1916 New Zealand census

The 1916 New Zealand census was the sixteenth national population census. The day used for the census was Sunday, 15 October 1916.[4] The census of the Dominion of New Zealand revealed a total population of 1,149,225 - an overall increase of 90,981 or 8.59% over the 1911 census figure.[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2][5][6][7]

Sixteenth census of
the Dominion of New Zealand
General information
CountryDominion of New Zealand, British Empire
Date taken15 October 1916 (1916-10-15)
Total population1,149,225[1]
1,162,022[2]
1,162,293[3]
Percent change 8.59%
Most populous provincial districtAuckland (308,766)
Least populous provincial districtWestland (15,502)

Enumeration

In 1916 a new departure was made in connection with the enumeration of Māori. The Māori census counted 49,776 (excludes Māori counted in the European census) for a total of 52,997, fewer than 1,900 reside in the South Island.[8][9] It was decided to enumerate the (South Island) Māori with the enumeration of the European population, the same schedules being used and the work done by the same Enumerators and Sub-Enumerators as for the European population. The North Island Māori census, however, was also taken in October.

Cost

The census of 1916 witnessed an important innovation in respect of the mode of distribution and collection of the census schedules, resulting in a considerable saving of expense. This was the substitution of the machinery of the Post Office for the old system of special Enumerators.

Not only was the work performed more economically (the cost of collection was approximately £20,600 in 1911 and £17,500 in 1916), but the schedules were in much better condition than at any previous census, the proportion of incomplete entries being infinitesimal, and the necessity for queries being reduced to practically nil. A point in connection with the 1916 census was the increase in the number of Enumerators' districts—ninety-five, as compared with fifty-nine in 1911—and it is probable that the consequential reduction in the average size of the districts made for increased efficiency.

Summary

The results of the census covered these topics: (Separate Volumes) (published 1920)[10]

  • Part I Population (published 1918)
  • Part II Ages (published 1918)
  • Part III Birthplaces and Length of Residence (published 1918)
  • Part IV Religions (published 1918) (20pp)
  • Part V Education (published 1918)
  • Part VI Infirmity (published 1918)
  • Part VII Conjugal Condition (published 1918)
  • Part VIII Fertility (published 1919)
  • Part IX Occupations and Unemployment (published 1919)
  • Part X Race Aliens (published 1919)
  • Part XI Dwellings (published 1919)
  • Part XII Households (published 1920)

Appendix A Maori Census
Appendix B Population of Cook and Other Annexed Pacific Islands*
Appendix C Religious Denominations (Places of Worship etc.) and Libraries
Appendix D Census of Industrial Manufacture*
Appendix E Poultry and Bees

Population and dwellings

The principal natural divisions in New Zealand are the North, South, and Stewart Islands. These contain nearly the whole population of European descent, the Cook and other annexed islands being inhabited almost solely by Natives.
The populations of the various provincial districts are as follows:[11]

Provincial DistrictMalesFemalesTotal population
Auckland155,298153,468308,766
Taranaki28,77327,15055,925
Hawke's Bay27,19427,07354,267
Wellington119,572112,542232,114
Totals, North Island330,839320,233651,072
Marlborough8,5068,10216,608
Nelson22,41520,83643,251
Westland8,0887,41415,502
Canterbury88,08593,784181,869
Otago
     Otago Portion63,54667,972131,518
     Southland Portion30,29629,33359,629
Totals, South Island^220,936227,441448,377
Dominion of New Zealand551,771547,6741,099,449
^Includes Stewart Island and Chatham Islands

Distribution
Distribution Males Females Total
Population of the Dominiona551,775547,6741,099,449
Māori populationb25,93123,84049,771
     Morioris at Chatham Islands235
Totals, New Zealand577,715571,5101,149,225

a European, (Māori living as Europeans) and others. (excluding Māori and residents of Cook and other Pacific islands).
b Includes 3,529 half-castes living as Māoris.

Population of Cook and other annexed islands†6,5536,24412,797
Total, (excluding Samoa)584,261577,7611,162,022
Samoa (Expeditionary Force and New Zealand civilians)24625271
Total, Pacific Islands584,507577,7861,162,293
Source:[12][13][14]

Notes: † Includes 112 soldiers in camp in New Zealand.

Birthplace

Question 8 on the census form asked the question: (a.) Country where born... (not county, town or subdivision.) If born outside the British Empire or if born at sea, add "P." if a British subject by parentage, add "N". if a British subject by nationalization.[15] The figures show that of the total population of specified birthplace (1,097,841), 1,077,808, or 98.17 per cent., were born on British soil, 1.70 per cent, on foreign soil, and 0.13 per cent, at sea.[16] For the overseas-born census usually resident population:

Country Population Percentage
New Zealand-born794,13972.34%
Totals, Overseas-born305,31027.66%
England140,99712.84%
Scotland51,9514.73%
Commonwealth of Australia45,5854.15%
Ireland37,3803.40%
Wales2,1970.20%
Other British possessions5,5590.51%
     Totals, British soil1,077,80898.17%
Austria-Hungary2,3650.22%
German Empire2,9990.27%
Denmark2,2440.20%
Chinese Empire2,0410.19%
Other foreign countries9,0070.82%
Total foreign18,6561.70%
At sea1,3770.13%
Not stated1,608-
Total that specified a birthplace1,097,841100.0%
New Zealand1,099,449100.0%
Source: Statistics NZ[17]

