2016 Philippine House of Representatives elections

The 2016 Philippine House of Representatives elections were the 34th lower house elections in the Philippines. They were held on May 9, 2016 to elect members to the House of Representatives of the Philippines. The winning candidates were to comprise the House's contingent in the 17th Congress of the Philippines that would serve from June 30, 2016 to June 30, 2019.

2016 Philippine House of Representatives elections

May 9, 2016
All 297 seats in the House of Representatives of the Philippines 149 seats needed for a majority
First party Second party Third party   NPC Leader Feliciano Belmonte, Jr. Jack Duavit Ronaldo Zamora Party Liberal NPC Nacionalista Leader's seat Quezon City–4th Rizal-1st San Juan Last election 113 seats, 39.03% 42 seats, 17.50% 17 seats, 8.53% Seats before 119 38 26 Seats won 115 42 24 Seat change 4 4 2 Popular vote 15,403,160 6,344,267 3,512,975 Percentage 41.73% 17.19% 9.52%   Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party   UNA Leader Karlo Nograles Toby Tiangco Gloria Macapagal Arroyo Party NUP UNA Lakas Leader's seat Davao City–1st Navotas Pampanga–2nd Last election 24 seats, 8.59% 10 seats, 11.40% 14 seats, 4.97% Seats before 26 10 5 Seats won 23 11 4 Seat change 3 1 1 Popular vote 3,604,266 2,311,859 573,843 Percentage 9.76% 6.26% 1.55%
Election results; map refers to results from congressional districts, with Metro Manila at the inset, while the boxes to the right represent party-list seats.
Speaker before election Feliciano Belmonte, Jr. Liberal Elected Speaker Pantaleon Alvarez PDP–Laban

The House of Representatives elections were part of the 2016 general election where elections for President, Vice President, Senators, and all local officials, including those from the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, were also held.

The Philippines uses parallel voting in its lower house elections. There are 297 seats in the House; 238 of these are district representatives, and 59 are party-list representatives. The law mandates that there should be one party-list representative for every four district representatives. District representatives are elected under the plurality voting system from single-member districts. Party-list representatives are elected via the nationwide vote with a 2% "soft" election threshold, with a 3-seat cap. The party in the party-list election with the most votes usually wins three seats, the other parties with more than 2% of the vote two seats, and the parties with less than 2% of the vote winning a seat each if the 20% quota is not met.

Electoral system

The election for seats in the House of Representatives is done via parallel voting. A voter has two votes: one for one's local district, and another via the party-list system. A candidate is not allowed to stand for both ballots, and parties participating in the district elections would have to ask for permission on the Commission on Elections, with major parties not allowed to participate, in the party-list election.

Election via the districts

Main article: Legislative districts of the Philippines

Each district sends one representative to the House of Representatives, with the winner having the highest number of votes winning that district's seat. The representatives from the districts comprise at most 80% of the seats.

Election via the party-list system

Main article: Party-list representation in the House of Representatives of the Philippines

In the party-list system, the parties contesting the election represent a sector, or several sectors, or an ethnic group. In determining the winners, the entire country is treated as one "district". Each party that surpasses the 2% election threshold automatically wins one seat, they can win an additional number of seats in proportion to the number of votes they received, but they can't have more than three seats. The representatives elected via the party-list system, also known as "sectoral representatives" should comprise at least 20% of the seats. However, since the winners from the parties that surpass the 2% threshold had not reached the 20% quota ever since the party-list system was instituted, the parties that received less than 2% of the first preference vote are given one seat each until the 20% quota has been filled up.[1]

Campaigning

The parties contesting the district elections campaign at the district level; there is no national-level campaigning. While no party has been able to win a majority of seats in the House of Representatives since the 1987 elections, the party of the incumbent president had usually controlled the chamber in the phenomenon known locally as the "Padrino System" or patronage politics, with other parties aligning themselves with the president's policies in exchange for pork barrel and future political favors.

Usually, a gubernatorial candidate has a slate of candidates for vice governor, board members and representative. He or she, aside from supporting a slate of national politicians, may also have slates in the individual cities or towns for mayors, vice mayors and councilors. These slates are usually under one party, but multi-party alliances are not uncommon.

