1075

Year 1075 (MLXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	10th century 11th century 12th century
Decades:	1050s 1060s 1070s 1080s 1090s
Years:	1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078

1075 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1075 MLXXV
Ab urbe condita	1828
Armenian calendar	524 ԹՎ ՇԻԴ
Assyrian calendar	5825
Balinese saka calendar	996–997
Bengali calendar	482
Berber calendar	2025
English Regnal year	9 Will. 1 – 10 Will. 1
Buddhist calendar	1619
Burmese calendar	437
Byzantine calendar	6583–6584
Chinese calendar	甲寅年 (Wood Tiger) 3771 or 3711     — to — 乙卯年 (Wood Rabbit) 3772 or 3712
Coptic calendar	791–792
Discordian calendar	2241
Ethiopian calendar	1067–1068
Hebrew calendar	4835–4836
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1131–1132
- Shaka Samvat	996–997
- Kali Yuga	4175–4176
Holocene calendar	11075
Igbo calendar	75–76
Iranian calendar	453–454
Islamic calendar	467–468
Japanese calendar	Jōhō 2 (承保２年)
Javanese calendar	979–980
Julian calendar	1075 MLXXV
Korean calendar	3408
Minguo calendar	837 before ROC 民前837年
Nanakshahi calendar	−393
Seleucid era	1386/1387 AG
Thai solar calendar	1617–1618
Tibetan calendar	阳木虎年 (male Wood-Tiger) 1201 or 820 or 48     — to — 阴木兔年 (female Wood-Rabbit) 1202 or 821 or 49

Modern artist impression of Shen Kuo

Events

By place

Africa

• The Kingdom of Mapungubwe is established in modern day South Africa

Europe

• June 9 – First Battle of Langensalza: Emperor Henry IV defeats the Saxon nobles on the River Unstrut near Langensalza in Thuringia (modern Germany). He subjugates Saxony, and immediately tries to reassert his rights as the sovereign of northern Italy.
• Anund Gårdske is deposed as king of Svealand (also called Sweden proper). King Håkan the Red of Götaland proclaims himself ruler of all Sweden.

England

• Revolt of the Earls: The Earls Ralph de Gael, Roger de Breteuil and Waltheof, begin a revolt against King William I (the Conqueror) in the last serious act of resistance to the Norman Conquest.
• Roger de Breteuil is brought before the Great Council. He is deprived of his lands and sentenced to perpetual imprisonment. Ralph de Gael and Waltheof are charged as co-conspirators.
• August 25 – Council of London: Archbishop Lanfranc instigates the movement of English bishoprics. One of these is the bishopric of Sherborne and Wilton which is moved to Old Sarum.

Asia

• Summer – Shen Kuo, Chinese polymath scientist and statesman, solves a border dispute with the Liao Dynasty by dredging up old diplomatic records. He refutes Emperor Dao Zong's bluffs point for point during a meeting at Mt. Yongan (near modern-day Pingquan), reestablishing the rightful borders of the Song Dynasty.
• Vietnamese forces under General Lý Thường Kiệt defend Vietnam against an Chinese invasion.
• The Liao Dynasty version of the Buddhist Tripiṭaka is completed (approximate date).

By topic

Religion

• February – Pope Gregory VII holds a council in the Lateran Palace at Rome. He publishes a decree against laymen investiture (an act which will later cause the Investiture Controversy).
• April – Gregory VII publishes the Dictatus papae (a compilation of 27 statements of powers), in which he asserts papal authority over earthly as well as spiritual rulers.
• December 8 – Gregory VII writes a letter of reprimand to Henry IV. He accuses him of breaching his word and continued support of excommunicated councilors.
• December 25 – Gregory VII is kidnapped in the church during Christmas night in Rome and briefly imprisoned by the Roman nobleman Cencio I Frangipane.

Births

• March 18 – Al-Zamakhshari, Persian philosopher (d. 1144)
• June 5 – Tianzuo (Yanning), emperor of the Liao Dynasty
• November 25 – Tai Zong, emperor of the Jin Dynasty (d. 1135)
• Adelaide del Vasto, countess and regent of Sicily (d. 1118)
• Bertha, queen of Aragon and Navarre (approximate date)
• Conrad I, archbishop of Salzburg (approximate date)
• Frederick I, archbishop of Cologne (approximate date)
• Gerald de Windsor, English nobleman (approximate date)
• Gim Busik, Korean statesman and general (d. 1151)
• Gisela of Burgundy, French noblewoman (d. 1135)
• Henry IX (the Black), duke of Bavaria (d. 1126)
• Jaya Pala, Indian ruler of Kamarupa Kingdom (d. 1100)
• Jinadattasuri, Indian Jain poet and writer (d. 1154)
• Lothair II (or Lothair III), Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1137)[1]
• Nicholas the Pilgrim, Italian shepherd and saint (d. 1094)
• Norbert of Xanten, archbishop of Magdeburg (d. 1134)
• Orderic Vitalis, English Benedictine monk and historian[2]
• Raymond Pilet d'Alès, French nobleman (d. 1120)
• Soběslav I (or Sobeslaus), duke of Bohemia (d. 1140)
• Svatopluk (the Lion), duke of Bohemia (d. 1109)
• Tancred, Italo-Norman leader of the First Crusade (d. 1112)

Deaths

• March 29 – Ottokar I (or Otakar), German nobleman
• April 2 – Al-Qa'im, Abbasid caliph in Baghdad (b. 1001)
• April 15 – Erlembald Cotta, Italian military leader
• May 21 – Richeza (or Adelaide), Hungarian queen
• June 9 – Gebhard of Supplinburg, German nobleman
• June 10 – Ernest (the Brave), margrave of Austria (b. 1027)
• June 23 – Theodwin, prince-bishop of Liège
• August 2 – John VIII, patriarch of Constantinople
• August 27 – Minamoto no Yoriyoshi, Japanese nobleman (b. 988)
• November 6 – Fujiwara no Norimichi, Japanese nobleman (b. 996)
• December 4 – Anno II, archbishop of Cologne
• December 13 – Xiao Guanyin, Chinese empress (b. 1040)
• December 18 – Edith of Wessex, English queen
• Alī ibn Ahmad al-Nasawī, Persian mathematician
• Al-Mamun, Andalusian emir of the Taifa of Toledo
• Amhalgaidh mac Cathal, king of Maigh Seóla
• Anne of Kiev (or Agnes), French queen and regent
• Dedi I (or Dedo), margrave of the Saxon Ostmark
• Domnall mac Murchada, king of Leinster and Dublin
• Frederick II, German nobleman and overlord (b. 1005)
• Gofraid mac Amlaíb meic Ragnaill, king of Dublin
• Gundekar II (or Gunzo), bishop of Eichstätt (b. 1019)
• Ibn Butlan, Arab Nestorian Christian physician (b. 1038)
• Ibn Hayyan, Moorish historian and writer (b. 987)
• John Xiphilinus, Byzantine historian (approximate date)
• Peter Krešimir IV (the Great), king of Croatia (or 1074)
• Rashid al-Dawla Mahmud, Mirdasid emir of Aleppo
• Siward (or Sigweard), bishop of Rochester

References

1. "Lothar II (or III) | Holy Roman emperor". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved July 28, 2018.
2. "Orderic Vitalis | Norman history". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved July 28, 2018.