4th Infantry Brigade and Headquarters North East
4th Infantry Brigade and Headquarters North East (The Black Rats), previously known as 4th Mechanized Brigade (The Black Rats) is a brigade formation of the British Army, currently based in Catterick, North Yorkshire as part of 1st (United Kingdom) Division.[1] The brigade, now known as the 'Black Rats', was formed in 1939 and fought in the Second World War in the Western Desert Campaign in North Africa. The Black Rats were subsequently involved in the invasion of Sicily and fighting in Italy before taking part in the Battle of Normandy and the advance through Belgium, Holland and into Germany.[2]
Heavy Armoured Brigade (Egypt) 4th Armoured Brigade 4th Armoured Brigade Group 4th Mechanized Brigade 4th Infantry Brigade and Headquarters North East | |
---|---|
Current insignia of the 4th Infantry Brigade & HQ North East. | |
Active | 1939–1945 1976–Present |
Country | |
Branch | |
Type | Infantry |
Size | Brigade |
Part of | 1st (United Kingdom) Division |
Garrison/HQ | Catterick, North Yorkshire |
Nickname(s) | The Black Rats |
Engagements | Second World War
Bosnian War Kosovo Campaign Iraq War Afghanistan |
Commanders | |
Current commander | Brigadier Oliver Brown |
Notable commanders | Michael Carver |
More recently, the Brigade took part in the First Gulf War and completed a number of tours to the Balkans during the 1990s. The Black Rats have since deployed twice to Iraq and once before to Afghanistan for Operation Herrick 12 in 2010. The Brigade returned to Helmand Province, Afghanistan in October 2012 for Operation Herrick 17 to take over as the lead formation of British troops. The roulement tour saw the brigade working in support of the Afghan Army's 3/215 Brigade and elements of the Afghan National Police.
History
Second World War
In September 1939, at the start of the Second World War this brigade changed its title from Heavy Armoured Brigade (Egypt) to 4th Armoured Brigade.[3]
On 27 July 1941, it handed over its units to the 1st Army Tank Brigade and received new units based in Egypt. It was reformed again when the HQ arrived in Sicily and it took control of new units there. The 4th Armoured Brigade saw service in the North African Campaign, the Allied invasion of Sicily, the Italian Campaign and in North-western Europe. Although it served under many different formations it was most famous as part of the 7th Armoured Division, the Desert Rats.[3]
The 4th Armoured Brigade left the 7th Armoured Division in North Africa in 1943 for the Allied Invasion Force for Normandy. In June 1944, the brigade landed in Normandy and served with distinction during the Battle of Normandy during the Battle for Caen. From Normandy until the end of the war, the 4th Armoured Brigade was composed as follows:
- Royal Scots Greys (left 29 April 1945)
- 44th Royal Tank Regiment
- 3rd County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters) (became 3rd/4th County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters) on 29 July 1944)
- 2nd Battalion, King's Royal Rifle Corps (left 14 May 1945)
- 1st East Riding Yeomanry (from 14 June 1945)
The 4th Armoured Brigade was the first to cross the Rhine into Germany.[4]
Order of battle, Second World War
Cold War Era
The Brigade spent many years in Germany as part of the British Army of the Rhine. The brigade was one of two "square" brigades assigned to 2nd Armoured Division when it was formed in 1976.[5] After being briefly converted to "Task Force Charlie" in the late 1970s, the brigade was reinstated in 1981, assigned to 3rd Armoured Division[6] and was based at York Barracks in Münster.[7] The Brigade deployed to the First Gulf War on Operation Granby in 1990/91 and was involved in the liberation of Kuwait. It moved to Quebec Barracks at Osnabrück in 1993 to replace 12th Armoured Brigade as part of 1st (UK) Armoured Division.[8]
Post-Cold War
4th Armoured Brigade deployed to Bosnia in October 1995 as UNPROFOR HQ Sector South-West and subsequently as the leading UK element of the NATO Implementation Force (IFOR).[9] On its return to the United Kingdom in 2007 it was transferred from 1st (UK) Armoured Division to 3rd (UK) Mechanised Division.[9] The Black Rats have since deployed twice to Iraq and once before to Afghanistan for Operation Herrick 12 in 2010. The Brigade returned to Helmand Province, Afghanistan in October 2012 for Operation Herrick 17 to take over as the lead formation of British troops. The roulement tour saw the brigade working in support of the Afghan Army's 3/215 Brigade and elements of the Afghan National Police.[10] As part of the latter changes of Army 2020 both the 2nd and 4th Battalions of the Duke of Lancaster's Regiment will move out of the brigade. The 2nd battalion will move to the Specialised Infantry Group and the 4th battalion will move to the re-named Headquarters, North West.[11][12]