District changes

Reapportioning (redistricting) the number of seats is either via national reapportionment after the release of every census, or via piecemeal redistricting for every province or city. National reapportionment has not happened since the 1987 constitution took effect, and aside from piecemeal redistricting, the apportionment was based on the ordinance from the constitution, which was in turn based from the 1980 census.

These are currently 5 new districts that shall be contested in 2016:

• Davao Occidental

  No seat was added as the part of the old 2nd district of Davao del Sur shall be absorbed by its lone district, while the remainder became the province of Davao Occidental

• Biñan, alternatively the fifth district of Laguna
• Legislative districts of Batangas
  • Batangas City district designated as its fifth district
  • Lipa district designated as its sixth district
• Cebu–7th

These are House (HB) and Senate (SB) Bills that pertains to redistricting:

Bill No.	District(s)	Current	Proposed	Notes	Status
15th Congress
HB 4451	Davao del Sur–2nd	1	1	Separation of a part of Davao del Sur's 2nd district to become a province of Davao Occidental, with the rest absorbed by the 1st district.	Signed into law–Republic Act No. 10360; approved in a plebiscite[2]
16th Congress
HB 112	Aklan	1	2	Aklan to be split into two districts.	Substituted by HB 5768.
HB 608	Pasay	1	2	Pasay to be split into two districts.	Pending at the committee level.
HB 836	Laguna–4th	1	2	Laguna−4th to be split into two districts; new district shall become the 5th district.	Pending at the committee level.
HB 1687	Both Sorsogon districts	1	1	Transfer of Juban from the 2nd to the 1st district.	Pending at the committee level.
HB 1696	Surigao del Sur	2	3	Surigao del Sur to be redistricted into three districts.	Pending at the committee level.
HB 2734	Pampanga–3rd	1	2	Separation of San Fernando to become a lone district.	Substituted by HB 6140.
HB 3718	Nueva Ecija–2nd	1	2	Nueva Ecija−2nd to be split into two districts; new district shall become the 5th district.	Pending at the committee level.
HB 3750	Batangas–2nd	1	2	Separation of Batangas City to become a lone district.	Signed into law–Republic Act No. 10673.[3]
HB 3917	Laguna–1st	1	2	Separation of Biñan to become a lone district.	Signed into law–Republic Act No. 10658[4]
HB 3930	All districts	232	Unspecified	General reapportionment of all districts	Pending at the committee level.
HB 4350	Pampanga–1st	1	2	Separation of Angeles to become a lone district.	Pending at the committee level.
HB 4427	Cebu–2nd	1	2	Cebu−2nd to be split into two districts; new district shall become the 7th district.	Signed into law–Republic Act No. 10684.[5]
HB 4457	Maguindanao–1st	1	2	Separation of Cotabato City to become a lone district.	Pending at the committee level.
HB 4603	San Jose del Monte	1	2	San Jose del Monte to be split into two districts.	Pending at the committee level.
HB 4640	Batangas–4th	1	2	Separation of Lipa to become a lone district.	Signed into law–Republic Act No. 10673[3]
HB 5002	Taguig−1st & Pateros	1	2	Separation of Pateros to become a lone district, and granting it cityhood	Pending at the committee level.
HB 5569	Caloocan−1st	1	3	Caloocan−1st to split into three districts, with the new districts comprising the third and fourth districts.	Pending at the committee level.
HB 5768	Aklan	1	2	Aklan to be split into two districts.	Approved on third reading; transmitted to the Senate.
HB 6140	Pampanga–3rd	1	2	Separation of Angeles to become a lone district.	Approved on first reading.
SB 3029	Laguna–1st	1	2	Separation of San Pedro to become a lone district.	Pending at the committee level.
Approved districts	5	Potential new districts (16th Congress only)			~17

Retiring and term limited incumbents

There are 69 open seats in the House from incumbents that are term-limited and were not running.

