9th Canadian Parliament

The 9th Canadian Parliament was in session from February 6, 1901, until September 29, 1904. The membership was set by the 1900 federal election on November 7, 1900. It was dissolved prior to the 1904 election.

The initial seat distribution of the 9th Canadian Parliament

Sir Wilfrid Laurier was Prime Minister during the 9th Canadian Parliament.

It was controlled by a Liberal Party majority under Prime Minister Sir Wilfrid Laurier and the 8th Canadian Ministry. The Official Opposition was the Conservative/Liberal-Conservative, led by Robert Borden.

The Speaker was first Louis Philippe Brodeur, and later Napoléon Antoine Belcourt. See also List of Canadian electoral districts 1892-1903 for a list of the ridings in this parliament.

There were four sessions of the 9th Parliament:

Session	Start	End
1st	February 6, 1901	May 23, 1901
2nd	February 13, 1902	May 15, 1902
3rd	March 12, 1903	October 24, 1903
4th	March 10, 1904	August 10, 1904

List of members

Following is a full list of members of the ninth Parliament listed first by province, then by electoral district.

Electoral districts denoted by an asterisk (*) indicates that district was represented by two members.

British Columbia

Electoral district		Name	Party
Burrard		George Ritchie Maxwell (died 17 November 1902)	Liberal
		Robert George Macpherson (by-election of 1903-02-04)	Liberal
New Westminster		Aulay MacAulay Morrison	Liberal
Vancouver		Ralph Smith	Liberal
Victoria*		Thomas Earle	Conservative
		Edward Gawler Prior (until voided 2 December 1901)	Conservative
		George Riley (by-election of 1902-01-28)	Liberal
Yale—Cariboo		William Alfred Galliher	Liberal

Manitoba

Electoral district		Name	Party
Brandon		Clifford Sifton	Liberal
Lisgar		Robert Lorne Richardson (until election voided 20 July 1901)	Independent
		Duncan Alexander Stewart (by-election of 1902-02-18)	Liberal
Macdonald		Nathaniel Boyd	Conservative
Marquette		William James Roche	Conservative
Provencher		Alphonse Alfred Clément Larivière	Conservative
Selkirk		William McCreary	Liberal
Winnipeg		Arthur Puttee	Independent Labour

New Brunswick

Electoral district		Name	Party
Albert		William James Lewis	Liberal
Carleton		Frederick Harding Hale	Liberal-Conservative
Charlotte		Gilbert White Ganong	Liberal-Conservative
City and County of St. John		Joseph John Tucker	Liberal
City of St. John		Andrew George Blair (resigned 27 December 1903)	Liberal
		John Waterhouse Daniel (by-election of 1904-02-16)	Conservative
Gloucester		Onésiphore Turgeon	Liberal
Kent		Olivier J. Leblanc	Liberal
King's		George William Fowler	Conservative
Northumberland		James Robinson	Conservative
Restigouche		James Reid	Liberal
Sunbury—Queen's		Robert Duncan Wilmot	Conservative
Victoria		John Costigan	Liberal-Conservative
Westmorland		Henry Robert Emmerson (until ministerial appointment)	Liberal
		Henry Robert Emmerson (by-election of 1904-01-30)	Liberal
York		Alexander Gibson (until election voided 11 June 1901)	Liberal
		Alexander Gibson (by-election of 1901-12-28)	Liberal

Northwest Territories

Electoral district		Name	Party
Alberta (Provisional District)		Frank Oliver	Liberal
Assiniboia East		James Moffat Douglas	Liberal
Assiniboia West		Thomas Walter Scott	Liberal
Saskatchewan (Provisional District)		Thomas Osborne Davis	Liberal

