1988 Iowa Hawkeyes football team

The 1988 Iowa Hawkeyes football team represented the University of Iowa in the 1988 NCAA Division I-A football season. The Hawkeyes played their home games at Kinnick Stadium and were led by legendary coach Hayden Fry. The 1988 season marked the 100th season of Iowa Hawkeyes football.

1988 Iowa Hawkeyes football
Peach Bowl, L 23–28 vs. NC State
Conference	Big Ten Conference
1988 record	6–4–3 (4–1–3 Big Ten)
Head coach	Hayden Fry (10th season)
Offensive coordinator	Bill Snyder (10th season)
Defensive coordinator	Bill Brashier (10th season)
MVP	Marv Cook Joe Mott
Captain	Marv Cook Dave Haight Chuck Hartlieb Bob Kratch Jim Reilly
Home stadium	Kinnick Stadium (Capacity: 67,700)

1988 Big Ten Conference football standings
	Conf							Overall
Team	W		L		T			W		L		T
No. 4 Michigan $	7	–	0	–	1			9	–	2	–	1
Michigan State	6	–	1	–	1			6	–	5	–	1
Illinois	5	–	2	–	1			6	–	5	–	1
Iowa	4	–	1	–	3			6	–	4	–	3
No. 20 Indiana	5	–	3	–	0			8	–	3	–	1
Purdue	3	–	5	–	0			4	–	7	–	0
Ohio State	2	–	5	–	1			4	–	6	–	1
Northwestern	2	–	5	–	1			2	–	8	–	1
Wisconsin	1	–	7	–	0			1	–	10	–	0
Minnesota	0	–	6	–	2			2	–	7	–	2
$ – Conference champion Rankings from AP Poll

Schedule

Date	Opponent	Rank	Site	TV	Result	Attendance
September 3	at Hawaii*	No. 9	Aloha Stadium Honolulu, HI		L 24–27	46,721
September 10	at Kansas State*	No. 17	KSU Stadium Manhattan, Kansas		W 45–10	21,000
September 17	Colorado*	No. 19	Kinnick Stadium Iowa City, Iowa		L 21–24	67,700
September 24	Iowa State*		Kinnick Stadium Iowa City, Iowa (Cy-Hawk Trophy)		W 10–3	67,700
October 1	at Michigan State		Spartan Stadium East Lansing, Michigan	ABC	T 10–10	76,348
October 8	Wisconsin		Kinnick Stadium Iowa City, Iowa		W 31–6	67,700
October 15	No. 15 Michigan		Kinnick Stadium Iowa City, Iowa	ABC	T 17–17	67,700
October 22	at Purdue		Ross–Ade Stadium West Lafayette, Indiana		W 31–7	62,264
October 29	at Indiana		Memorial Stadium Bloomington, Indiana	ABC	L 34–45	52,128
November 5	Northwestern		Kinnick Stadium Iowa City, Iowa		W 35–10	67,700
November 12	Ohio State		Kinnick Stadium Iowa City, Iowa		T 24–24	67,700
November 19	at Minnesota		Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome Minneapolis (Floyd of Rosedale)		W 31–22	63,894
December 31	vs. North Carolina State*		Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium Atlanta (Peach Bowl)	Mizlou	L 23–28	44,635
*Non-conference game Rankings from AP Poll released prior to the game

[1]

