of 770 AW139s had been produced.[28]

On 24 May 2016, AugustaWestland parent Leonardo-Finmeccanica announced that Pakistan had signed a contract for an undisclosed number of AW139s as part of a fleet renewal programme spread over several batches, including a logistic support and training package. The AW139s, deliveries of which are expected in 2017, will be used to perform search-and-rescue (SAR) operations across the country. A total of 11 AW139s are already in service in Pakistan, with five aircraft operated for government relief and transportation duties.[42]

On 24 September 2018, the United States Air Force announced that the MH-139 (an AW139 variant) had won a competition to replace the Air Force's Vietnam-era UH-1Ns. The Air Force is to buy up to 84 MH-139s, with deliveries to start in fiscal year 2021.[43] The Air Force received the first MH-139A Grey Wolf at Eglin Air Force Base on 19 December 2019.[44]

Variants
AB139
Original Italian-built production aircraft, 54 built.[45]
AW139
Designation change from 55th aircraft onwards, built in Italy.[45]
AW139 (long nose configuration)
Long nose variant with increased room for avionics built in Italy and the United States.[45]
AW139M
Militarised variant, capable of carrying various weapons payloads.[46]
HH-139A
Italian Air Force designation for ten search-and rescue configured AW139Ms.[47]
VH-139A
Italian Air Force designation for two VIP configured AW139s.[48]
US139
Military variant, was the AgustaWestland proposed entry for the US Army Light Utility Helicopter programme in partnership with L-3 Communications.[49]
MH-139 Grey Wolf
Military variant from Boeing in partnership with Leonardo.[50][51] It was selected by the US Air Force to replace the service's UH-1N fleet with the first four MH-139As to be delivered in 2021.[52][53] The USAF accepted its first MH-139 on 19 December 2019 and named it "Grey Wolf".[54]

Operators

The AW139 is popular for all types of operators both commercial and private.

Military operators
Cypriot AW139 departs the USS Stout
 Algeria
 Australia
 Bangladesh
 Cyprus
 Egypt
 Ivory Coast
  • Ivory Coast Air Force[57]
 Ireland
 Italy
 Kenya
 Lebanon
 Libya
A Maltese Air Wing AW139
 Malta
   Nepal
 Nigeria
 Pakistan
 Panama
 Qatar
  • Qatar Emiri Air Force[55]
 Senegal
 Thailand
Irish Air Corps AW139
 Trinidad and Tobago
  • Trinidad & Tobago Air Guard[55]
 Turkmenistan
 United Arab Emirates
 United States

Government operators
 Abu Dhabi
 Algeria
 Australia
An AW139 from the Victoria Police
 Brazil
  • Brazilian Federal Police[74]
 Bulgaria
 Chile
An AW139 from the Dutch Caribbean Coast Guard
 China
 Croatia
 Cyprus
 Estonia
 Indonesia
 Italy
 Japan
A Los Angeles City Fire Department AW139 taking off
 Kenya
 Lebanon
 Malaysia
 Netherlands
 Oman
 Spain
  • Spanish Maritime Safety Agency[97]
 Sweden
An AW139 with the Japan Coast Guard
 United Kingdom
 United States

Notable accidents
  • On 19 August 2011, a Petrobras operated AW139 crashed in the sea at the Campos Basin in Brazil after taking off from an offshore oil platform, killing all four people on board.[104]
  • On 13 March 2014, Haughey Air AW139 (registration G-LBAL) crashed shortly after takeoff from Gillingham, Norfolk, United Kingdom, killing all four people on board.[105]
  • On 29 December 2018, a United Arab Emirates emergency medical services AgustaWestland AW139 on a mission to lift an injured person clipped the world's longest zip line and crashed in Jebel Jais, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates, killing all four crew members.[106]
  • On 2 February 2019, an AW139 operated by Caverton Helicopters carrying Nigeria's Vice president Yemi Osinbajo crash-landed in Kabba, Kogi State. Though there were no casualties, the closeness of the crash to the 2019 presidential election fueled speculation of possible foul play, but Caverton attributed the crash to bad weather.[107]
  • On 4 July 2019, seven people died when AW139 N32CC crashed off of a small Bahamian island at 2 am. The helicopter was found underwater hours later, about a mile offshore. A billionaire coal baron from Beckley, West Virginia, Chris Cline, his daughter Kameron and five others were onboard headed to Florida due to a medical emergency involving one of the passengers. The investigation is ongoing.[108]
  • On 1 February 2020, a Fukushima prefectural police helicopter crashed in a rice field in the city of Koriyama, in northeast Japan. 7 of the crew were hurt, including three police officers, two technicians, and two medical workers. The helicopter was carrying a heart for transplant surgery to the University of Tokyo Hospital. The transplant operation was cancelled due to heart being unable to be recovered in time for a successful transplant. The Fukushima meteorological office issued a strong winds warning to Koriyama at the time of the accident. On impact, the tail and main rotor blades snapped off. Investigation is ongoing.[109]

Specifications (AW139)
Drawing lines
Guardia Costiera AW139 with engine doors, main gearbox sliding fairing and nose cowling opened

Data from AgustaWestland,[110] EASA,[45] Gajetti and Maggiore[111]

General characteristics

  • Crew: one or two
  • Capacity: 15 passengers
  • Length: 16.66 m (54 ft 8 in)
  • Width: 2.26 m (10 ft 0 in)
  • Height: 4.98 m (16 ft 4 in)
  • Gross weight: 6,400 kg (14,110 lb) ; 7,000 kg (15,000 lb) for 7 t version
  • Fuel capacity: 1568 liter (414 USgal)
  • Powerplant: 2 × Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6C-67C turboshaft engine , 1,142 kW (1,531 hp) each
  • Main rotor diameter: 13.80 m (45 ft 3 in)

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 310 km/h (193 mph, 167 kn)
  • Cruise speed: 306 km/h (191 mph, 165 kn)
  • Range: 1,061 km (659 mi, 573 nmi)
  • Endurance: 5 hours 13 minutes
  • Service ceiling: 6,096 m (20,000 ft)
  • Rate of climb: 10.9 m/s (2,140 ft/min)

Armament

  • 2 x 7.62 mm FN MAG machine guns mounted in side windows (Irish Air Corps)
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gollark: Ye'ep.
gollark: They say it's insecure.
gollark: We're arguing about IRC.
gollark: _searches past chat for "IRC"_

See also
External video
AW139 performing an sea rescue exercise in Valencia, 2013
Documentary - Megafactories AgustaWestland AW139 Manufacturing
AW139 lifting a sports car

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

Related lists

  • List of helicopters

References

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Bibliography
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  • Jackson, Paul. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 2003–2004. Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Defence Data, 2003. ISBN 0-7106-2537-5.
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