Nova Scotia

Electoral district		Name	Party
Annapolis		Fletcher Bath Wade	Liberal
Antigonish		Colin Francis McIsaac	Liberal
Cape Breton*		Alexander Johnston	Liberal
		Arthur Samuel Kendall	Liberal
Colchester		Seymour Eugene Gourley	Conservative
Cumberland		Hance James Logan	Liberal
Digby		Albert James Smith Copp	Liberal
Guysborough		Duncan Cameron Fraser (until 10 February 1904 judicial appointment)	Liberal
		John Howard Sinclair (by-election of 1904-03-16)	Liberal
Halifax*		Robert Laird Borden	Conservative
		William Roche	Liberal
Hants		Benjamin Russell	Liberal
Inverness		Angus MacLennan	Liberal
Kings		Frederick William Borden	Liberal
Lunenburg		Charles Edwin Kaulbach	Conservative
Pictou*		Adam Carr Bell	Conservative
		Charles Hibbert Tupper	Conservative
Richmond		Joseph Matheson	Liberal
Shelburne and Queen's		William Stevens Fielding	Liberal
Victoria		William Ross	Liberal
Yarmouth		Thomas Barnard Flint (until 11 November 1902 House of Commons Clerk appointment)	Liberal
		Bowman Brown Law (by-election of 1902-12-03)	Liberal

Ontario

Electoral district		Name	Party
Addington		John William Bell (died 5 July 1901)	Conservative
		Melzar Avery (by-election of 1902-01-15)	Conservative
Algoma		Albert Edward Dyment	Liberal
Bothwell		James Clancy	Conservative
Brant South		Charles Bernhard Heyd	Liberal
Brockville		John Culbert	Conservative
Bruce East		Henry Cargill (died 1 October 1903)	Conservative
		James J. Donnelly (by-election of 1904-02-16)	Conservative
Bruce North		Alexander McNeill (until election voided 2 December 1901)	Liberal-Conservative
		James Halliday (by-election of 1901-03-20)	Conservative
Bruce West		John Tolmie	Liberal
Cardwell		Robert Johnston	Conservative
Carleton		Edward Kidd	Conservative
Cornwall and Stormont		Robert Abercrombie Pringle	Conservative
Dundas		Andrew Broder	Conservative
Durham East		Henry Alfred Ward	Conservative
Durham West		Charles Jonas Thornton (until election voided 6 October 1901)	Conservative
		Robert Beith (by-election of 1902-01-15)	Liberal
Elgin East		Andrew B. Ingram	Liberal-Conservative
Elgin West		Jabel Robinson	Independent
Essex North		Robert Franklin Sutherland	Liberal
Essex South		Mahlon K. Cowan	Liberal
Frontenac		Hiram Augustus Calvin	Conservative
Glengarry		Jacob Thomas Schell	Liberal
Grenville South		John Dowsley Reid	Conservative
Grey East		Thomas Simpson Sproule	Conservative
Grey North		Edward Henry Horsey (died 23 July 1902)	Liberal
		Thomas Inkerman Thomson (by-election of 1903-02-24)	Conservative
Grey South		Matthew Kendal Richardson	Liberal-Conservative
Haldimand and Monck		Andrew Thorburn Thompson	Liberal
Halton		David Henderson	Conservative
Hamilton*		Francis Carmichael Bruce	Conservative
		Samuel Barker	Conservative
Hastings East		William Barton Northrup	Conservative
Hastings North		Alexander Augustus Williamson Carscallen	Conservative
Hastings West		Henry Corby (resigned 28 February 1901)	Conservative
		Edward Guss Porter (by-election of 1902-01-15)	Conservative
Huron East		Peter Macdonald	Liberal
Huron South		George McEwen	Liberal
Huron West		Robert Holmes	Liberal