Roster

1988 Iowa Hawkeyes football team roster
Players			Coaches
Offense Pos. # Name Class OL 75 Greg Aegerter So C 50 Bill Anderson Jr FB 23 Richard Bass Sr RB 43 Nick Bell So TE 84 Marv Cook Sr OL 63 Jeff Croston Sr OL 58 Greg Divis WR 82 Jon Filloon Fr RB 22 Grant Goodman Sr WR 16 Deven Harberts Sr QB 8 Chuck Hartlieb Sr FB 20 David Hudson Sr OG 70 Bob Kratch Sr WR 26 Peter Marciano Sr TE 85 John Palmer Sr QB 14 Tom Poholsky Jr OL 67 Jim Poynton Sr RB 33 Kevin Ringer Sr QB 7 Matt Rodgers Fr RB 32 Mike Saunders Fr OL   Bob Schmitt RB 21 Tony Stewart So OL 71 Chuck Waggoner Sr TE 88 Tom Ward Sr WR 2 Travis Watkins Jr	Defense Pos. # Name Class DE 48 Tyrone Berrie Sr DB 29 Greg Brown DE 5 Mike Burke NG 54 Rod Davis Fr LB 31 John Derby Fr DE 96 Ron Geater Fr CB 45 Merton Hanks So DE 83 Mike Ertz Sr LB 66 Melvin Foster So DL 64 Dave Haight Sr FS 45 Merton Hanks So DL 54 Eric Higgins Sr DB 42 Tork Hook Sr DL 71 Jim Johnson So DL 51 Jeff Koeppel Jr LB 34 Vernon Little Sr DE 97 Joe Mott Sr DE 71 Chris Pigott Sr LB 35 Brad Quast Jr LB 95 Jim Reilly Sr LB 38 Shawon Respress Sr DE 91 Sean Ridley Sr DB 44 Keaton Smiley Sr DB 41 Mark Stoops Sr DB 15 Brian Wise Fr DB 10 Anthony Wright Jr	Special teams Pos. # Name Class K   Mark Adams K 11 Jeff Skillett Fr	Head coach Hayden Fry Coordinators/assistant coaches Bill Snyder – Offensive Coordinator/Quarterbacks Bill Brashier – Defensive Coordinator Kirk Ferentz – Offensive line Carl Jackson – Running backs Del Miller – Offensive assistant Dan McCarney – Defensive line Don Patterson – Tight ends Bernie Wyatt – Defensive Ends/Recruiting Coordinator Bill Dervich – Strength and Conditioning Legend (C) Team captain (S) Suspended (I) Ineligible Injured Redshirt

Game summaries

Hawaii

1 2 3 4 Total #9 Iowa 7 14 0 3 24 • Hawaii 7 7 0 13 27 Date: September 3 Location: Aloha Stadium, Honolulu, Hawaii Game start: 7:06 PM Elapsed time: 3:20 Game attendance: 46,721 Game weather: 82° F, Cloudy with a few showers, Wind ENE 13 mph Referee: Pat Sweeney

Scoring summary 1 3:13 Hawaii Fakava 28-yard run (Elam kick) Hawaii 7–0 1 2:20 Iowa Stewart 67-yard run (Skillett kick) Tied 7–7 2 10:59 Iowa Stewart 6-yard run (Skillett kick) Iowa 14–7 2 6:49 Hawaii Fakava 1-yard run (Elam kick) Tied 14–14 2 2:09 Iowa Hudson 14-yard pass from Hartlieb (Skillett kick) Iowa 21–14 4 12:57 Hawaii Fakava 5-yard run (Elam kick) Tied 21–21 4 9:58 Hawaii Elam 47-yard field goal Hawaii 24–21 4 7:54 Iowa Skillett 44-yard field goal Tied 24–24 4 1:36 Hawaii Elam 23-yard field goal Hawaii 27–24

See also: 1988 Hawaii Rainbow Warriors football team

Overall record	Last meeting	Result
2–0	1984	W 17–6

After surrendering a 23-yard field goal by freshman Jason Elam with 1:36 left in the game, Iowa quickly drove to the Hawaii 20-yard line with 48 seconds remaining. A false start penalty pushed the Hawkeyes back five yards, then a devastating holding penalty wiped out a potential go-ahead touchdown from Chuck Hartlieb to Travis Watkins with 40 seconds left. After converting from the same distance midway through the 4th quarter, freshman kicker Jeff Skillett left a 44-yard field goal attempt short that would have tied the game with 17 seconds on the clock.[2]

Kansas State

1 2 3 4 Total • #17 Iowa 10 7 21 7 45 Kansas State 0 10 0 0 10 Date: September 10 Location: KSU Stadium, Manhattan, Kansas Game start: 1:00 PM CDT Elapsed time: 3:15 Game attendance: 21,000 Game weather: 90° F, Sunny, Wind SSW 16 mph Referee: Sam Maphis