Current formation
4th Infantry Brigade
Under Army 2020, the brigade lost its armour and converted to an infantry brigade. The units to be under its control include:[11][13][14]
- 4th Infantry Brigade, in Catterick
- The Light Dragoons, in Catterick, Light Cavalry Reconnaissance Regiment
- The Queen's Own Yeomanry, in Newcastle, Reserve Light Cavalry Reconnaissance Regiment
- 2nd Battalion, The Yorkshire Regiment, in Catterick, Light Infantry Battalion (moving to Cyprus in 2020)
- 4th Battalion, The Yorkshire Regiment, in York, Reserve Light Infantry Battalion, paired with 2nd Battalion, The Yorkshire Regiment
- 1st Battalion, The Duke of Lancaster's Regiment, in Chester, Light Infantry Battalion[15]
- 4th Battalion, The Duke of Lancaster's Regiment, in Preston, Lancashire, Reserve Light Infantry Battalion, paired with 1st Battalion, The Duke of Lancaster's Regiment
- 2nd Battalion, The Royal Regiment of Scotland (The Royal Highland Fusiliers), in Peniciuk, Light Infantry Battalion.[16]
- 6th Battalion, The Royal Regiment of Scotland (52nd Lowland), in Glasgow, Motherwell, Edinburgh, Bathgate, Galashiels, Ayr and Dumfries, Light Infantry Battalion.
HQ North East
The Brigade also exercises command over all British Army Units based in the North East for the purposes of UK Operations, this also includes the cadets and forces of the region. The regional element is referred to simply as 'HQ North-East', which covers the counties of Northumberland, Tyne and Wear, County Durham, Teesside, West Yorkshire, North Yorkshire, East Yorkshire, and South Yorkshire.[17][18] Organisations and units which fall under this regional command include:[18][19][20]
Operational Command
- Headquarters North East, at Peronne Lines, Catterick[11]
- North of England Reserve Forces and Cadets Association[21]
- Yorkshire and the Humber Reserve Forces and Cadets Association[22]
- Defence Training Estate North East[23]
- Defence Business Service National Security Vetting[24]
- Infantry Training Centre[25]
- Army Foundation College, Harrogate[26]
- Regimental Headquarters, The Light Dragoons, at Fenham Barracks, Newcastle upon Tyne[27]
- Wetherby Young Offenders Institute[28]
- Headquarters Catterick Garrison[29]
- Headquarters York Garrison[30]
- Yorkshire Officer's Training Regiment[31][32]
Administrative Command
While HQ North East administer some formations based in the north east, the HQ also oversees all units based in the North East of England, these include:[33]
- Regular Army (Circa 15,000 personnel, 20 Majors units: 2 OPCOM Units and 18 OPCOM Regional units)
- 1st Military Intelligence Battalion, Intelligence Corps, at Bourlon Barracks, Catterick Garrison (1st Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Brigade)
- 2nd Signal Regiment, Royal Corps of Signals, at Imphal Barracks, York (11th Signal Brigade and Headquarters West Midlands)
- The Royal Lancers (Queen Elizabeth's Own), at Cambrai Barracks, Catterick Garrison (Armoured Reconnaissance under 12th Armoured Infantry Brigade)
- Royal Dragoon Guards, at Alma Lines, Catterick Garrison (Armoured Reconnaissance under 1st Armoured Infantry Brigade)
- The Highlanders, 4th Battalion, The Royal Regiment of Scotland (Mechanised Infantry under 1st Armoured Infantry Brigade)
- 21st Engineer Regiment, Royal Engineers, at Claro Barracks, Ripon (part of 25 (Close Support) Engineer Group)
- 32nd Engineer Regiment, Royal Engineers, at Marne Barracks, Catterick Garrison (part of 25 (Close Support) Engineer Group)
- 3rd Regiment Royal Horse Artillery, at Albemarle Barracks, Harlow Hill (Self-Propelled Field Artillery part of 1st Artillery Brigade)
- 4th Regiment Royal Artillery, at Alanbrooke Barracks, Topcliffe (Light Field Artillery part of 1st Artillery Brigade)
- 5th Regiment Royal Artillery, at Marne Barracks, Catterick (Surveillance and Target Acquisition part of 1st Artillery Brigade)
- 6th Theatre Logistic Regiment, Royal Logistic Corps, at Dishforth Airfield (Hybrid regiment under 102nd Logistic Brigade)