Kent		George Stephens	Liberal
Kingston		Byron Moffatt Britton	Liberal
		William Harty (by-election of 1902-01-15)	Liberal
Lambton East		Oliver Simmons (died 11 November 1903)	Conservative
		Joseph Elijah Armstrong (by-election of 1904-02-16)	Conservative
Lambton West		Thomas George Johnston	Liberal
Lanark North		Bennett Rosamond	Conservative
Lanark South		John Graham Haggart	Conservative
Leeds North and Grenville North		John Reeve Lavell	Conservative
Leeds South		George Taylor	Conservative
Lennox		Uriah Wilson	Conservative
Lincoln and Niagara		Edward Arthur Lancaster	Conservative
London		Charles Smith Hyman	Liberal
Middlesex East		James Gilmour (politician)	Conservative
Middlesex North		John Sherritt	Conservative
Middlesex South		Malcolm McGugan	Liberal
Middlesex West		William Samuel Calvert	Liberal
Muskoka and Parry Sound		George McCormick	Liberal-Conservative
Nipissing		Charles Arthur McCool	Liberal
Norfolk North		John Charlton	Liberal
Norfolk South		David Tisdale	Conservative
Northumberland East		Edward Cochrane	Conservative
Northumberland West		John B. McColl	Liberal
Ontario North		Angus McLeod (died in office)	Liberal-Conservative
		George Davidson Grant (by-election of 1903-03-10)	Liberal
Ontario South		William Ross	Liberal
Ontario West		Isaac James Gould	Liberal
Ottawa (City of)*		Napoléon Antoine Belcourt	Liberal
		Thomas Birkett	Conservative
Oxford North		James Sutherland (until ministerial appointment)	Liberal
		James Sutherland (by-election of 1902-01-29)	Liberal
Oxford South		Richard John Cartwright	Liberal
Peel		Richard Blain	Conservative
Perth North		Alexander Ferguson Maclaren	Conservative
Perth South		Dilman Kinsey Erb	Liberal
Peterborough East		John Lang	Independent Liberal
Peterborough West		James Kendry	Conservative
Prescott		Isidore Proulx	Liberal
Prince Edward		George Oscar Alcorn	Conservative
Renfrew North		Thomas Mackie	Liberal
Renfrew South		Aaron Abel Wright	Liberal
Russell		William Cameron Edwards (until Senate appointment)	Liberal
		David Wardrope Wallace (by-election of 1903-04-20)	Liberal
Simcoe East		William Humphrey Bennett	Conservative
Simcoe North		Leighton Goldie McCarthy	Independent
Simcoe South		Haughton Lennox	Conservative
Toronto Centre		William Rees Brock	Conservative
Toronto East		Albert Edward Kemp	Conservative
Victoria North		Samuel Hughes	Liberal-Conservative
Victoria South		Adam Edward Vrooman	Conservative
Waterloo North		Joseph Emm Seagram	Conservative
Waterloo South		George Adam Clare	Conservative
Welland		William Manly German	Liberal
Wellington Centre		John McGowan	Liberal-Conservative
Wellington North		Edwin Tolton	Conservative
Wellington South		Hugh Guthrie	Liberal
Wentworth North and Brant		William Paterson	Liberal
Wentworth South		Ernest D'Israeli Smith	Conservative
West Toronto*		Edmund Boyd Osler	Conservative
		Edward Frederick Clarke	Conservative
York East		William Findlay Maclean	Independent Conservative
York North		William Mulock	Liberal
York West		Nathaniel Clarke Wallace	Conservative
		Archibald Campbell (by-election of 1902-01-15)	Liberal

