1999 Malaysian state elections
State assembly elections were held in Malaysia on 29 November 1999 in all states except Sarawak. The elections were held alongside general elections, and saw the opposition win a total of 113 seats, 98 of which went to the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), 11 to the Democratic Action Party (DAP) and 4 for the People's Justice Party. In the states of Kelantan and Terengganu, the PAS won by a huge margin–41-2 against Barisan Nasional and 28-4 respectively–hence allowing them to form the state governments in these states. In addition, the PAS also captured one-third of the seats in Kedah, with the remaining two-thirds going to Barisan Nasional (United Malays National Organisation won 16 seats and the Malaysian Chinese Association 2).
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| This article is part of a series on the politics and government of Malaysia |
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The election results were seen as a great gain for PAS, who previously had no state seats in Kedah and capturing only one seat in Terengganu in the 1995 elections. Observers attributed this to the neglect by the Federal Administration in the states of Terengganu and Kelantan.[1]
Results
Perlis
| Party | Candidates | Vote | Seats | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Won | % | +/– | |||||
| National Front[lower-alpha 1] | BN | 15 | 12 | 80.00 | -3 | ||||
| United Malays National Organisation | UMNO | 13 | 10 | 66.67 | -3 | ||||
| Malaysian Chinese Association | MCA | 2 | 2 | 13.33 | 0 | ||||
| Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party | PAS | 3 | 20.00 | +3 | |||||
| Valid votes | |||||||||
| Invalid/blank votes | |||||||||
| Total votes (voter turnout: %) | 100.00 | 15 | 100.00 | 0 | |||||
| Did not vote | |||||||||
| Registered voters | |||||||||
| Voting age population (aged 21 years and above) | |||||||||
| Perlis's population | |||||||||
|
Source: | |||||||||
- Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.
Kedah
| Party | Candidates | Vote | Seats | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Won | % | +/– | |||||
| National Front[lower-alpha 1] | BN | 36 | 24 | 66.67 | -10 | ||||
| United Malays National Organisation | UMNO | 16 | 44.44 | -10 | |||||
| Malaysian Chinese Association | MCA | 4 | 11.11 | 0 | |||||
| Malaysian Indian Congress | MIC | 2 | 5.56 | 0 | |||||
| Malaysian People's Movement Party | Gerakan | 2 | 5.56 | 0 | |||||
| Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party | PAS | 12 | 33.33 | +10 | |||||
| Valid votes | |||||||||
| Invalid/blank votes | |||||||||
| Total votes (voter turnout: %) | 100.00 | 36 | 100.00 | 0 | |||||
| Did not vote | |||||||||
| Registered voters | |||||||||
| Voting age population (aged 21 years and above) | |||||||||
| Kedah's population | |||||||||
|
Source: | |||||||||
- Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.
Kelantan
| Party | Candidates | Vote | Seats | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Won | % | +/– | |||||
| Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party | PAS | 41 | 41 | 95.35 | +17 | ||||
| National Front[lower-alpha 1] | BN | 43 | 2 | 4.65 | -5 | ||||
| United Malays National Organisation | UMNO | 42 | 2 | 4.65 | -4 | ||||
| Malaysian Chinese Association | MCA | 1 | 0 | 0.00 | -1 | ||||
| National Justice Party | KeADILan | 2 | 0 | 0.00 | New | ||||
| Valid votes | |||||||||
| Invalid/blank votes | |||||||||
| Total votes (voter turnout: %) | 100.00 | 43 | 100.00 | 0 | |||||
| Did not vote | |||||||||
| Registered voters | |||||||||
| Voting age population (aged 21 years and above) | |||||||||
| Kelantan's population | |||||||||
|
Source: | |||||||||
- Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.
Terengganu
| Party | Candidates | Vote | Seats | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Won | % | +/– | |||||
| Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party | PAS | 28 | 87.50 | +21 | |||||
| National Front[lower-alpha 1] | BN | 32 | 4 | 12.50 | -21 | ||||
| United Malays National Organisation | UMNO | 31 | 4 | 12.50 | -20 | ||||
| Malaysian Chinese Association | MCA | 1 | 0 | 0.00 | -1 | ||||
| Valid votes | |||||||||
| Invalid/blank votes | |||||||||
| Total votes (voter turnout: %) | 100.00 | 32 | 100.00 | 0 | |||||
| Did not vote | |||||||||
| Registered voters | |||||||||
| Voting age population (aged 21 years and above) | |||||||||
| Terengganu's population | |||||||||
|
Source: | |||||||||
- Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.
