2020 LD

2020 LD is an Apollo near-Earth asteroid roughly 140 meters (460 feet) in diameter. It was discovered on 7 June 2020 when the asteroid was about 0.03 AU (4.5 million km; 12 LD) from Earth and had a solar elongation of 154 degrees. The glare of the Sun had masked the approach of the asteroid since November 2019.[3][lower-alpha 1] The asteroid passed closest approach to Earth on 5 June 2020 at a distance of 0.002 AU (300 thousand km; 0.78 LD).[2] The close approach distance is now known with an accuracy of roughly ± 1000 km. This is the largest asteroid to pass closer than the Moon this year and possibly the largest since (308635) 2005 YU55 in November 2011.[lower-alpha 2][lower-alpha 3] The asteroid makes close approaches to Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.[2] It will be brighter than apparent magnitude 24 until 18 July 2020.

2020 LD
orbit from inside Mercury to outside Mars
Discovery[1]
Discovered byATLAS–MLO (T08)
Discovery date7 June 2020
Designations
2020 LD
Apollo, NEO[2]
Orbital characteristics[2]
Epoch 2020-Jun-09 (JD 2459009.5)
Uncertainty parameter 8
Observation arc11 days
Aphelion2.20 AU (Q)
Perihelion0.242 (q)
1.22 AU (a)
Eccentricity0.801 (e)
1.35 yr
35.5° (M)
Inclination3.44° (i)
73.25° (Ω)
46.33° (ω)
Earth MOID0.0017 AU (250 thousand km)
Mercury MOID0.00139 AU (208 thousand km)
Venus MOID0.00148 AU (221 thousand km)
Mars MOID0.00336 AU (503 thousand km)
Jupiter MOID2.92 AU (437 million km)
Physical characteristics
Dimensions89–200 meters (CNEOS)
~140 m (460 ft)
22.4±0.2[2]

    With a short 6 day observation arc it was possible that the asteroid had passed 0.00008 AU (12 thousand km; 0.031 LD) from Earth in June 1918 or would pass 0.0001 AU (15 thousand km) from Venus in April 2024.[4]

    With a 11 day observation arc, the Sentry Risk Table lists a 1 in 9 million chance of impact on 7 June 2109.[5]

    (501647) 2014 SD224 is another similarly sized asteroid whose close approach will not be masked by the Sun this year.

    Recent 100m asteroids passing inside lunar distance

    Very few asteroids have known sizes or shapes. The albedo (how reflective the surface is) of these asteroids is often unknown and therefore only generic assumptions can be made about their sizes. A smaller more reflective asteroid can have the same absolute magnitude (H) of a larger less reflective asteroid.

    Asteroids in the size range of "2020 LD" (H<24)[lower-alpha 2]
    that passed inside 1 lunar distance from Dec 2011 – June 2020
    Asteroid Date Earth
    distance    		 H JPL CNEOS
    generic diameter
    (meters)
    2020 LD2020-06-050.00205 AU (307 thousand km; 0.80 LD)22.489 – 200
    2019 OK2019-07-250.00048 AU (72 thousand km; 0.19 LD)23.358 – 130
    2019 OD2019-07-240.00239 AU (358 thousand km; 0.93 LD)23.456 – 120
    2010 WC92018-05-150.00136 AU (203 thousand km; 0.53 LD)23.651 – 110
    2018 GE32018-04-150.00129 AU (193 thousand km; 0.50 LD)23.846 – 100
    2018 AH2018-01-020.00199 AU (298 thousand km; 0.77 LD)22.584 – 190
    2011 XC22011-12-030.00232 AU (347 thousand km; 0.90 LD)23.261 – 140
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    See also

    Notes
    1. The asteroid was within 60 degrees of the Sun from 8 November 2019 until 5 June 2020 07:27 UT.
    2. Given a generic size estimate of 84–190 meters for 2018 AH, we can not be certain that 2020 LD at a generic estimate of 89–200 meters is larger. Knowing a more precise size requires knowing the albedo (how reflective the surface is.) The albedo combined with the absolute magnitude (H) can help determine the size of an asteroid.
    3. The diameter of most newly discovered near-Earth asteroids can generally only be estimated within about a factor of 2 based on the asteroid's absolute magnitude (H). Based on this, the only larger asteroids that passed less than 1 lunar distance from the Earth are: (458732) 2011 MD5, (163132) 2002 CU11, (152680) 1998 KJ9, 2017 VW13, 2002 JE9, 2012 TY52, (308635) 2005 YU55

    References
    1. "MPEC 2020-L35 : 2020 LD". IAU Minor Planet Center. 2020-06-09. Retrieved 2020-06-11. (K20L00D)
    2. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: (2020 LD)". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2020-06-11. Retrieved 2020-06-11.
    3. "2020LD Ephemerides for Nov 2019 – June 2020" (The SolEl column is the solar elognation). NEODyS (Near Earth Objects – Dynamic Site). Retrieved 2020-06-11.
    4. JPL 5 (with 6 day observation arc)
    5. "Earth Impact Risk Summary: 2020 LD". NASA/JPL Near-Earth Object Program Office. Retrieved 2020-06-18.(esa impactor archive)
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