- 1st Close Support Battalion, Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers, at Meggido Lines, Catterick Garrison (102nd Logistic Brigade)
- 34th Field Hospital, Royal Army Medical Corps, at Queen Elizabeth Barracks, Strensall (2nd Medical Brigade)
- 5th Armoured Medical Regiment, Royal Army Medical Corps, at Gaza Barracks, Catterick Garrison (2nd Medical Brigade)
- 1st Regiment, Royal Military Police, at Gaza Barracks, Catterick Garrison (101st Logistic Brigade)
- 3rd Army Education Centre, Educational and Training Services Branch
- Army Reserve (Circa 5,000 Personnel, 18 units: 2 OPCOM and 16 Regional Units)
- 52 Military Intelligence Company, 5th Military Intelligence Battalion, Intelligence Corps, in Gateshead (1st Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Brigade)
- 53 Military Intelligence Company, 5th Military Intelligence Battalion, Intelligence Corps, in Leeds (1st Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Brigade)
- Kohima Troop, 32nd (Scottish) Signal Regiment, Royal Corps of Signals, at Imphal Barracks, York (11th Signal Brigade and Headquarters West Midlands)
- Queen's Own Yorkshire Yeomanry, HQ in Newcastle upon Tyne (Army Reserve Light Cavalry, OPCOM)
- 5th Battalion, Royal Regiment of Fusiliers, HQ in Newcastle upon Tyne (Army Reserve Armoured Infantry, 12th Armoured Infantry Brigade)
- 4th Battalion, Yorkshire Regiment, HQ in York (Army Reserve Light Infantry, OPCOM)
- 8th Battalion, The Rifles, HQ in Sunderland (Army Reserve Light Infantry, 51st Infantry Brigade and Headquarters Scotland)
- 4th Battalion, Parachute Regiment, HQ in Pudsey (Army Reserve Parachute/Air Assault Infantry, 16th Air Assault Brigade)
- 101st (Northumbrian) Regiment Royal Artillery, HQ in Newcastle upon Tyne (Army Reserve Divisional Fires, 1st Artillery Brigade)
- 150th (Yorkshire) Transport Regiment, Royal Logistic Corps, HQ in Hull (102nd Logistic Brigade)
- 102nd Force Support Battalion, Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers, HQ in Newton Aycliffe (101st Logistic Brigade)
- 212th (Yorkshire) Field Hospital, Royal Army Medical Corps, HQ in Sheffield (102nd Logistic Brigade)
- 299 Parachute Squadron, 23rd Parachute Engineer Regiment, Royal Engineers, HQ in Hull (16th Air Assault Brigade)
- B (250 Hull) Medical Squadron, 2nd Medical Regiment, Royal Army Medical Corps, HQ in Hull (102nd Logistic Brigade)
- 251 (Sunderland) Medical Squadron, 3rd Medical Regiment, Royal Army Medical Corps, in Sunderland (102nd Logistic Brigade)
4th Infantry Brigade is also regionally aligned with the northern African region as part of defence engagement.[34]
Second World War Commanders
During the Second World War:[35][36]
- January 1940 to April 1941 Brigadier J.A.L. Caunter
- April 1941 to April 1942 Brigadier A.H. Gatehouse
- April 1942 to July 1942 Brigadier G.W. Richards
- July 1942 to September 1942 Brigadier W.G. Carr
- September 1942 to November 1942 Brigadier M.G. Roddick
- November 1942 to January 1943 Brigadier C.B.C. Harvey
- January 1943 to February 1943 Brigadier D.S. Newton-King
- February 1943 to December 1943 Brigadier J.C. Currie
- December 1943 to March 1944 Brigadier H. J. B. Cracroft
- March 1944 to June 1944 Brigadier J. C. Currie
- June 1944 to August 1945 Brigadier R.M.P. Carver
Brigade Commanders
Recent commanders have included:[37]
- 1976–1978 Brigadier Desmond Langley
- 1981–1984 Brigadier Charles Guthrie
- 1994–1996 Brigadier Richard Dannatt
- 1996–1998 Brigadier David Richards
- 1998–2000 Brigadier Bill Rollo
- 2000-2002 Brigadier Nicholas Smith
- 2002–2004 Brigadier Paul Gibson
- 2005–2007 Brigadier Chris Deverell
- 2007–2009 Brigadier Julian Free[38]
- 2009–2011 Brigadier Richard Felton[39]
- 2011–2013 Brigadier Bob Bruce[40]
- 2013–2015 Brigadier Charlie Herbert [41]
- 2015–2016 Brigadier Gerald Strickland
- 2016–2019 Brigadier Oliver Stokes MBE
- 2019–present Brigadier Oliver Brown
Notable former soldiers
Former BBC Motor sports commentator Murray Walker served with 4th Armoured Brigade during the Second World War as a member of The Royal Scots Greys. After the war he started a motorcycle club, organising trials and scrambles for the soldiers within the Brigade.[42]
References
- 4th Mechanized Brigade, British Army, retrieved 15 February 2017
- Brigadier RMP Carter (1945). The History of the 4th Armoured Brigade. ISBN 978-1470119645.