Penang
| Party | Candidates | Vote | Seats | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Won | % | +/– | |||||
| National Front[lower-alpha 1] | BN | 33 | 30 | 90.91 | -2 | ||||
| United Malays National Organisation | UMNO | 12 | 10 | 30.30 | -2 | ||||
| Malaysian People's Movement Party | Gerakan | 11 | 10 | 30.30 | 0 | ||||
| Malaysian Chinese Association | MCA | 9 | 9 | 27.27 | 0 | ||||
| Malaysian Indian Congress | MIC | 1 | 1 | 3.03 | 0 | ||||
| Democratic Action Party | DAP | 1 | 3.03 | 0 | |||||
| Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party | PAS | 1 | 3.03 | +1 | |||||
| National Justice Party | KeADILan | 1 | 3.03 | +1 | |||||
| Valid votes | |||||||||
| Invalid/blank votes | |||||||||
| Total votes (voter turnout: %) | 100.00 | 33 | 100.00 | 0 | |||||
| Did not vote | |||||||||
| Registered voters | |||||||||
| Voting age population (aged 21 years and above) | |||||||||
| Penang's population | |||||||||
|
Source: | |||||||||
- Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.
Perak
| Party | Candidates | Vote | Seats | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Won | % | +/– | |||||
| National Front[lower-alpha 1] | BN | 52 | 44 | 84.62 | -7 | ||||
| United Malays National Organisation | UMNO | 26 | 50.00 | -4 | |||||
| Malaysian Chinese Association | MCA | 12 | 23.08 | -2 | |||||
| Malaysian People's Movement Party | Gerakan | 3 | 5.77 | -1 | |||||
| Malaysian Indian Congress | MIC | 3 | 5.77 | 0 | |||||
| People's Progressive Party | PPP | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | |||||
| Democratic Action Party | DAP | 4 | 7.69 | +3 | |||||
| Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party | PAS | 3 | 5.77 | +3 | |||||
| National Justice Party | KeADILan | 1 | 1.92 | New | |||||
| Valid votes | |||||||||
| Invalid/blank votes | |||||||||
| Total votes (voter turnout: %) | 100.00 | 52 | 100.00 | 0 | |||||
| Did not vote | |||||||||
| Registered voters | |||||||||
| Voting age population (aged 21 years and above) | |||||||||
| Perak's population | |||||||||
|
Source: | |||||||||
- Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.
Pahang
| Party | Candidates | Vote | Seats | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Won | % | +/– | |||||
| National Front[lower-alpha 1] | BN | 38 | 30 | 78.95 | -7 | ||||
| United Malays National Organisation | UMNO | 21 | 55.26 | -7 | |||||
| Malaysian Chinese Association | MCA | 7 | 18.42 | 0 | |||||
| Malaysian People's Movement Party | Gerakan | 1 | 2.63 | 0 | |||||
| Malaysian Indian Congress | MIC | 1 | 2.63 | 0 | |||||
| Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party | PAS | 6 | 15.79 | +6 | |||||
| Democratic Action Party | DAP | 1 | 2.63 | 0 | |||||
| National Justice Party | KeADILan | 1 | 2.63 | New | |||||
| Valid votes | |||||||||
| Invalid/blank votes | |||||||||
| Total votes (voter turnout: %) | 100.00 | 38 | 100.00 | 0 | |||||
| Did not vote | |||||||||
| Registered voters | |||||||||
| Voting age population (aged 21 years and above) | |||||||||
| Pahang's population | |||||||||
|
Source: | |||||||||
- Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.
Selangor
| Party | Candidates | Vote | Seats | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Won | % | +/– | |||||
| National Front[lower-alpha 1] | BN | 48 | 42 | 87.50 | -3 | ||||
| United Malays National Organisation | UMNO | 26 | 54.17 | -4 | |||||
| Malaysian Chinese Association | MCA | 11 | 22.92 | 0 | |||||
| Malaysian Indian Congress | MIC | 3 | 6.25 | 0 | |||||
| Malaysian People's Movement Party | Gerakan | 2 | 4.17 | +1 | |||||
| Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party | PAS | 4 | 8.33 | +4 | |||||
| Democratic Action Party | DAP | 1 | 2.08 | -2 | |||||
| National Justice Party | KeADILan | 1 | 2.08 | New | |||||
| Independents | IND | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | |||||
| Valid votes | |||||||||
| Invalid/blank votes | |||||||||
| Total votes (voter turnout: %) | 100.00 | 48 | 100.00 | 0 | |||||
| Did not vote | |||||||||
| Registered voters | |||||||||
| Voting age population (aged 21 years and above) | |||||||||
| Selangor's population | |||||||||
|
Source: | |||||||||
- Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.