Results

2016 Philippine House congressional district elections chart of votes (inner ring) compared to seats won (outer ring).

President Benigno Aquino III's Liberal Party emerged with the party having the plurality of seats in the House of Representatives, winning more than a hundred seats. Meanwhile, in the presidential election, Davao City mayor Rodrigo Duterte of Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan (PDP-Laban) emerged with an insurmountable lead over the Liberals' Mar Roxas.

Meanwhile, the Nationalist People's Coalition finished second in number of seats won, followed by the Nacionalista Party, National Unity Party, United Nationalist Alliance, Lakas-CMD, PDP-Laban, Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino and Aksyon Demokratiko. Several local parties also won seats, along with a handful of independents.

While PDP-Laban just won three seats, several members of the Liberal Party immediately abandoned that party in favor of PDP-Laban. PDP-Laban also signed coalition agreements with all major parties, including the Liberal Party, ensuring that they would have the numbers once the 17th Congress of the Philippines opens in late July.

↓

District Party-list

115 42 24 23 34 25 34 Liberal NPC NP NUP Others 2+ seats 1 seat

Congressional districts results

 Summary of the May 9, 2016 Philippine House of Representatives election results for representatives from congressional districts

Party/coalition		Popular vote			Breakdown						Seats
		Total	%	Swing	Entered	Up	Gains	Holds	Losses	Vacant wins	Elected	%	+/−
	Liberal (Liberal Party)	15,552,401	41.72%	3.41%	164	111	15	96	15	4	115	38.7%	4
	NPC (Nationalist People's Coalition)	6,350,310	17.04%	0.32%	77	42	8	33	9	0	42	14.1%
	NUP (National Unity Party)	3,604,266	9.67%	0.98%	39	26	1	22	4	0	23	7.7%	3
	Nacionalista (Nationalist Party)	3,512,975	9.42%	0.87%	46	27	3	21	6	0	24	8.1%	3
	UNA (United Nationalist Alliance)	2,468,335	6.62%	2.69%	47	8	4	7	1	0	11	3.7%	3
	PDP–Laban (Philippine Democratic Party–People's Power)	706,407	1.90%	0.88%	26	0	3	0	0	0	3	1.0%	3
	Lakas (People Power–Christian Muslim Democrats)	573,843	1.54%	3.79%	5	7	0	4	3	0	4	1.3%	3
	Aksyon (Democratic Action)	514,612	1.38%	1.03%	8	1	1	0	1	0	1	0.3%
	KBL (New Society Movement)	198,754	0.53%	0.19%	11	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.0%
	Asenso Manileño (Progress for Manilans)	184,602	0.50%	0.50%	4	0	2	0	0	0	2	0.7%	2
	Kusog Baryohanon (Force of the Villagers)	172,601	0.46%	0.46%	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	0.3%
	PTM (Voice of the Masses Party)	145,417	0.39%	0.39%	2	1	0	1	0	0	1	0.3%
	PCM (People's Champ Movement)	142,307	0.38%	0.38%	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	0.3%	1
	Bukidnon Paglaum (Hope for Bukidnon)	129,678	0.35%	0.01%	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	0.3%
	Lingap Lugud (Caring Love)	127,762	0.34%	0.34%	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	0.3%	1
	Padayon Pilipino (Onward Filipinos)	127,759	0.34%	0.34%	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.0%
	1-Cebu (One Cebu)	114,732	0.31%	0.23%	3	1	0	0	1	0	0	0.0%	1
	LDP (Struggle of Democratic Filipinos)	111,086	0.30%	0.03%	2	2	0	2	0	0	2	0.7%
	Arangkada San Joseño (Forward San Joseans)	83,945	0.23%	0.23%	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	0.3%	1
	PMP (Force of the Filipino Masses)	78,020	0.21%	0.31%	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.0%
	KABAKA (Partner of the Nation for Progress)	72,130	0.19%	0.15%	2	1	0	1	0	0	1	0.3%
	Hugpong (Party of the People of the City)	53,186	0.14%	0.10%	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.0%
	SZP (Forward Zambales Party)	52,415	0.14%	0.08%	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.0%
	CDP (Centrist Democratic Party of the Philippines)	13,662	0.21%	0.21%	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	0.0%	1
	PMM (Workers' and Peasants' Party)	7,239	0.02%	0.02%	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.0%
	PGRP (Philippine Green Republican Party)	4,426	0.01%	0.01%	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.0%
	Independent	2,172,562	5.83%	0.19%	178	3	3	1	2	0	4	1.3%	1
Vacancy		—	—	—	—	3	0	0	3	—	0	0.0%	3
Total		37,275,432	100%	N/A	634	234	45	189	45	4	238	80.1%	4
Valid votes		37,275,432	83.97%
Invalid votes		7,077,692	15.94%
Turnout		44,392,375	81.66%	5.89%
Registered voters (without overseas voters)		54,363,844	100%	4.52%

