14.5×114mm

The 14.5×114mm (.57 Cal) is a heavy machine gun and anti-materiel rifle cartridge used by the Soviet Union, the former Warsaw Pact, modern Russia, and other countries.

14.5×114mm
14.5×114mm cartridge.
TypeAnti-tank rifle, Heavy machine gun
Place of originSoviet Union
Service history
In service1941–present
Used bySoviet Union and successor states
WarsWWII, Soviet–Afghan War, War on Terror, 2011 Libyan civil war, Syrian Civil War and many other conflicts
Production history
Designed1939
Specifications
Bullet diameter14.66 mm (0.577 in)
Neck diameter16.5 mm (0.65 in)
Shoulder diameter25.50 mm (1.004 in)
Base diameter26.95 mm (1.061 in)
Rim diameter26.95 mm (1.061 in)
Rim thickness2.5 mm (0.098 in)
Case length114 mm (4.5 in)
Overall length155.80 mm (6.134 in)
Case capacity42.53 cm3 (656.3 gr H2O)
Rifling twist455 mm (1 in 17.91 in)
Maximum pressure360 MPa (52,000 psi)
Ballistic performance
Bullet mass/type Velocity Energy
59.7 g (921 gr) MDZ HEI 1,000 m/s (3,300 ft/s) 29,850 J (22,020 ft⋅lbf)
60 g (926 gr) ZP Inc.-T 1,000 m/s (3,300 ft/s) 30,000 J (22,000 ft⋅lbf)
64 g (988 gr) B-32 API 1,000 m/s (3,300 ft/s) 32,000 J (24,000 ft⋅lbf)
64.4 g (994 gr) BS AP 1,000 m/s (3,300 ft/s) 32,200 J (23,700 ft⋅lbf)
66.5 g (1,026 gr) KKV 1,000 m/s (3,300 ft/s) 33,250 J (24,520 ft⋅lbf)
Test barrel length: 1350mm (53 inches)
Source(s): Post WWII Ammunition Russian Ammunition Page

It was originally developed for the PTRS and PTRD anti-tank rifles, but was later used as the basis for the KPV heavy machine gun that formed the basis of the ZPU series anti-aircraft guns that is also the main armament of the BTR series of armoured personnel carriers from the BTR-60 to the BTR-80 and for heavy anti-materiel sniper rifles.

Cartridge dimensions

The 14.5×114mm has 42.53 ml (655 grains H2O) cartridge case capacity. The exterior shape of the case was designed to promote reliable case feeding and extraction in bolt action rifles and machine guns alike, under extreme conditions.

14.5×114mm maximum cartridge dimensions. All dimensions in millimeters (mm).

Americans would define the shoulder angle at alpha/2 = 22.5 degrees. The common rifling twist rate for this cartridge is 455 mm (1 in 17.91 in), 8 grooves, Ø lands = 14.50 mm, Ø grooves = 14.95 mm.

According to the official guidelines the 14.5×114 case can handle up to 360 MPa (52,213 psi) piezo pressure. In C.I.P. regulated countries every rifle cartridge combo has to be proofed at 125% of this maximum C.I.P. pressure to certify for sale to consumers.

Ammunition types
B-32 API projectile on the left, hardened steel core aside. Tip is black with a thin red band below. On the right, BZT API-T projectile with dark red tip and a wide red band below; hardened steel core and tracer cup on its right. Both jackets and the tracer cup are made from copper-washed steel. Between the cores and the jackets there would be a layer of lead.
Dummy round
  • BS: Armor-piercing incendiary original anti-tank round. The projectile weighs 64.4 grams and is 51 millimeters long with a 38.7 gram core of tungsten carbide with 1.8 grams of incendiary material in the tip. The overall round weighs approximately 200 grams and is 155 millimeters long. The projectile has a muzzle velocity of approximately 1,006 meters per second and can penetrate 30–32 millimeters of RHA steel at an incidence of 0 degrees at a range of 500 meters, or 40 millimeters at a range of 100 meters.[1][2][3]
  • B-32: Armor-piercing incendiary full metal jacket round with a hardened steel core. Projectile weight is 64 g and muzzle velocity is 1006 m/s. Armour penetration at 500 m is 32 mm of RHA at 90 degrees.
  • BZT: Armor-piercing incendiary tracer full metal jacket round with a steel core. Projectile weight is 59.56 g and muzzle velocity is 1,006 m/s. Tracer burns to at least 2,000 m.
  • MDZ: High-explosive incendiary bullet of instant action. Projectile weight is 59.68 g.
  • ZP: Incendiary tracer round
  • DGJ-02 SLAP: Chinese copy of the 20×100mm Hispano round

Cartridges use lacquered steel cases and a percussion primer. Some countries also use brass cartridge cases. The propellant consists of 28.8 g smokeless powder with seven tubes, designated as 5/7NA powder. Two different versions of bullet series are known, the earlier had a conventional bullet jacket with boat-tail. These had a long engraving portion that caused considerable barrel wear. The newer bullet types have a smaller engraving portion with a rounder boat-tail and were used from about 1957 on.

The cartridge has been manufactured in Bulgaria, China, Egypt, Hungary, Iraq, North Korea, Poland, Romania, Russia, and the former Czechoslovakia. Of special note are the new Chinese armor-piercing types:[4]

  • DGJ02: APIDS-T cartridge uses a 45 g tungsten penetrator, wrapped in a discarding sabot (similar to the US military SLAP cartridges) with dual colour tracer to aid ranging. The sabot splits and leaves the penetrator between 150 and 200 m from the muzzle. It has a muzzle velocity of 1,250 m/s and is quoted as being able to penetrate 20 mm of armour plate set at an angle of 60° at 1000 m.
  • DGE02: APHEI cartridge weighs between 175 and 188 g. At 1000 m it is quoted as having a 90 percent chance of being able to penetrate 15 mm of armour plate set at 30°. At 300 m after penetrating a 2 mm soft steel plate (representing an aircraft skin) it can further penetrate a 1.2 mm thick steel plate producing 20 fragments. Upon explosion between 75 and 95 incendiary pieces are formed which have an 80% chance of igniting aviation fuel.

Chambered weapons

Anti-materiel rifles

Machine guns

  • Slostin machine gun (heavy variant)
  • KPV heavy machine gun
  • Type 02/QJG-02 heavy machine gun[6]
  • Chinese Type 56 & Type 58 heavy machine guns

Other

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See also

References
  1. Chant, Christopher (1989). Air Defense Systems and Weapons: World AAA and Sam Systems in the 1990s. Brassey's Defence Publishers. p. 345. ISBN 978-0-08-036246-5.
  2. Opposing Forces: Europe. Department of Defense, Department of the Army, Headquarters. 1977. pp. 1–5.
  3. "Armor", Volume 81 Issue 6. United States Armor Association. 1972. p. 43.
  4. Andrew, Martin (April 2012). "PLA Mechanised Infantry Division Air Defence Systems". Air Power Australia.
  5. "Iran unveils new tactical vehicle, sniper rifle". Tehran Times. Archived from the original on 16 November 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.
  6. "QJG 02 Heavy Machine Gun". Archived from the original on 2 September 2010. Retrieved 29 October 2010.
  7. 2Kh35 Inserted unified self-loading gun

Further reading
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