1054

Year 1054 (MLIV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	10th century 11th century 12th century
Decades:	1030s 1040s 1050s 1060s 1070s
Years:	1051 1052 1053 1054 1055 1056 1057

1054 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1054 MLIV
Ab urbe condita	1807
Armenian calendar	503 ԹՎ ՇԳ
Assyrian calendar	5804
Balinese saka calendar	975–976
Bengali calendar	461
Berber calendar	2004
English Regnal year	N/A
Buddhist calendar	1598
Burmese calendar	416
Byzantine calendar	6562–6563
Chinese calendar	癸巳年 (Water Snake) 3750 or 3690     — to — 甲午年 (Wood Horse) 3751 or 3691
Coptic calendar	770–771
Discordian calendar	2220
Ethiopian calendar	1046–1047
Hebrew calendar	4814–4815
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1110–1111
- Shaka Samvat	975–976
- Kali Yuga	4154–4155
Holocene calendar	11054
Igbo calendar	54–55
Iranian calendar	432–433
Islamic calendar	445–446
Japanese calendar	Tengi 2 (天喜２年)
Javanese calendar	957–958
Julian calendar	1054 MLIV
Korean calendar	3387
Minguo calendar	858 before ROC 民前858年
Nanakshahi calendar	−414
Seleucid era	1365/1366 AG
Thai solar calendar	1596–1597
Tibetan calendar	阴水蛇年 (female Water-Snake) 1180 or 799 or 27     — to — 阳木马年 (male Wood-Horse) 1181 or 800 or 28

King Henry I of France (right) receives a courier from William the Bastard.

Events

By place

Byzantine Empire

• Sultan Tughril leads a large Seljuk army out of Azerbaijan into Armenia, possibly to consolidate his frontier, while providing an incentive to his Turkoman allies in the form of plunder. Tughril divides his army into four columns, ordering three to veer off to the north to raid into central and northern Armenia, while he takes the fourth column towards Lake Van. The Seljuk Turks capture and sack the fortress city of Artchesh, after an 8-day siege.[1]

Europe

• Battle of Mortemer: The Normans, led by Duke William the Bastard, defeat a French army (near Mortemer), as it is caught pillaging and plundering. King Henry I of France withdraws his main army from Normandy as a result. Guy I (or Wido), count of Ponthieu, is captured during the course of the battle.

Scotland

• July 27 – Siward, earl of Northumbria, invades Scotland, to support King Malcolm III against Macbeth, who has usurped the Scottish throne from Malcolm's father, Duncan I. Macbeth is defeated at Dunsinane.

Africa

• The Almoravids retake the trading center of Aoudaghost from the Ghana Empire. Repeated Almoravid incursions, aimed at seizing control of the trans-Saharan gold trade, disrupt Ghana's dominance of the trade routes.[2]

Asia

• Lý Nhật Tôn, third king of the Lý Dynasty, begins to rule in Vietnam, and changes the country's official name to Đại Việt.

By topic

Astronomy

• July 4 (approx.) – SN 1054, a supernova, is first observed by the Chinese, Arabs and possibly Native Americans, near the star Zeta Tauri.[3] For 23 days it remains bright enough to be seen in daylight. Its remnants form the Crab Nebula (NGC 1952).[4]

Religion

• Spring – Pope Leo IX sends a legatine mission, under Cardinal Humbert of Silva Candida, to Constantinople, to negotiate with Patriarch Michael I Cerularius, in response to his actions concerning the church in Constantinople.[5]
• July 16 – Humbert of Silva Candida, representative of the newly deceased Leo IX, breaks the relations between Western and Eastern Churches, through the act of placing an invalidly-issued Papal Bull of excommunication during the celebration of the Divine Liturgy (See East-West Schism).

Births

• September 2 – Sukjong, ruler of Goryeo (d. 1105)
• Al-Hariri of Basra, Abbasid poet and scholar (d. 1122)
• Bohemond I of Antioch, Italo-Norman nobleman (approximate date)
• George II (Giorgi), king of Georgia (approximate date)
• Judith of Lens, niece of William the Conqueror (or 1055)
• Judith of Swabia, queen consort of Hungary (d. 1105)
• Langri Tangpa, Tibetan Buddhist master (d. 1123)
• Ramon Berenguer II, Count of Barcelona (or 1053)
• Tong Guan, Chinese general and adviser (d. 1126)

Deaths

• February 20 – Yaroslav the Wise, Russian grand prince (b. c.978)
• March 8 – Azelin (Azellinus), bishop of Hildesheim
• April 19 – Pope Leo IX, German pontiff of the Catholic Church (b. 1002)
• July 19 – Bernold (Bernulf), bishop of Utrecht
• August 25 – Fujiwara no Michimasa, Japanese nobleman (b. 992)
• August 31 – Kunigunde of Altdorf, German noblewoman (b. c.1020)
• September 1 – Fortún Sánchez, Navarrese nobleman (b. c.992)
• September 15 – García Sánchez III, king of Pamplona (b. c.1012)
• September 24 – Hermann of Reichenau, German music theorist (b. 1013)
• Abu Sahl Zawzani, Persian statesman and chief secretary
• Atiśa, Tibetan Buddhist leader and master (b. c.980)
• Cacht ingen Ragnaill, queen consort of Munster
• Nuño Álvarez de Carazo, Castilian nobleman
• Osbern Pentecost, Norman knight and nobleman
• Osgod Clapa (Osgot), Anglo-Saxon nobleman

References

1. Brian Todd Carey (2012). Road to Manzikert: Byzantine and Islamic Warfare (527–1071), p. 125. ISBN 978-1-84884-215-1.
2. Levtzion, Nehemia; Hopkins, John F.P., eds. (2000), Corpus of Early Arabic Sources for West Africa, New York: Marcus Weiner Press. ISBN 1-55876-241-8. First published in 1981.
3. "Journal of Astronomy", part 9, chapter 56 of History of Song, first printing 1340; facsimile on frontispiece of Misner, Thorne, Wheeler Gravitation, 1973.
4. "Crab Nebula". NASA.
5. Brett Edward Whalen (2009). Dominion of God: Christendom and Apocalypse in the Middle Ages, p. 24 (Harvard University Press).