Scoring summary 1 11:35 IOWA Stewart 1-yard run (Skillett kick) IOWA 7–0 1 5:19 IOWA Skillett 22-yard field goal IOWA 10–0 2 13:25 KSU Washington 12-yard pass from Straw (Porter kick) IOWA 10–7 2 7:15 IOWA Watkins 32-yard pass from Hartlieb (Skillett kick) IOWA 17–7 2 5:15 KSU Porter 38-yard field goal IOWA 17–10 3 12:26 IOWA Hartlieb 1-yard run (Skillett kick) IOWA 24-10 3 9:00 IOWA Stewart 1-yard run (Skillett kick) IOWA 31-10 3 5:16 IOWA Quast 94-yard interception return (Skillett kick) IOWA 38-10 4 6:09 IOWA Wise 81-yard interception return (Skillett kick) IOWA 45–10

See also: 1988 Kansas State Wildcats football team

Overall record	Last meeting	Result
4–0	1987	W 38–13

The Hawkeyes' 35-point victory extended the Wildcats' winless streak to 18 consecutive games. Iowa Offensive coordinator Bill Snyder was hired as Head coach at Kansas State following the regular season.[3]

Colorado

1 2 3 4 Total • Colorado 14 0 3 7 24 #19 Iowa 0 14 7 0 21 Date: September 17 Location: Kinnick Stadium, Iowa City, Iowa Game start: 1:05 PM CDT Elapsed time: 3:00 Game attendance: 67,700 Game weather: 85° F, Sunny, Wind SW 15-18 mph Referee: Gil Marchman Source: Box Score and Game Story

Scoring summary 1 5:28 CU J.J. Flannigan 5-yard run (Hannah kick) Colorado 7–0 1 2:20 CU Sal Aunese 17-yard run (Hannah kick) Colorado 14–0 2 6:44 Iowa Merton Hanks recovery of a blocked punt (Skillett kick) Colorado 14–7 2 2:42 Iowa David Hudson 3-yard run (Skillett kick) Tied 14–14 3 9:13 CU Eric Hannah 28-yard field goal Colorado 17–14 3 3:20 Iowa Tom Ward 19-yard pass from Chuck Hartlieb (Skillett kick) Iowa 21–17 4 1:55 CU Aunese 1-yard run (Hannah kick) Colorado 24–21

See also: 1988 Colorado Buffaloes football team

Overall record	Last meeting	Result
First meeting

Colorado coach Bill McCartney indicated this win over the Hawkeyes was a major win for the Colorado football program. The Buffaloes finished the 1988 season with an 8-4 record before consecutive 11-win seasons in 1989 and 1990, the latter capped by an AP National Championship.[4]

Iowa State

1 2 3 4 Total Iowa State 0 3 0 0 3 • Iowa 0 3 7 0 10 Date: September 24 Location: Kinnick Stadium, Iowa City, Iowa Game start: 11:15 AM CDT Elapsed time: 3:00 Game attendance: 67,700 Game weather: 76° F, Sunny, Wind SW 7-10 mph Referee: Tom Quinn Source: Box Score and Game Story

Scoring summary 2 13:04 IOWA Skillett 32-yard field goal IOWA 3–0 2 0:46 ISU Shudak 40-yard field goal Tied 3–3 3 6:06 IOWA Stewart 26-yard pass from Hartlieb (Skillett kick) IOWA 10–3

See also: 1988 Iowa State Cyclones football team and Cy-Hawk Trophy

Overall record	Last meeting	Result
23–12	1987	W 48–9

The win over the Cyclones was the Hawkeyes sixth consecutive over their in-state rivals.[5]

Michigan State

1 2 3 4 Total Iowa 0 3 7 0 10 Michigan State 3 0 7 0 10 Date: October 1 Location: Spartan Stadium, East Lansing, Michigan Game attendance: 76,348 Television network: ABC Sports Source: Box Score and Game Story

Scoring summary 1 Mich St Langeloh 37-yard field goal Mich St 3–0 2 IOWA Skillett 28-yard field goal Tied 3–3 3 Mich St Rison 48-yard pass from McAllister (Langeloh kick) Tied 3–3 3 6:06 IOWA Filloon 5-yard pass from Stewart (Skillett kick) Tied 10–10

See also: 1988 Michigan State Spartans football team

Overall record	Last meeting	Result
12–12–1	1987	L 14–19

[6]