Prince Edward Island

Electoral district		Name	Party
East Prince		Alfred Alexander Lefurgey	Conservative
East Queen's		Donald Alexander Mackinnon (until election voided 11 February 1901)	Liberal
		Donald Alexander Mackinnon (by-election of 1901-03-20)	Liberal
King's		James Joseph Hughes	Liberal
West Prince		Edward Hackett	Liberal-Conservative
West Queen's		Louis Henry Davies (until 25 September 1901 judicial appointment)	Liberal
		Donald Farquharson (by-election of 1902-01-15, died 26 June 1903)	Liberal
		Horace Haszard (by-election of 1904-02-16)	Liberal

Quebec

Electoral district		Name	Party
Argenteuil		Thomas Christie (died in office)	Liberal
		Thomas Christie, Jr. (by-election of 1902-12-03)	Liberal
Bagot		Joseph Edmond Marcile	Liberal
Beauce		Joseph Godbout (until Senate appointment)	Liberal
		Henri Sévérin Béland (by-election of 1902-01-08)	Liberal
Beauharnois		George di Madeiros Loy (until election voided)	Liberal
		George di Madeiros Loy (by-election of 1902-03-26)	Liberal
Bellechasse		Onésiphore Ernest Talbot	Liberal
Berthier		Joseph Éloi Archambault	Liberal
Bonaventure		Charles Marcil	Liberal
Brome		Sydney Arthur Fisher	Liberal
Chambly—Verchères		Victor Geoffrion	Liberal
Champlain		Jeffrey Alexandre Rousseau	Liberal
Charlevoix		Louis Charles Alphonse Angers	Liberal
Châteauguay		James Pollock Brown	Liberal
Chicoutimi—Saguenay		Joseph Girard	Conservative
Compton		Rufus Henry Pope	Conservative
Dorchester		Jean-Baptiste Morin	Conservative
Drummond—Arthabaska		Louis Lavergne	Liberal
Gaspé		Rodolphe Lemieux (until 29 January 1904 Solicitor General appointment)	Liberal
		Rodolphe Lemieux (by-election of 1904-02-20)	Liberal
Hochelaga		Joseph Alexandre Camille Madore (until December 1903 judicial appointment)	Liberal
		Louis Alfred Adhémar Rivet (by-election of 1904-02-16)	Liberal
Huntingdon		William Scott Maclaren	Liberal
Jacques Cartier		Frederick Debartzch Monk	Conservative
Joliette		Charles Bazinet	Liberal
Kamouraska		Henry George Carroll (until 10 February 1902 Solicitor General appointment)	Liberal
		Henry George Carroll (by-election of 1902-02-28, until 29 January 1904 judicial appointment)	Liberal
		Ernest Lapointe (by-election of 1904-02-12)	Liberal
Labelle		Joseph Henri Napoléon Bourassa	Liberal
Laprairie—Napierville		Dominique Monet	Liberal
L'Assomption		Romuald-Charlemagne Laurier	Liberal
Laval		Thomas Fortin (until 25 September 1901 judicial appointment)	Liberal
		Joseph-Édouard-Émile Léonard (by-election of 1902-01-15)	Conservative
Lévis		Louis Julien Demers	Liberal
L'Islet		Alphonse Arthur Miville Déchêne (until 13 May 1901 Senate appointment)	Liberal
		Onésiphore Carbonneau (by-election of 1902-01-15)	Liberal
Lotbinière		Edmond Fortier	Liberal
Maisonneuve		Joseph Raymond Fournier Préfontaine (until 11 November 1902 ministerial appointment)	Liberal
		Joseph Raymond Fournier Préfontaine (by-election of 1902-12-09)	Liberal
Maskinongé		Joseph Hormidas Legris (until 10 February 1903 Senate appointment)	Liberal
		Hormidas Mayrand (by-election of 1903-03-03)	Liberal
Mégantic		Georges Turcot	Liberal
Missisquoi		Daniel Bishop Meigs	Liberal
Montcalm		François Octave Dugas	Liberal
Montmagny		Pierre-Raymond-Léonard Martineau (died 31 August 1903)	Liberal
		Armand Renaud Lavergne (by-election of 1904-02-16)	Liberal
Montmorency		Thomas Chase Casgrain	Conservative
Nicolet		Georges Ball	Conservative
Pontiac		Thomas Murray	Liberal
Portneuf		Michel-Siméon Delisle	Liberal
Quebec-Centre		Arthur Cyrille Albert Malouin	Liberal
Quebec County		Charles Fitzpatrick	Liberal
Quebec East		Wilfrid Laurier	Liberal
Quebec West		Richard Reid Dobell (died 11 January 1902)	Liberal
		William Power (by-election of 1902-01-29)	Liberal
Richelieu		Arthur Aimé Bruneau	Liberal
Richmond—Wolfe		Edmund William Tobin	Liberal
Rimouski		Jean Auguste Ross	Liberal
Rouville		Louis Philippe Brodeur (until 19 January 1904 ministerial appointment)	Liberal
		Louis Philippe Brodeur (by-election of 1904-01-30)	Liberal
St. Anne		Daniel Gallery	Liberal
St. Antoine		Thomas George Roddick	Conservative
St. Hyacinthe		Michel Esdras Bernier (until 19 January 1904 Railway Commissioner appointment)	Liberal
		Jean Baptiste Blanchet (by-election of 1904-02-16)	Liberal
St. James		Odilon Desmarais (until 25 June 1901 judicial appointment)	Liberal
		Joseph Brunet (by-election of 1902-01-15, until election voided 22 December 1902)	Liberal
		Honoré Hippolyte Achille Gervais (by-election of 1904-02-16)	Liberal
St. Johns—Iberville		Louis Philippe Demers	Liberal
St. Lawrence		Robert Bickerdike	Liberal
St. Mary		Joseph Israël Tarte	Liberal
Shefford		Charles Henry Parmelee	Liberal
Sherbrooke (Town of)		John McIntosh	Conservative
Soulanges		Augustin Bourbonnais	Liberal
Stanstead		Henry Lovell	Liberal
Témiscouata		Charles Arthur Gauvreau	Liberal
Terrebonne		Raymond Préfontaine (until 11 November 1902 ministerial appointment)	Liberal
		Samuel Desjardins (by-election of 1903-02-24)	Liberal
Three Rivers and St. Maurice		Jacques Bureau	Liberal
Two Mountains		Joseph Arthur Calixte Éthier (until election voided 6 August 1902)	Liberal
		Joseph Arthur Calixte Éthier (by-election of 1903-02-24)	Liberal
Vaudreuil		Henry Stanislas Harwood	Liberal
Wright		Louis Napoléon Champagne	Liberal
Yamaska		Roch Moïse Samuel Mignault	Liberal