Vote share Liberal   41.72% NPC   17.04% NUP   9.67% Nacionalista   9.42% UNA   6.62% Others   15.53%

Congressional district seats Liberal   48.32% NPC   17.65% Nacionalista   10.08% NUP   9.66% UNA   4.62% Others   9.67%

Party-list result

The winning party-lists were proclaimed on May 19. The commission proclaimed 46 party-lists, with Ako Bicol winning the maximum three seats, while parties with at least 2% of the vote being guaranteed at least 1 seat.[6] Eleven parties won 2 seats each, while 34 others won one seat each.[7]

Ako Bicol won three seats for the second time in history, after achieving the same feat in 2010. Bayan Muna, on the other hand, failed to win at least 2 seats for the first time, after winning the maximum three seats in 2001, 2004 and 2007.

 Summary of the May 9, 2016 Philippine House of Representatives election results for party-list representatives

Party	Popular vote			Seats
	Total	%	Swing	Up	Won	+/−
Ako Bicol	1,664,975	5.14%	2.38%	2	3	1
GABRIELA	1,367,795	4.22%	1.64%	2	2
1-PACMAN	1,310,197	4.05%	4.05%	0	2	2
ACT Teachers	1,180,752	3.65%	2.00%	1	2	1
Senior Citizens	988,876	3.05%	0.60%	0	2	2
Kabayan	840,393	2.60%	2.60%	0	2	2
Agri	833,821	2.58%	1.25%	1	2	1
PBA	780,309	2.41%	1.64%	0	2	2
Buhay	760,912	2.35%	2.25%	3	2	1
Abono	732,060	2.26%	0.52%	2	2
AMIN	706,689	2.18%	0.80%	1	2	1
Coop-NATCCO	671,699	2.07%	0.25%	2	2
Akbayan	608,449	1.88%	1.12%	2	1	1
Bayan Muna	606,566	1.87%	1.58%	2	1	1
AGAP	593,748	1.83%	0.31%	2	1	1
An Waray	590,895	1.82%	0.13%	2	1	1
CIBAC	555,760	1.72%	0.40%	2	1	1
AAMBIS-Owa	495,483	1.53%	0.40%	1	1
Kalinga	494,725	1.53%	0.18%	1	1
A TEACHER	475,488	1.47%	2.31%	2	1	1
YACAP	471,173	1.46%	0.13%	1	1
DIWA	467,794	1.44%	0.21%	1	1
TUCP	467,275	1.44%	0.11%	1	1
Abang Lingkod	466,701	1.44%	0.50%	1	1
LPGMA	466,103	1.44%	0.10%	1	1
Alona	434,856	1.34%	1.34%	0	1	1
1-SAGIP	397,064	1.23%	0.18%	1	1
Butil	395,011	1.22%	0.37%	1	1
ACTS-OFW	374,601	1.16%	1.16%	0	1	1
Anakpawis	367,376	1.13%	0.03%	1	1
Ang Kabuhayan	348,533	1.08%	1.08%	0	1	1
ANGKLA	337,245	1.04%	0.26%	1	1
Mata	331,285	1.02%	0.14%	0	1	1
1-CARE	329,627	1.02%	2.37%	2	1	1
ANAC-IP	318,257	0.98%	0.11%	1	1
ABS	301,457	0.93%	0.37%	1	1
Kabataan	300,420	0.93%	0.31%	1	1
BH	299,381	0.92%	0.24%	0	1	1
AASENSO	294,281	0.91%	0.67%	0	1	1
SBP	280,465	0.87%	0.87%	0	1	1
Magdalo	279,356	0.86%	1.19%	2	1	1
1-ang Edukasyon	278,393	0.86%	0.86%	0	1	1
Manila Teachers	268,613	0.83%	0.83%	0	1	1
Kusug Tausug	247,487	0.76%	0.76%	0	1	1
Aangat Tayo	243,266	0.75%	0.00%	0	1	1
