2MASS J10475385+2124234

2MASS J10475385+2124234 (abbreviated to 2MASS J1047+21) is a brown dwarf of spectral class T6.5, in the constellation Leo about 34 light-years from Earth, hence in galactic topographical and interstellar medium study terms being in the Local Bubble and very nearby in the Orion Arm. It is the first brown dwarf to have an inferred range of its typical wind speeds computed.

2MASS J10475385+2124234
Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000
Constellation Leo
Right ascension  10h 47m 53.85456s[1]
Declination 21° 24′ 23.4684″[1]
Characteristics
Spectral type T6.5
Apparent magnitude (J) 15.819 ± 0.059[1]
Apparent magnitude (H) 15.797 ± 0.120[1]
Apparent magnitude (K) 16.20 ± 0.03[1]
Astrometry
Proper motion (μ) RA: -1714[1] mas/yr
Dec.: -489[1] mas/yr
Parallax (π)94.73 ± 3.81 mas
Distance34 ± 1 ly
(10.6 ± 0.4 pc)
Details
Mass41.61 ± 26.03[2] MJup
Radius0.94 ± 0.16[2] RJup
Luminosity0.000004365[3] L☉
Surface gravity (log g)4.96 ± 0.49[2] cgs
Temperature880 ± 76[4] K
Metallicity−5.30 ± 0.04[2]
Rotation1.77 ± 0.04 h[4]
Age0.5–10[2] Gyr
Other designations
2MASSW J1047539+212423[1]
2MASSI J1047539+212423[1]
2MASSI J1047538+212423[1]
WISEA J104752.35+212417.2[1]
Database references
SIMBADdata

Discovery

2MASS J1047+21 was discovered in 1999 along with eight other brown dwarf candidates by Adam J. Burgasser et al. from Two Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS), conducted from 1997 to 2001. Follow-up observations with the Keck I 10-meter telescope's Near Infrared Camera (NIRC) were conducted on 27 May 1999 and identified methane in 2MASS J1047+21's near-infrared spectrum, classifying it as a T-type brown dwarf.[5]

Methodology

The wind speed is directly inferred from minute, regular cycles in its visible (which matches its ultra-violet) appearance compared to the same at radio wave spectra.[6][7][8][9] The radio emissions are coming from electrons interacting with the magnetic field, which is rooted deep in the interior.[8] The visible and infrared (IR) data, on the other hand, reveal what's happening in the gas giant's cloud tops.[8]

Distance

2MASS J1047+21 is about 34 light-years (10 pc) from Earth.[4]

Characteristics
Artist's impression of a brown dwarf and its magnetic field

2MASS J1047+21 is a T-type brown dwarf.[5]

Wind speeds
Artist's concept of the interior structure of a brown dwarf. The magnetic field rotates at a different rate than the top of the atmosphere.

Wind speeds on 2MASS J1047+21 were measured to be 650 ± 310 metres per second (1,450 ± 690 mph) by the Spitzer Space Telescope.[4][10][11]

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References
  1. "2MASSW J1047539+212423 -- Brown Dwarf (M<0.08solMass)". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  2. Filippazzo, Joseph C.; Rice, Emily L.; Faherty, Jacqueline; Cruz, Kelle L.; Van Gordon, Mollie M.; Looper, Dagny L. (September 2015). "Fundamental Parameters and Spectral Energy Distributions of Young and Field Age Objects with Masses Spanning the Stellar to Planetary Regime". The Astrophysical Journal. 810 (2): 46. arXiv:1508.01767. Bibcode:2015ApJ...810..158F. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/810/2/158. 158.
  3. Williams, Peter K. G.; Berger, Edo; Zauderer, B. Ashley (April 2013). "Quasi-quiescent Radio Emission from the First Radio-emitting T Dwarf". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 767 (2): 6. arXiv:1301.2321. Bibcode:2013ApJ...767L..30W. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/767/2/L30. L30.
  4. Allers, Katelyn N.; Vos, Johanna M.; Biller, Beth A.; Williams, Peter K. G. (10 April 2020). "A measurement of the wind speed on a brown dwarf". Science. 368 (6487): 169–172. Bibcode:2020Sci...368..169A. doi:10.1126/science.aaz2856. PMID 32273464.
  5. Burgasser, Adam J.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Brown, Michael E.; Reid, I. Neill; Gizis, John E.; Dahn, Conard C.; et al. (September 1999). "Discovery of Four Field Methane (T-Type) Dwarfs with the Two Micron All-Sky Survey". The Astrophysical Journal. 522 (1): L65–L68. arXiv:astro-ph/9907019. Bibcode:1999ApJ...522L..65B. doi:10.1086/312221.
  6. Finley, Dave (9 April 2020). "Astronomers Measure Wind Speed on a Brown Dwarf". National Radio Astronomy Observatory. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  7. Cofield, Calla (9 April 2020). "In a First, NASA Measures Wind Speed on a Brown Dwarf". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. NASA. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  8. Wall, Mike (9 April 2020). "How the brown dwarf blows: Wind speed of a 'failed star' measured for 1st time". Space.com. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  9. Anderson, Paul Scott (15 April 2020). "First-ever measure of brown dwarf wind speed". EarthSky. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  10. Allers, Katelyn; Vos, Johanna; Biller, Beth; Williams, Peter; Berger, Edo (August 2016). "Wind speeds on extrasolar worlds". Spitzer Proposal. Infrared Science Archive: 13031. Bibcode:2016sptz.prop13031A.
  11. Allers, Katelyn; Vos, Johanna; Biller, Beth; Williams, Peter (October 2017). "Measuring the wind speed on a radio-emitting brown dwarf". Spitzer Proposal. Infrared Science Archive: 13231. Bibcode:2017sptz.prop13231A.
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