Yukon

Electoral district		Name	Party
Yukon		James Hamilton Ross (by-election of 1902-12-02)	Liberal

By-elections

Main article: By-elections to the 9th Canadian Parliament

By-election	Date	Incumbent	Party		Winner	Party		Cause	Retained
Guysborough	March 16, 1904	Duncan Cameron Fraser		Liberal	John Howard Sinclair		Liberal	Appointed to Supreme Court of Nova Scotia	Yes
Gaspé	February 20, 1904	Rodolphe Lemieux		Liberal	Rodolphe Lemieux		Liberal	Recontested upon appointment as Solicitor-General	Yes
Lambton East	February 16, 1904	Oliver Simmons		Conservative	Joseph Elijah Armstrong		Conservative	Death	Yes
St. Hyacinthe	February 16, 1904	Michel Esdras Bernier		Liberal	Jean Baptiste Blanchet		Liberal	Appointed a Railway Commissioner	Yes
City of St. John	February 16, 1904	Andrew George Blair		Liberal	John Waterhouse Daniel		Conservative	Appointed head of the Board of Railway Commissioners	No
Bruce East	February 16, 1904	Henry Cargill		Conservative	James J. Donnelly		Conservative	Death	Yes
St. James	February 16, 1904	Joseph Brunet		Liberal	Honoré Hippolyte Achille Gervais		Liberal	Election declared void	Yes
West Queen's	February 16, 1904	Donald Farquharson		Liberal	Horace Haszard		Liberal	Death	Yes
Montmagny	February 16, 1904	Pierre-Raymond-Léonard Martineau		Liberal	Armand Lavergne		Liberal	Death	Yes
Hochelaga	February 16, 1904	Joseph Alexandre Camille Madore		Liberal	Louis-Alfred-Adhémar Rivet		Liberal	Appointed Puisne Judge of the Supreme Court of Quebec	Yes
Kamouraska	February 12, 1904	Henry George Carroll		Liberal	Ernest Lapointe		Liberal	Appointed a judge	Yes
Rouville	January 30, 1904	Louis-Philippe Brodeur		Liberal	Louis-Philippe Brodeur		Liberal	Recontested upon appointment as Minister of Inland Revenue	Yes
Westmorland	January 30, 1904	Henry R. Emmerson		Liberal	Henry R. Emmerson		Liberal	Recontested upon appointment as Minister of Railways and Canals	Yes
Russell	April 20, 1903	William C. Edwards		Liberal	David Wardrope Wallace		Liberal	Called to Senate	Yes
Ontario North	March 10, 1903	Angus McLeod		Liberal-Conservative	George Davidson Grant		Liberal	Death	No
Maskinongé	March 3, 1903	Joseph-Hormisdas Legris		Liberal	Hormidas Mayrand		Liberal	Called to Senate	Yes
Terrebonne	February 24, 1903	Raymond Préfontaine		Liberal	Samuel Desjardins		Liberal	Recontested upon ministerial appointment. Préfontaine was elected in two ridings simultaneously and chose to stand for re-election in Maisonneuve	Yes
Two Mountains	February 24, 1903	Joseph Arthur Calixte Éthier		Liberal	Joseph Arthur Calixte Éthier		Liberal	Election declared void	Yes
Grey North	February 24, 1903	Edward Henry Horsey		Liberal	Thomas Inkerman Thomson		Conservative	Death	No
Burrard	February 4, 1903	George Ritchie Maxwell		Liberal	Robert George Macpherson		Liberal	Death	Yes
Maisonneuve	December 9, 1902	Raymond Préfontaine		Liberal	Raymond Préfontaine		Liberal	Recontested upon appointment as Minister of Marine and Fisheries	Yes
Argenteuil	December 3, 1902	Thomas Christie		Liberal	Thomas Christie, Jr.		Liberal	Death	Yes
Yarmouth	December 3, 1902	Thomas Barnard Flint		Liberal	Bowman Brown Law		Liberal	Appointed Clerk of the House of Commons	Yes
Yukon	December 2, 1902	New Seat			James Hamilton Ross		Liberal	Newly created electoral district under The Yukon Territory Representation Act 1902	N.A.
Beauharnois	March 26, 1902	George di Madeiros Loy		Liberal	George di Madeiros Loy		Liberal	Election declared void	Yes