Wisconsin

1 2 3 4 Total Wisconsin 0 3 0 3 6 • Iowa 3 6 8 14 31 Date: October 8 Location: Kinnick Stadium, Iowa City, Iowa Game attendance: 67,700 Source: Box Score and Game Story

Scoring summary 1 IOWA Skillett 48-yard field goal IOWA 3–0 2 IOWA Skillett 33-yard field goal IOWA 6–0 2 IOWA Skillett 37-yard field goal IOWA 9–0 2 Wisc Mehring 42-yard field goal IOWA 9–3 3 IOWA Stewart 9-yard run (Hudson pass from Hartlieb) IOWA 17-3 4 Wisc Mehring 41-yard field goal IOWA 17–6 4 IOWA Hudson 3-yard run (Skillett kick) IOWA 24–6 4 IOWA Harberts 4-yard pass from Hartlieb (Skillett kick) IOWA 31–6

See also: 1988 Wisconsin Badgers football team

Overall record	Last meeting	Result
29–34–2	1987	W 31–10

[7]

Michigan

1 2 3 4 Total Michigan 3 7 7 0 17 Iowa 7 10 0 0 17 Date: October 15 Location: Kinnick Stadium, Iowa City, Iowa Game attendance: 67,700 Television network: ABC Source: Box Score and Game Story

Scoring summary 1 IOWA Cook 5-yard pass from Hartlieb (Skillett kick) IOWA 7–0 1 Mich Gillette 43-yard field goal IOWA 7–3 2 IOWA Skillett 32-yard field goal IOWA 10–3 2 IOWA Hudson 5-yard run (Skillett kick) IOWA 17–3 2 Mich Taylor 5-yard run (Gillette kick) IOWA 17–10 3 Mich Kolesar 24-yard pass from Taylor (Gillette kick) Tied 17–17

See also: 1988 Michigan Wolverines football team

Overall record	Last meeting	Result
7–29–3	1987	L 10–37

A 17-17 tie at Kinnick Stadium was the lone blemish on an otherwise perfect Big Ten season for the Wolverines. After opening the season with consecutive losses, 19-17 at eventual National Champion Notre Dame and 31-30 at home to the team that finished #2 in the final polls, Miami (a game Michigan led 30-14 in the 4th quarter), Michigan went 9-0-1 the rest of the season including a Rose Bowl victory to finish with a #4 ranking.

[8]

Purdue

1 2 3 4 Total • Iowa 7 3 7 14 31 Purdue 7 0 0 0 7 Date: October 22 Location: Ross–Ade Stadium, West Lafayette, Indiana Game attendance: 62,264 Source: Box Score and Game Story

Scoring summary 1 IOWA Hudson 8-yard run (Skillett kick) IOWA 7–0 1 Purdue Schramayr 9-yard pass from Fox (Sullivan kick) Tied 7–7 2 IOWA Skillett 22-yard field goal IOWA 10–7 3 IOWA Harberts 11-yard pass from Hartlieb (Skillett kick) IOWA 17–7 4 IOWA Bass 9-yard run (Skillett kick) IOWA 24–7 4 IOWA Saunders 72-yard run (Skillett kick) IOWA 31–7

See also: 1988 Purdue Boilermakers football team

Overall record	Last meeting	Result
22–40–2	1987	W 38–14

[9]

Indiana

1 2 3 4 Total Iowa 3 8 15 8 34 • Indiana 14 21 0 10 45 Date: October 29 Location: Memorial Stadium (Indiana), Bloomington, Indiana Game attendance: 52,128 Television network: ABC Sports Source: Box Score and Game Story

Scoring summary 1 Indiana Turner 38-yard pass from Schnell (Stoyanovich kick) Indiana 7–0 1 IOWA Skillett 38-yard field goal Indiana 7–3 1 Indiana Thompson 1-yard run (Stoyanovich kick) Indiana 14–3 2 Indiana Schnell 2-yard run (Stoyanovich kick) Indiana 21–3 2 Indiana Miller 3-yard pass from Schnell (Stoyanovich kick) Indiana 28–3 2 Indiana Thompson 4-yard run (Stoyanovich kick) Indiana 35–3 2 IOWA Filloon 14-yard pass from Hartlieb (Cook pass from Hartlieb) Indiana 35–11 3 IOWA Stewart 3-yard run (Hartlieb pass from Saunders) Indiana 35–19 3 IOWA Harberts 59-yard pass from Hartlieb (Skillett kick) Indiana 35–26 4 Indiana Thompson 1-yard run (Stoyanovich kick) Indiana 42–26 4 IOWA Bell 12-yard pass from Hartlieb (Cook pass from Hartlieb) Indiana 42–34 4 Indiana Stoyanovich 40-yard field goal Indiana 45–34