Agbiag!	240,723	0.74%	0.13%	1	1
Ating Guro	237,566	0.73%	0.04%	0	0
ADDA	226,751	0.70%	0.70%	0	0
A.I.	223,880	0.69%	0.69%	0	0
All-Fish	220,599	0.68%	0.68%	0	0
Append	219,218	0.68%	0.18%	1	0	1
Ang Nars	218,593	0.68%	0.21%	1	0	1
ABAKADA	216,405	0.67%	0.22%	1	0	1
CONSLA	213,814	0.66%	0.66%	0	0
Tingog Sinirangan	210,552	0.65%	0.65%	0	0
ABAMIN	209,276	0.65%	1.04%	1	0	1
OFW Family	203,767	0.63%	2.09%	2	0	2
Anakalusugan	191,362	0.59%	0.59%	0	0
Alay Buhay	186,712	0.58%	0.57%	1	0	1
Abante Retirees	166,138	0.51%	0.07%	0	0
AAB	162,547	0.50%	0.50%	0	0
AVE	157,792	0.49%	0.49%	1	0	1
RAM	153,743	0.47%	0.47%	0	0
KGB	148,869	0.46%	0.46%	0	0
AGHAM	140,661	0.43%	0.04%	0	0
AWAT Mindanao	138,040	0.43%	0.28%	0	0
Tama	136,555	0.42%	0.42%	0	0
Asean, Inc.	125,069	0.39%	0.39%	0	0
Amepa Ofw	121,086	0.37%	0.37%	0	0
ATING Koop	120,361	0.37%	0.60%	1	0	1
Ang Kasangga	120,042	0.37%	0.36%	0	0
UMALAB KA	118,149	0.36%	0.20%	0	0
Disabled/PWD	118,043	0.36%	0.36%	0	0
Global	117,552	0.36%	0.36%	0	0
ALE	112,052	0.35%	0.21%	0	0
Cancer	109,965	0.34%	0.34%	0	0
ACT-CIS	109,300	0.34%	1.03%	1	0	1
AMA	102,583	0.32%	0.57%	1	0	1
Marino	102,430	0.32%	0.32%	0	0
1-PABAHAY	100,746	0.31%	0.11%	0	0
Metro	94,515	0.29%	0.29%	0	0
PISTON	89,384	0.28%	0.36%	0	0
Sanlakas	87,351	0.27%	0.04%	0	0
TGP	87,009	0.27%	0.27%	0	0
KAP/KAKASA-KA	79,178	0.24%	0.24%	0	0
Migrante	76,523	0.24%	0.05%	0	0
Amor-seaman	68,226	0.21%	0.21%	0	0
1-AALALAY	65,459	0.20%	0.39%	0	0
Sinag	61,393	0.19%	0.19%	0	0
Akin	56,809	0.18%	0.18%	0	0
1-AHAPO	54,550	0.17%	0.17%	0	0
Ang Prolife	53,078	0.16%	0.31%	0	0
Samako	52,251	0.16%	0.16%	0	0
Tricap	50,401	0.16%	0.16%	0	0
UNIDO	49,742	0.15%	0.15%	0	0
Clase	49,212	0.15%	0.15%	0	0
Tinderong Pinoy	46,942	0.14%	0.14%	0	0
Pbb	46,853	0.14%	0.14%	0	0
Kamais Pilipinas	46,521	0.14%	0.14%	0	0
1-GB	46,182	0.14%	0.14%	0	0
KMM	42,935	0.13%	0.13%	0	0
PM	42,742	0.13%	0.13%	0	0
KM Ngayon Na	39,777	0.12%	0.12%	0	0
FICTAP	36,619	0.11%	0.11%	0	0
ACP	35,270	0.11%	0.11%	0	0
Banat	31,185	0.10%	0.10%	0	0
A Tambay	30,147	0.09%	0.09%	0	0
Awake	28,727	0.09%	0.09%	0	0
Nactodap	24,407	0.08%	0.08%	0	0
Anupa	18,793	0.06%	0.06%	0	0
Melchora	17,040	0.05%	0.05%	0	0
1-ABILIDAD	16,805	0.05%	0.02%	0	0
MTM PHILS	9,200	0.03%	0.12%	0	0
CWS	9,121	0.03%	0.03%	0	0
Dumper PTDA	6,941	0.02%	0.02%	0	0
Total	32,377,841	100.00%	N/A	56	59	3
Valid votes	32,377,841	71.98%	3.15%
Invalid votes	12,601,310	28.02%	3.15%
Total turnout	44,980,362*	80.70%	4.93%
Registered voters	55,739,911	100.00%	5.21%

