Che (Persian letter)

Che, or Čīm, or Ce (چ), is a letter of the Perso-Arabic alphabet, used to represent [t͡ʃ], and which derives from ǧīm (ج) by the addition of two dots. It is found with this value in other Arabic-derived scripts. It is used in Persian, Urdu, Pashto, Kurdish, Azerbaijani, Ottoman Turkish, Malay (Jawi), and other Iranian languages.

Position in word: Isolated Final Medial Initial
Glyph form:
(Help)		 چ‎ ـچ‎ ـچـ‎ چـ‎
Persian alphabet
ا ب پ ت ث ج چ ح خ د ذ ر ز ژ س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ک گ ل م ن و ه ی
Perso Arabic script
Arabic alphabet
Arabic script

In Arabic
The initial form of the Persian Che used to represent [ɡ] in an Israeli road sign on the road to Giv'at Shmuel.

The letter چ can be used to transcribe [t͡ʃ] of Persian Gulf: Gulf Arabic and Iraqi Arabic, where they have that sound natively. In these countries and the rest of Arabic-speaking geographic regions, the combination of tāʾ-šīn (تش) is more likely used to transliterate the /t͡ʃ/ sound which is often realized as two consonants ([t]+[ʃ]) elsewhere; this letter combination is used for loanwords and foreign names, including those of Spanish origin in Moroccan Arabic. (In the case of Moroccan Arabic, the letter ڜ is used instead to transliterate the /t͡ʃ/ sound aside from چ; this letter derives from šīn (ش) with an additional three dots below.)

In Egypt, this letter represents [ʒ], which can be a reduction of /d͡ʒ/. The /ʒ/ pronunciation is also proposed for South Arabian minority languages, like Mehri and Soqotri.

In Israel, where official announcements are often trilingual, this letter is used as the letter gīm on roadsigns to represent [ɡ], when transcribing Hebrew or foreign names of places, since Palestinian Arabic does not have a /g/ in its phonemic inventory.

Character encodings
Character information
Previewچ
Unicode nameARABIC LETTER TCHEH
Encodingsdecimalhex
Unicode1670U+0686
UTF-8218 134DA 86
Numeric character referenceچچ
Character information
Previewڜ
Unicode nameARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH THREE DOTS BELOW AND THREE DOTS ABOVE
Encodingsdecimalhex
Unicode1692U+069C
UTF-8218 156DA 9C
Numeric character referenceڜڜ
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See also


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