5th Dragoon Guards

The 5th (Princess Charlotte of Wales's) Dragoon Guards was a British army cavalry regiment, officially formed in January 1686 as Shrewsbury's Regiment of Horse. Following a number of name changes, it became the 5th (Princess Charlotte of Wales's) Regiment of Dragoon Guards in 1804.

5th Dragoon Guards (Princess Charlotte of Wales's)
Badge of the 5th Dragoon Guards
Active1685-1922
Disbanded1922
Country England (1685–1697)
 Ireland (1698–1800)
 United Kingdom (1801–1922)
BranchArmy
TypeCavalry of the Line
RoleHeavy Cavalry
Size1 battalion
Nickname(s)The Green Horse[1]
Motto(s)Vestigia nulla restorsum (Latin - We do not retreat)
March(Quick) The Gay Cavalier
(Slow) Soldier's chorus from Gounod's Faust
AnniversariesSalamanca Day
EngagementsThe Boyne 1690 Blenheim 1704 Ramillies 1706 Malplaquet 1709 Salamanca 1812 Balaclava 1854
Battle honoursBlenheim, Ramillies, Oudenarde, Malplaquet, Beaumont, Salamanca, Vittoria, Toulouse, Peninsula, Balaklava, Sevastopol, Defence of Ladysmith, South Africa 1899-1902; France and Flanders 1914-18 [lower-alpha 1][2]
Commanders
Notable
commanders		1st Earl Cadogan
7th Earl of Cardigan

In 1922, it was amalgamated with The Inniskillings (6th Dragoons) to form the 5th/6th Dragoons. Its history and traditions continue today in the Royal Dragoon Guards, a light reconnaissance unit of the British Army.[3]

History
5th Dragoon Guards at Vinegar Hill, 1798

On 1 January 1686, several independent troops of horse raised in response to the 1685 Monmouth Rebellion were formed into the Earl of Shrewsbury's Regiment of Horse.[4] After the 1688 Glorious Revolution, it served in the Williamite War in Ireland, including the Battle of the Boyne and the First Siege of Limerick.[5] When the Nine Years' War ended in 1697, the regiment escaped disbandment by being made part of the Irish military establishment, where it remained until the creation of the United Kingdom in 1801.[6]

During the War of the Spanish Succession, the unit was commanded by William Cadogan, close aide to the Duke of Marlborough. It was engaged in many of Marlborough's battles and sieges, including Blenheim, Ramillies and Malplaquet; after the Peace of Utrecht in 1713, it resumed garrison duties in Ireland, where it spent most of the next 80 years.[7]

Le Marchant's charge at Salamanca, July 1812; 5th dragoons right foreground

Renamed Second Irish Horse in 1746, it then became 5th Regiment of Dragoon Guards in 1788.[2] On the outbreak of the French Revolutionary Warsin 1793, it was posted to Flanders where it fought at the April 1794 Battle of Beaumont.[6] The unit returned to Ireland and helped suppress the 1798 Irish Rebellion, including the battles of Arklow, Vinegar Hill and Ballinamuck.[5] In 1804, it was retitled 5th (Princess Charlotte of Wales's) Regiment of Dragoon Guards after Princess Charlotte, later simplified to 5th (Princess Charlotte of Wales's) Dragoon Guards.[2]

Michael MacNamara, who took part in the 1854 Charge of the Heavy Brigade; photographed ca 1856

Posted to Spain in 1810, it was part of Le Marchant's brigade during the Peninsular campaign. The Battle of Salamanca in July 1812 is considered one of Wellington's greatest victories and Le Marchant's attack as the 'single most destructive charge made by a brigade of cavalry in the whole Napoleonic period.'[8] The regiment celebrated 'Salamanca Day' until its dissolution in 1922; the tradition continues among several units of the modern British army.[9]

Redesignated heavy cavalry, it was sent to the Crimean War in 1853 and fought in the October 1854 Battle of Balaclava.[5] The Charge of the Heavy Brigade was a famous action but casualties were relatively light; the Brigade as a whole lost 92 dead and wounded in total, 15 of whom came from the 5th Dragoon Guards.[10] A small detachment joined the 1885 Nile Expedition in 1885 but its next serious action was during the 1899-1902 Second Boer War, when it fought at the battles of Elandslaagte and Ladysmith.[11]

During the 1914-1918 War, it formed part of the British Expeditionary Force that landed in France in August 1914.[12] Retitled 5th Dragoon Guards (Princess Charlotte of Wales's) in 1921, the following year it was amalgamated with the Inniskillings (6th Dragoons), to form 5th/6th Dragoons.[2]

Regimental museum

The regimental collection is held in the Cheshire Military Museum at Chester Castle.[13][14]

List of Colonels

The colonels of the regiment were as follows:[2]