See also: 1988 Indiana Hoosiers football team

Overall record	Last meeting	Result
30–19–4	1987	W 29–21

Though Iowa finished only 4th in the final Big Ten standings, this was their lone conference loss. Chuck Hartlieb set the Iowa single game passing record with 558 yards through the air. Wide receiver Deven Harberts had 11 receptions for 233 yards and a touchdown.[10]

Northwestern

1 2 3 4 Total Northwestern 0 0 3 7 10 • Iowa 7 14 0 14 35 Date: November 5 Location: Kinnick Stadium, Iowa City, Iowa Game attendance: 67,700 Source: Box Score and Game Story

Scoring summary 1 9:06 IOWA Bass 11-yard run (Skillett kick) IOWA 7–0 2 8:54 IOWA Bell 6-yard run (Skillett kick) IOWA 14–0 2 0:36 IOWA Stewart 1-yard run (Skillett kick) IOWA 21–0 3 8:01 NW Adler 31-yard field goal IOWA 21–3 4 13:01 IOWA Bell 3-yard run (Skillett kick) IOWA 28-3 4 11:25 IOWA Cook 3-yard pass from Hartlieb (Skillett kick) IOWA 35-3 4 NW Buchanan 13-yard pass from O'Brien (Adler kick) IOWA 35–10

See also: 1988 Northwestern Wildcats football team

Overall record	Last meeting	Result
34–14–3	1987	W 52–24

[11]

Ohio State

1 2 3 4 Total Ohio State 7 7 7 3 24 Iowa 14 7 0 3 24 Date: November 12 Location: Kinnick Stadium, Iowa City, Iowa Game attendance: 67,700 Source: Box Score and Game Story

Scoring summary 1 IOWA Stewart 1-yard run (Skillett kick) IOWA 7–0 1 IOWA Cook 29-yard pass from Hartlieb (Skillett kick) IOWA 14–0 1 OSU Mike Sullivan 13-yard interception return (O'Morrow kick) IOWA 14–7 2 IOWA Harberts 48-yard pass from Hartlieb (Skillett kick) IOWA 21–7 2 OSU Ellis 2-yard pass from Frey (O'Morrow kick) IOWA 21–14 3 OSU Graham 7-yard run (O'Morrow kick) Tied 21-21 4 8:22 OSU O'Morrow 39-yard field goal OSU 24-21 4 0:16 IOWA Skillett 40-yard field goal Tied 24–24

See also: 1988 Ohio State Buckeyes football team

Overall record	Last meeting	Result
12–32–2	1987	W 29–27

[12]

Minnesota

1 2 3 4 Total • Iowa 6 6 13 6 31 Minnesota 3 10 9 0 22 Date: November 19 Location: Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome, Minneapolis, Minnesota Game attendance: 63,894 Source: Box Score and Game Story

Scoring summary 1 IOWA Mike Saunders 1-yard run (kick failed) IOWA 6–0 1 Minn Brent Berglund 27-yard field goal IOWA 6–3 2 IOWA Mike Saunders 1-yard run (conversion failed) IOWA 12–3 2 Minn Berglund 50-yard field goal IOWA 12–6 2 Minn Chris Gaiters 11-yard pass from Schaffner (Berglund kick) Minn 13–12 3 IOWA Jerald Moore 4-yard pass from Hartlieb (pass failed) IOWA 18–13 3 Minn Berglund 20-yard field goal IOWA 18–16 3 Minn Jason Bruce 24-yard pass from Schaffner (conversion failed) Minn 22-18 3 IOWA Mike Saunders 1-yard run (Skillett kick) IOWA 25–22 4 IOWA George Murphy 22-yard field goal IOWA 28–22 4 IOWA George Murphy 40-yard field goal IOWA 31–22

See also: 1988 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team

Overall record	Last meeting	Result
27–52–2	1987	W 34–20

[13]

vs. NC State (Peach Bowl)