- Brief History Of The British 4th Armoured Brigade Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine
- Desert Rats Association website Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine
- Watson, Graham (2005). "The British Army in Germany: An Organisational History 1947-2004". Tiger Lily. p. 95.
- Black, Harvey. "The Cold War Years. A Hot War in reality. Part 6".
- "York Barracks". BAOR Locations. Retrieved 24 October 2015.
- 4th Mechanized Brigade Archived March 5, 2016, at the Wayback Machine Global Security
- The Blue Beret (December 2000/January 2001) Archived August 26, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- "4th Mechanized Brigade to replace 12 Mechanized Brigade in Helmand". MoD. 11 July 2012.
- "4th Infantry Brigade and HQ North East". www.army.mod.uk. Retrieved 2 February 2019.
- "Duke of Lancaster's Regiment". www.army.mod.uk. Retrieved 2 February 2019.
- "Famed Desert Rats to lose their tanks under Army cuts". Telegraph. Retrieved 20 April 2014.
- page 9 Archived June 10, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
- How the Army moved an entire battalion from Cyprus to Chester, Cheshire Live, retrieved 13 May 2019
- "Field Army Restructuring Battalion movements" (PDF). whatdotheyknow.com. whatdotheyknow. 11 September 2019. Retrieved 12 September 2019.
2nd and 6th Battalions The Royal Regiment of Scotland have transferred to 4th Infantry Brigade from 51st Infantry Brigade
- "Reserve Forces and Cadets Association - Army Cadets". www.rfca-ne.org.uk. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
- "Reserve Forces and Cadets Association - Cadets & Youth". www.rfca-ne.org.uk. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
- "Reserve Forces and Cadets Association - Chairman's Welcome". www.rfca-ne.org.uk. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
- "4th Infantry Brigade and HQ North East - British Army Website". web.archive.org. 13 January 2018. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
- "Reserve Forces and Cadets Association - Home". www.rfca-ne.org.uk. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
- "Reserve Forces' Cadets' Association (RFCA) in Yorkshire and The Humber". www.rfca-yorkshire.org.uk. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
- "Public Information Leaflet, DTE North (East)" (PDF). assets.publishing.service.gov.uk. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- "United Kingdom Security Vetting". GOV.UK. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
- "ITC Catterick Phase 2/3". www.army.mod.uk. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
- "AFC Harrogate". www.army.mod.uk. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
- "The Light Dragoons [UK]". web.archive.org. 3 January 2008. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
- "Meet the UK's only behind-bars cadet unit". Youtube. 14 July 2020. Retrieved 17 July 2020.
- "Catterick Garrison". Army Garrisons. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
- "York Garrison". Army Garrisons. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
- "Leeds UOTC". www.army.mod.uk. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
- "Sheffield UOTC". www.army.mod.uk. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
- "HQ North East Units & Formations Requestion FOIA" (PDF). What do they know?. 17 July 2020. Retrieved 17 July 2020.
- "Information regarding British Army brigades being regionally aligned" (PDF). assets.publishing.service.gov.uk. Ministry of Defence UK. 2 August 2019. Retrieved 9 April 2020.
Responsible Organisation 4th Infantry Brigade Region Northern Africa
- Orders of Battle Archived March 14, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- "4th Armoured Brigade Commanders". Desert Rats. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
- Army Commands Archived July 5, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
- 5,000 'Rats' spotted in Basra Archived October 2, 2012, at the Wayback Machine Defence News, 11 December 2007
- Brigadier salutes move to Garrison Archived August 17, 2016, at the Wayback Machine Northern Echo, 17 February 2009
- 4th Mechanized Brigade Archived October 18, 2012, at the Wayback Machine 11 April 2011
- New man takes over the Black Rats Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine Northern Echo, 12 June 2013
- Murray Walker (2003). Unless I'm Very Much Mistaken. ISBN 0-00-712697-2.
Further reading
- Brigadier RMP Carter (1945). The History of the 4th Armoured Brigade. ISBN 978-1470119645.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 4th Mechanized Brigade (United Kingdom). |