1686 Named after Colonel eg Shrewsbury's Horse

1746 2nd Irish Horse[19]

1788 5th Regiment of Dragoon Guards

1804 5th (the Princess Charlotte of Wales's) Regiment of Dragoon Guards

1823 5th (Princess Charlotte of Wales's) Dragoon Guards
  • 1831: Gen. Sir John Slade; died aged 97 in 1859 and served in the Peninsular War, where contemporaries described him as 'that damned stupid fellow.'[21]
  • 1859: Lt-Gen. James Brudenell, 7th Earl of Cardigan; commanded the Light Brigade in the Crimean War;
  • 1860: Gen. Hon. Sir James Scarlett; acted as CO of the regiment from 1840, led the Charge of the Heavy Brigade at Balaclava;
  • 1871: Gen. Richard Parker;
  • 1885: Gen. Sir Thomas Westropp McMahon
  • 1892: Lt-Gen. Somerset Gough-Calthorpe, 7th Baron Calthorpe
  • 1912: Maj-Gen. Richard Temple Godman
  • 1912: Maj-Gen. William Edward Marsland
  • 1920: Lt-Gen. Sir George Tom Molesworth Bridges
  • 1922: Regiment amalgamated with The Inniskillings (6th Dragoons) to form the 5th/6th Dragoons
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See also

Notes
  1. Mons, Le Cateau, Retreat from Mons, Marne 1914, Aisne 1914, La Bassée 1914, Messines 1914, Armentières 1914, Ypres 1914 '15, Frezenberg, Bellewaarde, Somme 1916 '18, Flers-Courcelette, Arras 1917, Scarpe 1917, Cambrai 1917 '18, St. Quentin, Rosières, Amiens, Albert 1918, Hindenburg Line, St. Quentin Canal, Baurevoir, Pursuit to Mons

References
  1. Regimental nicknames and traditions of the British army. London: Gale & Polden. 1916. p. 9. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
  2. Mills, T.F. "5th Dragoon Guards (Princess Charlotte of Wales's)". regiments.org. Archived from the original on February 4, 2005. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
  3. "The Royal Dragoon Guards; who we are". Army. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
  4. Cannon, Richard (1839). The Fifth, Princess Charlotte of Wales' Dragoons Guards. William Clowes & Sons. pp. 4–5.
  5. "5th Dragoon Guards (Princess Charlotte of Wales's)". National Army Museum. Retrieved 5 August 2016.
  6. "5th Dragoon Guards". British Empire. Retrieved 5 August 2016.
  7. Cannon, p. 34
  8. Fletcher, I. (1999). Galloping at Everything: The British Cavalry in the Peninsula and at Waterloo 1808-15. Spellmount, Staplehurst. pp. 184–186. ISBN 1-86227-016-3.
  9. "Rifles Mark Salamanca Day With Families". Forces.net. Retrieved 12 April 2019.
  10. "Battle of Balaclava". British Battles. Retrieved 12 April 2019.
  11. "5th (Princess Charlotte of Wales's) Dragoon Guards". Anglo-Boer War. Retrieved 5 August 2016.
  12. "The Dragoon Guards". The Long, Long Trail. Retrieved 5 August 2016.
  13. Cheshire Military Museum, Army Museums Ogilby Trust, archived from the original on 17 June 2011, retrieved 18 February 2011
  14. "5th Dragoon Guards". British Empire. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
  15. Child, John (1990). The British Army of William III, 1689-1702. Manchester University Press. p. 16. ISBN 978-0719025525.
  16. Child, p.16
  17. Dalton, Charles (1904). English army lists and commission registers, 1661-1714 Volume VI. Eyre & Spottiswood. p. 30.
  18. Cannon p. 6
  19. Cannon p. 37
  20. Cannon p. 79
  21. Lloyd, EM (2004). Slade, Sir John, first baronet (Online ed.). Oxford DNB. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/25706.

Sources
  • Cannon, Richard (1839). The Fifth, Princess Charlotte of Wales' Dragoons Guards. William Clowes & Sons.
  • Child, John (1990). The British Army of William III, 1689-1702. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0719025525.
  • Dalton, Charles (1904). English army lists and commission registers, 1661-1714 Volume VI. Eyre & Spottiswood.
  • Fletcher, I. (1999). Galloping at Everything: The British Cavalry in the Peninsula and at Waterloo 1808-15. Spellmount, Staplehurst. ISBN 1-86227-016-3.
  • Gore, St. John (1901). The Green Horse in Ladysmith. Sampson, Low, Marston and Co.
  • Pomeroy, Ralph Legge (1924). The Story of a Regiment of Horse (5th Princess of Wales's Dragoon Guards) 1685-1922. Blackwood.
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