Race

The census form asked the question (a.) Country where born... (b.) Race.[18])

RaceMalesFemalesTotal populationPercent
European547,505545,5191,093,02495.11%
Māori27,44625,55152,9974.61%
Others2,7574473,2040.28%
     Chinese2,0171302,147-
     Syrians267192459-
     Hindus16714181-
     Negroes791695-
     Japanese55459-
New Zealand577,715571,5101,149,225100.0%
Source:[19][20][21]

Māori census
LocationTotal population
North Island47,545
South Island1,590
Stewart Island4
Chatham Islands
     Māoris253
     Morioris5
Māori wives living with European husbands379
Totals, New Zealand49,776
Source: (excludes Māori living as Europeans.)[22]

Religion

Members of Christian denominations formed 95.71 per cent. of those who made answer to the inquiry at the last census; non-Christian sects were 0.44 per cent.; and those who described themselves as of no religion 0.39 per cent.; whilst "indefinite" religions constituted 1.12 per cent.

Denomination1916 census
NumberPercentage
Christian1,048,47995.71%
    Church of England459,02142.90%
    Presbyterians260,65924.36%
    Methodists106,0249.91%
    Baptists20,8721.95%
    Congregationalists8,2210.77%
    Lutherans3,5300.33%
    Salvation Army10,0040.94%
    Brethren9,7580.91%
    Church of Christ9,2490.86%
    Unitarians1,4020.13%
    Society of Friends4310.04%
    Roman; Catholics and Catholics undefined151,60514.17%
    Other Christians7,7030.72%
Hebrews2,3410.22%
Other specified religions14,8171.39%
No religion4,3110.40%
Totals, specified religions1,069,948100.00%
Object to state25,577-
Unspecified3,924-
Grand totals, New Zealand1,099,449-

Notes
  1. Excludes members of armed forces absent overseas.
  2. The population including the Cook and other annexed Pacific islands raises to 1,162,022.
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References
  1. Total and Māori populations, 1858–2013 Censuses of Population and Dwellings (Table 4)
  2. REPORT ON THE RESULTS OF A CENSUS OF THE POPULATION OF THE DOMINION OF NEW ZEALAND TAKEN FOR THE NIGHT OF THE 15th OCTOBER, 1916.
  3. CENSUS, 1916. RETURN SHOWING THE POPULATION OF THE DOMINION (EXCLUSIVE OF MAORIS AND THE POPULATION OF THE ANNEXED PACIFIC ISLANDS), WITH DETAILS FOR COUNTIES, BOROUGHS, ELECTORAL DISTRICTS, ETC.
  4. "Dates of New Zealand censuses since 1851". Stats.govt.nz. Archived from the original on 16 November 2015. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
  5. Total and Māori populations, 1858–2013 Censuses of Population and Dwellings (Table 4)
  6. REPORT ON THE RESULTS OF A CENSUS OF THE POPULATION OF THE DOMINION OF NEW ZEALAND TAKEN FOR THE NIGHT OF THE 15th OCTOBER, 1916.
  7. CENSUS, 1916. RETURN SHOWING THE POPULATION OF THE DOMINION (EXCLUSIVE OF MAORIS AND THE POPULATION OF THE ANNEXED PACIFIC ISLANDS), WITH DETAILS FOR COUNTIES, BOROUGHS, ELECTORAL DISTRICTS, ETC.
  8. May the People Live: A History of Maori Health Development 1900-1920 By Raeburn Lange
  9. Census of the Maori Population 1916
  10. Chapter 6: Census of Population and Dwellings pp 46–75
  11. REPORT ON THE RESULTS OF A CENSUS OF THE POPULATION OF THE DOMINION OF NEW ZEALAND TAKEN FOR THE NIGHT OF THE 15th OCTOBER, 1916.
  12. REPORT ON THE RESULTS OF A CENSUS OF THE POPULATION OF THE DOMINION OF NEW ZEALAND TAKEN FOR THE NIGHT OF THE 15th OCTOBER, 1916.
  13. CENSUS, 1916. RETURN SHOWING THE POPULATION OF THE DOMINION (EXCLUSIVE OF MAORIS AND THE POPULATION OF THE ANNEXED PACIFIC ISLANDS), WITH DETAILS FOR COUNTIES, BOROUGHS, ELECTORAL DISTRICTS, ETC.
  14. New Zealand Official Yearbook 1997 (Section -Population, age, sex)
  15. Census question regarding ethnicity, 1916–2006
  16. REPORT ON THE RESULTS OF A CENSUS OF THE POPULATION OF THE DOMINION OF NEW ZEALAND TAKEN FOR THE NIGHT OF THE 15th OCTOBER, 1916.
  17. REPORT ON THE RESULTS OF A CENSUS OF THE POPULATION OF THE DOMINION OF NEW ZEALAND TAKEN FOR THE NIGHT OF THE 15th OCTOBER, 1916.
  18. Census question regarding ethnicity, 1916–2006
  19. DOMINION POPULATION COMMITTEE (REPORTS OF THE) (Mr. James Thorn, Chairman) (Page:18)
  20. New Zealand. Census and Statistics Dept 1926
  21. New Zealand Official Yearbook 1997 (Section -Population, age, sex)
  22. Census of the Maori Population October 1916
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