*1,211 votes are unaccounted for.

Vote share Ako Bikol   5.14% Gabriela   4.22% 1-PACMAN   4.05% ACT Teachers   3.65% Senior Citizens   3.05% Kabayan   2.60% AGRI   2.58% PBA   2.41% Buhay   2.35% Abono   2.26% AMIN   2.18% Coop-NATCCO   2.07% Akbayan   1.88% Others   61.51%

Congressional sectoral seats Ako Bikol   5.08% Gabriela   3.39% 1-PACMAN   3.39% ACT Teachers   3.39% Senior Citizens   3.39% Kabayan   3.39% AGRI   3.39% PBA   3.39% Buhay   3.39% Abono   3.39% AMIN   3.39% Coop-NATCCO   3.39% Akbayan   1.69% Others   55.93%

Summary

Region	Details	Seats won per party						Total seats
		Liberal	Nacionalista	NPC	NUP	UNA	Others & ind.
I	Elections	6 / 12	2 / 12	3 / 12	0 / 12	0 / 12	1 / 12	12 / 297
II	Elections	4 / 10	1 / 10	2 / 10	2 / 10	1 / 10	0 / 10	10 / 297
III	Elections	7 / 21	1 / 21	5 / 21	3 / 21	1 / 21	4 / 21	21 / 297
IV–A	Elections	14 / 26	2 / 26	4 / 26	3 / 26	2 / 26	1 / 26	26 / 297
IV–B	Elections	4 / 8	1 / 8	1 / 8	2 / 8	0 / 8	0 / 8	8 / 297
V	Elections	9 / 16	2 / 16	4 / 16	1 / 16	0 / 16	0 / 16	16 / 297
VI	Elections	7 / 11	0 / 11	2 / 11	2 / 11	0 / 11	0 / 11	11 / 297
VII	Elections	6 / 14	2 / 14	3 / 14	1 / 14	1 / 14	1 / 14	14 / 297
VIII	Elections	7 / 12	0 / 12	2 / 12	2 / 12	0 / 12	1 / 12	12 / 297
IX	Elections	4 / 9	1 / 9	3 / 9	0 / 9	0 / 9	1 / 9	9 / 297
X	Elections	6 / 14	2 / 14	2 / 14	1 / 14	1 / 14	2 / 14	14 / 297
XI	Elections	5 / 11	3 / 11	0 / 11	1 / 11	0 / 11	2 / 11	11 / 297
XII	Elections	4 / 8	0 / 8	2 / 8	0 / 8	0 / 8	2 / 8	8 / 297
XIII	Elections	4 / 9	0 / 9	2 / 9	2 / 9	0 / 9	1 / 9	9 / 297
ARMM	Elections	6 / 8	0 / 8	0 / 8	1 / 8	0 / 8	1 / 8	8 / 297
CAR	Elections	5 / 7	1 / 7	1 / 7	0 / 7	0 / 7	0 / 7	7 / 297
NCR	Elections	15 / 32	4 / 32	3 / 32	0 / 32	5 / 32	5 / 32	32 / 297
NIR	Elections	2 / 10	0 / 10	5 / 10	2 / 10	0 / 10	1 / 10	10 / 297
Party-list	Elections	1 / 59	0 / 59	0 / 59	0 / 59	0 / 59	58 / 59	59 / 297
Total		117 / 297	24 / 297	42 / 297	23 / 297	11 / 297	91 / 297	297 / 297