Peach Bowl

1 2 3 4 Total Iowa 3 7 7 6 23 • NC State 7 21 0 0 28 Date: December 31 Location: Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium, Atlanta Game start: 1:17 PM Elapsed time: 3:33 Game attendance: 44,635 Game weather: 50° F, Overcast, Wind SE 5 mph Referee: Nick Define TV announcers (Mizlou): Ray Scott and Ed Biles

Scoring summary 1 12:51 NC State Davenport 1-yard touchdown run (Hartman kick) NC State 7–0 1 8:08 Iowa Murphy 30-yard field goal NC State 7–3 2 14:50 NC State Peebles 75-yard pass from Montgomery (Hartman kick) NC State 14–3 2 13:24 NC State Jackson 2-yard run (Hartman kick) NC State 21–3 2 10:37 NC State Jackson 30-yard run (Hartman kick) NC State 28–3 2 1:58 Iowa Harberts 8-yard pass from Hartlieb (Murphy kick) NC State 28-10 3 12:54 Iowa Harberts 22-yard pass from Hartlieb (Murphy kick) NC State 28-17 4 0:08 Iowa Smith 7-yard pass from Hartlieb (pass failed) NC State 28–23

Main article: 1988 Peach Bowl (December)

See also: 1988 NC State Wolfpack football team

Overall record	Last meeting	Result
0–1	1965	L 20–28

In a game played through a steady rain, the teams combined for 14 turnovers (7 each) and 12 fumbles (8 lost). NC State opened up a 28-3 second quarter lead by converting three Hawkeye fumbles into touchdowns. Iowa fought until the end behind Chuck Hartlieb's 428 passing yards.

[14] [15]

Postseason awards

• Marv Cook, Tight end – Consensus First-team All-American
• Dave Haight, Defensive tackle – First-team All-American

See also: 1988 College Football All-America Team and 1988 All-Big Ten Conference football team

Team players in the 1989 NFL Draft

Main article: 1989 NFL Draft

Player	Position	Round	Pick	NFL Club
Marv Cook	Tight end	3	63	New England Patriots
Bob Kratch	Guard	3	64	New York Giants
Joe Mott	Linebacker	3	70	New York Jets
Chuck Hartlieb	Quarterback	12	325	Houston Oilers

[16]

References

1. "1988 Iowa Hawkeyes Schedule and Results". sports-reference.com. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
2. "Rainbows deliver on upset threats, top No. 9 Hawks" (PDF). The Daily Iowan. September 6, 1988. p. 1B. Retrieved September 24, 2017.
3. "Iowa bombs Kansas State for 1st win" (PDF). The Daily Iowan. September 12, 1988. p. 1B. Retrieved September 24, 2017.
4. "Buffaloes stampede by Hawks: Colorado KOs No. 19 Iowa at the bell, 24-21". The Gazette. September 18, 1988. Retrieved November 4, 2015.
5. "Late interception saves Iowa". Chicago Tribune. September 25, 1988. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
6. "Iowa, Michigan St. Tie-it Figures". Chicago Tribune. October 2, 1988. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
7. "Fry's tough talk rouses Hartlieb in Iowa win". Chicago Tribune. October 9, 1988. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
8. "Michigan, Iowa Both Fit To Be Tied". Chicago Tribune. October 16, 1988. Retrieved November 4, 2015.
9. "COLLEGE FOOTBALL: Midwest; Iowa's Big Plays Rout Purdue, 31-7". The New York Times. October 23, 1988. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
10. "Indiana barely dodges Hartlieb's bullets". Chicago Tribune. October 30, 1988. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
11. "Iowa 35, Northwestern 10". Kokomo Tribune. November 6, 1988. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
12. "Iowa ties Ohio State on last-minute field goal". Chicago Tribune. November 13, 1988. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
13. "Iowa 31, Minnesota 22". UPI. November 20, 1988. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
14. "Fry Vows Iowa Will Pass In Peach, Weather Or Not". Chicago Tribune. December 31, 1988. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
15. "Peachy For N.C. State, The Pits For Iowa". Chicago Tribune. January 1, 1989. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
16. "1989 NFL Draft". pro-football-reference.com. Retrieved November 10, 2015.