Kamouraska	February 28, 1902	Henry George Carroll		Liberal	Henry George Carroll		Liberal	Recontested upon appointment as Solicitor General	Yes
Lisgar	February 18, 1902	Robert Lorne Richardson		Independent	Duncan Alexander Stewart		Liberal	Election declared void	No
Quebec West	January 29, 1902	Richard Reid Dobell		Liberal	William Power		Liberal	Death	Yes
Oxford North	January 29, 1902	James Sutherland		Liberal	James Sutherland		Liberal	Recontested upon appointment as Minister of Marine and Fisheries	Yes
Victoria	January 28, 1902	Edward Gawler Prior		Conservative	George Riley		Liberal	Election declared void	No
Laval	January 15, 1902	Thomas Fortin		Liberal	Joseph-Édouard-Émile Léonard		Conservative	Appointed a judge of the Superior Court of Quebec	No
Addington	January 15, 1902	John W. Bell		Conservative	Melzar Avery		Conservative	Death	Yes
Durham West	January 15, 1902	Charles Jonas Thornton		Liberal	Robert Beith		Conservative	Election declared void.	No
St. James	January 15, 1902	Odilon Desmarais		Liberal	Joseph-Édouard-Émile Léonard		Liberal	Appointed a judge of the Superior Court of Quebec	Yes
York West	January 15, 1902	Nathaniel Clarke Wallace		Conservative	Archibald Campbell		Liberal	Death	No
L'Islet	January 15, 1902	Arthur Miville Déchêne		Liberal	Onésiphore Carbonneau		Liberal	Called to the Senate	Yes
West Queen's	January 15, 1902	Louis Henry Davies		Liberal	Donald Farquharson		Liberal	Appointed a justice of the Supreme Court of Canada	Yes
Kingston	January 15, 1902	Byron Moffatt Britton		Liberal	William Harty		Liberal	Appointed a judge of the Court of King's Bench for Ontario	Yes
Hastings West	January 15, 1902	Henry Corby		Conservative	Edward Guss Porter		Conservative	Resignation	Yes
Beauce	January 8, 1902	Joseph Godbout		Liberal	Henri Sévérin Béland		Liberal	Called to the Senate	Yes
York	December 28, 1901	Alexander Gibson		Liberal	Alexander Gibson		Liberal	Election declared void	Yes
East Queen's	March 20, 1901	Donald Alexander MacKinnon		Liberal	Donald Alexander MacKinnon		Liberal	Election declared void	Yes
Bruce North	March 20, 1901	Alexander McNeill		Liberal-Conservative	James Halliday		Conservative	Election declared void	Yes

References

• Government of Canada. "8th Ministry". Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation. Privy Council Office. Retrieved 2006-11-09.
• Government of Canada. "9th Parliament". Members of the House of Commons: 1867 to Date: By Parliament. Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 2006-12-20. Retrieved 2006-11-30.
• Government of Canada. "Duration of Sessions". Library of Parliament. Retrieved 2006-05-12.
• Government of Canada. "General Elections". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 2006-05-04. Retrieved 2006-05-12.
• Government of Canada. "Key Dates for each Parliament". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 2005-09-14. Retrieved 2006-05-12.
• Government of Canada. "Leaders of the Opposition in the House of Commons". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 2007-03-11. Retrieved 2006-05-12.
• Government of Canada. "Prime Ministers of Canada". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 27 April 2006. Retrieved 2006-05-12.
• Government of Canada. "Speakers". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 2006-09-17. Retrieved 2006-05-12.