Defeated incumbents

District representatives

District	Incumbent's party		Incumbent	Winner	Winner's party		Notes
Aklan		Nacionalista	Teodorico Haresco, Jr.	Carlito Marquez	NPC
Baguio		Liberal	Nicasio Aliping	Mark Go	Nacionalista
Bulacan–3rd		Liberal	Jonjon Mendoza	Lorna Silverio	NUP
Leyte–2nd		Liberal	Sergio Apostol	Henry Ong	NPC
Northern Samar–1st		Nacionalista	Harlin Abayon	Raul Daza	Liberal		After defeating Daza in 2013 by 52 votes, Abayon lost by 90 votes. Daza had successfully petitioned to the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal, ousting Abayon, but the Supreme Court ordered the reinstatement of Abayon. The House leadership did not act on the court's order in time after the adjournment sine die.[8]
Palawan–3rd		Liberal	Douglas Hagedorn	Gil Acosta	NPC
Pampanga–1st		Liberal	Yeng Guiao	Carmelo Lazatin	Lingap Lugud
Quezon City–1st		Liberal	Boy Calalay	Vincent Crisologo	UNA		Calalay defeated Crisologo in 2013.
Siquijor		Liberal	Marie Anne Pernes	Ramon Vicente Rocamora	Independent
Zamboanga City–2nd		Nacionalista	Lilia Macrohon-Nuño	Manuel Dalipe	NPC
Zamboanga Sibugay–1st		Nacionalista	Belma Cabilao	Wilter Palma II	Liberal

Party-list representatives

• Alliance of Volunteer Educators
  • Eulogio Magsaysay
• Ang Nars
  • Leah Paquiz
• Append
  • Pablo Nava III

Aftermath

After proclamations were held for district representatives, three people were seen to have a chance in becoming speaker. These include PDP-Laban's Pantaleon Alvarez of Davao del Norte, National Unity Party (NUP)'s Karlo Nograles of Davao City, and incumbent speaker Feliciano Belmonte, Jr. of Quezon City.[9]

Duterte chose PDP-Laban's Alvarez, a returning congressman, over Nograles as his preferred candidate for the speakership. Nograles gave way to Alvarez, to secure a "super majority" in Congress, while keeping the minority bloc to about 20 members.[10]

Alvarez and defeated senatorial candidate Ferdinand Martin Romualdez, chairman of the Lakas-CMD, signed an agreement formalizing their parties' alliance. The Nacionalista Party (NP) also joined the alliance with the PDP-Laban; Duterte's running mate, Senator Alan Peter Cayetano, although ran as an independent, is a member of the Nacionalista Party. The Nationalist People's Coalition (NPC) have also contacted Alvarez about the speakership election, while Alvarez described a coalition with the NUP as a "done deal".[11]

The incumbent speaker, the Liberals' Feliciano Belmonte, Jr. of Quezon City expects the support of at least 120 members of the Liberal Party and allies from other parties. Meanwhile, Alvarez hosted a luncheon at the Midas Hotel and Casino on May 18 where 59 representatives attended. Alvarez said that his "Coalition for Change" includes representatives from the PDP-Laban, the NP, NPC, NUP, Lakas, various party-lists, and even from the Liberal Party.[12]

Days after the Alvarez luncheon, Belmonte conceded the speakership race, saying that Alvarez had the numbers. Alvarez visited Belmonte's home in Quezon City to pave way for a smooth transition of power in the lower house. This was after the NPC affirmed its support for PDP-Laban.[13] Meanwhile, outgoing Majority Leader Neptali Gonzales II said that there are some Liberal representatives who won't jump ship to PDP-Laban, but would still vote for Alvarez for the speakership, with the Liberals signing the same coalition agreement with the NPC, which the latter also signed with PDP-Laban.[14]