Negeri Sembilan
| Party | Candidates | Vote | Seats | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Won | % | +/– | |||||
| National Front[lower-alpha 1] | BN | 32 | 32 | 100.00 | +2 | ||||
| United Malays National Organisation | UMNO | 20 | 20 | 62.50 | 0 | ||||
| Malaysian Chinese Association | MCA | 9 | 9 | 28.13 | +2 | ||||
| Malaysian Indian Congress | MIC | 2 | 2 | 6.25 | 0 | ||||
| Malaysian People's Movement Party | Gerakan | 1 | 1 | 3.13 | 0 | ||||
| Democratic Action Party | DAP | 0 | 0.00 | -2 | |||||
| Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party | PAS | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | |||||
| Valid votes | |||||||||
| Invalid/blank votes | |||||||||
| Total votes (voter turnout: %) | 100.00 | 32 | 100.00 | 0 | |||||
| Did not vote | |||||||||
| Registered voters | |||||||||
| Voting age population (aged 21 years and above) | |||||||||
| Negeri Sembilan's population | |||||||||
|
Source: | |||||||||
- Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.
Malacca
| Party | Candidates | Vote | Seats | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Won | % | +/– | |||||
| National Front[lower-alpha 1] | BN | 25 | 21 | 84.00 | -1 | ||||
| United Malays National Organisation | UMNO | 16 | 64.00 | 0 | |||||
| Malaysian Chinese Association | MCA | 4 | 16.00 | -1 | |||||
| Malaysian Indian Congress | MIC | 1 | 4.00 | 0 | |||||
| Democratic Action Party | DAP | 4 | 16.00 | +1 | |||||
| Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party | PAS | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | |||||
| Valid votes | |||||||||
| Invalid/blank votes | |||||||||
| Total votes (voter turnout: %) | 100.00 | 25 | 100.00 | 0 | |||||
| Did not vote | |||||||||
| Registered voters | |||||||||
| Voting age population (aged 21 years and above) | |||||||||
| Malacca's population | |||||||||
|
Source: | |||||||||
- Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.
Johor
| Party | Candidates | Vote | Seats | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Won | % | +/– | |||||
| National Front[lower-alpha 1] | BN | 40 | 40 | 100.00 | 0 | ||||
| United Malays National Organisation | UMNO | 25 | 62.50 | 0 | |||||
| Malaysian Chinese Association | MCA | 11 | 27.50 | 0 | |||||
| Malaysian Indian Congress | MIC | 2 | 5.00 | 0 | |||||
| Malaysian People's Movement Party | Gerakan | 2 | 5.00 | 0 | |||||
| Democratic Action Party | DAP | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | |||||
| Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party | PAS | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | |||||
| Valid votes | |||||||||
| Invalid/blank votes | |||||||||
| Total votes (voter turnout: %) | 100.00 | 40 | 100.00 | 0 | |||||
| Did not vote | |||||||||
| Registered voters | |||||||||
| Voting age population (aged 21 years and above) | |||||||||
| Johor's population | |||||||||
|
Source: | |||||||||
- Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.
Sabah
| Party | Candidates | Vote | Seats | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Won | % | +/– | |||||
| National Front[lower-alpha 1] | BN | 48 | 31 | 64.58 | +8 | ||||
| United Malays National Organisation | UMNO | 24 | 24 | 50.00 | +5 | ||||
| Sabah Progressive Party | SAPP | 5 | 3 | 6.25 | 0 | ||||
| Liberal Democratic Party | LDP | 2 | 2 | 4.17 | +1 | ||||
| Sabah Democratic Party | PDS | 12 | 2 | 4.17 | New | ||||
| Malaysian Chinese Association | MCA | 1 | 0 | 0.00 | New | ||||
| United Sabah People's Party | PBRS | 2 | 0 | 0.00 | New | ||||
| Angkatan Keadilan Rakyat Bersatu | AKAR | 2 | 0 | 0.00 | New | ||||
| United Sabah Party | PBS | 48 | 17 | 35.42 | -8 | ||||
| Federated Sabah People's Front | BERSEKUTU | 48 | 0 | 0.00 | New | ||||
| United Democratic Sabah People's Power Party | SETIA | 21 | 0 | 0.00 | New | ||||
| Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party | PAS | 6 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | ||||
| United Pasok Nunukragang National Organisation | PASOK | 1 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | ||||
| Independents | IND | 27 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | ||||
| Valid votes | |||||||||
| Invalid/blank votes | |||||||||
| Total votes (voter turnout: %) | 100.00 | 48 | 100.00 | 0 | |||||
| Did not vote | |||||||||
| Registered voters | |||||||||
| Voting age population (aged 21 years and above) | |||||||||
| Sabah's population | |||||||||
|
Source: | |||||||||
- Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.
gollark: If they're very big during planetary formation they pick up hydrogen and become gas giants, I think.
gollark: It probably depends on how you define "planet", since it's just going to be "slightly smaller brown dwarf star" or something.
gollark: Or, well, very hard but in different ways.
gollark: Upload your brain to a computer and launch starwisps at other stars, much simpler.
gollark: Maybe also cost-efficiency?
References
- Swee-Hock Saw, K. Kesavapany (2006). Malaysia recent trends and challenges. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. 97–8. ISBN 981-230-339-1.
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