Danilo Suarez of Quezon, who ran under the United Nationalist Alliance (UNA) emerged as Belmonte's primary opponent for the minority leader position. Suarez says he has the support of some 17 lawmakers from UNA, Lakas-CMD, and party-list representatives allied with the former.[15] While this is happening, the NUP and Lakas announced a coalition that would support Duterte in the lower house, and backed the election of Alvarez for the speakership.[16]

Alvarez spent the remainder of May consolidating the pro-Duterte forces in the House of Representatives. Belmonte seemed content to lead the opposition in the lower house, rather than joining the majority bloc, saying that "we must have a minority. That's needed."[17] At least 23 representatives abandoned the Liberal Party for PDP-Laban.[18] Meanwhile, the NUP signed a coalition agreement with PDP-Laban, joining the Coalition for Change.[19]

Speakership election[20]

Candidate		Party	Total	%
	Pantaleon Alvarez	PDP–Laban	252	84.8%
	Teodoro Baguilat, Jr.	Liberal	8	2.7%
	Danilo Suarez	Lakas	7	2.4%
Abstention			22	7.4%
Total who voted			288	97.3%
Total representatives			297	100%

References

1. Muga, Felix P. II (May 20, 2013). "How to fill the 58 party-list seats". Rappler.com. Retrieved May 23, 2013.
2. Carillo, C.A. (November 10, 2013). "Davao Occidental province to be created". BusinessWorld. Retrieved January 27, 2016.
3. Cinco, Maricar (August 24, 2015). "Batangas has 2 new legislative districts". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved May 19, 2016.
4. Romero, Paolo (April 2, 2015). "Biñan now a congressional district". Retrieved May 19, 2016.
5. Braga, Michael Vencynth H. (September 19, 2015). "Aquino approves Cebu's 7th district". The Freeman. Retrieved May 19, 2016.
6. Adel, Rossette (May 19, 2016). "Comelec proclaims 46 winning party-lists". The Philippine Star. Retrieved May 19, 2016.
7. "46 groups proclaimed as party list winners". Rappler. Retrieved May 19, 2016.
8. Pasion, Patty (June 6, 2016). "Northern Samar's Abayon escorted out of Congress". Rappler. Retrieved June 6, 2016.
9. Cabucungan, Gil C.; Salaverria, Leila B. "3-way fight seen for House Speaker". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved May 23, 2016.
10. "Digong's party eyes Alvarez as Speaker". Philippine Daily Inquirer. May 16, 2016. Retrieved May 19, 2016.
11. Cayabyab, Marc Jayson (May 18, 2016). "Alvarez bolsters Speaker bid with 80 lawmakers, 3-party alliance". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved May 19, 2016.
12. Romero, Paolo (May 19, 2016). "Lines drawn in battle for House speaker's post". The Philippine Star. Retrieved May 19, 2016.
13. Romero, Paolo. "Belmonte: Alvarez to become speaker". The Philippine Star (2016–05–21). Retrieved May 23, 2016.
14. Cayabyab, Marc Jayson. "LP backs Alvarez's Speaker bid". Philippine Daily Inquirer (2016–05–23). Retrieved May 23, 2016.
15. Dalangin-Fernandez, Lira. "House minority leadership still a toss-up between Belmonte and Suarez". Interaksyon.com (2016–05–23). Archived from the original on May 24, 2016. Retrieved May 23, 2016.
16. Cahinhinan, John Carlo. "Lakas, NUP form alliance to support Duterte". Sun.Star Manila (2016–05–23). Retrieved May 23, 2016.
17. Vigilia, Wendell. "Belmonte resigned to leading minority". Malaya (2016–06–01). Archived from the original on June 2, 2016. Retrieved June 2, 2016.
18. Panti, Llanesca T. "LP stalwarts join Duterte party". The Manila Times (2016–06–02). Retrieved June 2, 2016.
19. Cruz, Maricel (June 3, 2016). "NUP seals alliance with PDP-Laban". CNN Philippines. Retrieved June 2, 2016.
20. "'Supermajority' backs Alvarez as House speaker". Philippine Star. July 25, 2016. Retrieved October 23, 2016.